【备考2024】精读高考英语真题(四）（附学案 ）.docx

精 读 高 考 真 题 (四）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a persons mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a persons positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是议论文，主题语境为人与自我。探讨了什么是情商、许多人对情商的误解、情商的双重功能、情商的普及推广带来的益处以及对未来情商方面科学研究的希望等。三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语1. popularization n. 通俗化，普及popularize vt. 使大众化，使通俗化，普及（-ize （英-ise）构成动词，表示“使.化”，“使成为.”）popular adj. 流行的，受欢迎的popular beliefs 流行的观点，流行的看法2. in some cases 在某些情况下，有些时候3. emotional adj. 情感的，情绪上的 emotional intelligence 情商（人际交往和沟通技巧） emotional skills 情感技能 emotion n. 情感，情绪 emotionally adv. 感情上地，情绪上地emotionally intelligent 情商高的4. misunderstand . as . 把.误解成. 5. desirable adj. 值得做的，值得拥有的，合意的 desire vt. （强烈地）希望，渴望6. makeup n. 天性，性格（动词转名词）（熟词生义） make up 组成、构成，编造、虚构，（给）化妆、（为）打扮7. IQ 智商（=intelligence quotient） quotient n. 商数，度数8. such as （表示列举）比如、例如9. people skills 交际能力；人际交往能力10. contribute to 有助于，有益于，促成11. quality n. （人的）品质，特质（熟词生义） positive qualities 积极地品质，正面的特质12. skill-based adj. 基于技能的（合成词） 13. describe . as . 把.描述为.14. a set of 一套.15. the ability to do 做某事的能力16. accurately adv. 精确地，准确无误地 accurate adj. 精确的17. cheater n. 骗子，欺诈者 cheat v. 欺骗，蒙骗；作弊，舞弊，弄虚作假18. necessarily adv. 必定地、必然地 not necessarily 未必，不一定19. regarding prep. 关于;至于（分词转介词）20. run( far) ahead of （远）超过 21. reasonably adv. 合理地reasonable adj. 合理的，有道理的22. publicity n. （媒体的）关注，宣传，报道 public adj. 公开的，公众的 the public 公众23. employer n. 雇主，雇用者 employ vt. 雇用24. well-being n. 安康、幸福、福利、福祉（合成词） social well-being 社会福利25. re-evaluate vt. 重新评估，再评价（re- 用于动词和名词前构成新的动词和名词，表示“再度”、“重新”） evaluate vt. 评估，评价26. functionality vt. 实用，设计目的，功能性functional adj. 实用的，功能的（-al 接在名词之后，构成形容词，表示“像.一样的”、“与.有关的”）function n. 功能;作用 vi. 发挥功能，起作用27. adaptively adv. 适应性地，适应地adaptive adj. 适应的，有适应能力的（-ive 构成形容词，表示“具有.性质的”、“有.倾向的”）adapt v. （使）适应，（使）适合28. continuing adj. 继续的，连续的，持续的（分词形容词） continue vi. 持续，继续29. scholarly adj. 学者的，学术的（-ly接名词之后构成形容词，表示“像.那样的”、“有.特质的”） scholar n. 学者30. in the right direction 朝着正确的方向 in the direction of 向.方向31. refer to 涉及，与相关32. prediction n. 预言，预告，预测make a prediction 做出预测predict vt. 预言，预测，预告33. favorable adj. 赞成的，赞同的 favor n. 赞同，支持，喜爱（英favour）34. intolerant adj. 不宽容的，不容忍的 tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的35. doubtful adj. 怀疑的，疑惑的 （-ful构成形容词，表示“充满.的”、“有.性质的”） doubt n. 怀疑，疑惑 vt. 怀疑，不相信36. unclear adj. 不清楚的，不确定的 clear adj.清楚的，明白的37. mainly adv. 主要地，大部分地 main adj. 主要的38. concerning prep. 有关，关于（分词转介词） concern vt. 与.有关，涉及39. application n. 应用，运用 practical application 实际应用apply vt. 应用，运用四、关键结构和长难句1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” 1). desirable in a persons makeup是后置定语，修饰everything。2). that cannot be measured by an IQ test, . 是定语从句，先行词是everything。当先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, none, one时，人们更多喜欢用that做关系代词或省去充当宾语的that（即零关系代词）。E.g. She has everything (that) a woman could wish for. 她拥有女人想得到的一切。 Much that has been said tonight will soon be forgotten. 今天晚上说的许多花很快就会被忘记。【参考译文】许多人现在把情商误解为一个人性格中几乎是所有令人向往却不能用智商测试来衡量的东西，比如品格、动机、自信心、心理稳定性、乐观和“人际交往技巧”。2. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. 1). prefer后面既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词作宾语，没有什么区别。 E.g. Do you prefer to cook/cooking for yourself, or to eat/eating in a restaurant? 你喜欢自己做饭吃，还是到饭店吃？2). that can be used for either good or bad purposes是定语从句，先行词是skills。1) . either . or .意为“.或者.，要么.要么.”，用来连接两个对等的部分。即既可以连接两个形式对等的词，也可以是两个短语，还可以是两个句法作用对等的分句。E.g. You can either write or phone to request a copy. 你既可以写信也可以打电话索取一本。I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它丢在桌子上了，就是丢在抽屉里了。Either you leave now or I call the police. 要么你现在离开，要么我叫警察。 【参考译文】我们更倾向于将情商描述为一套要么用于好的目的要么用于坏目的的特定的技能。3. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.1). while用来引导一个对比状语从句，用以比较或对比两个事实，表示两者的不同。意为“而，然而”，相当于whereas。E.g. The first two services are free, while the third costs £35.00. 前两项服务免费，但是第三项服务要花35英镑。2). 主句中the ability是主语，to accurately understand how others are feeling 是定语，修饰ability，其中how others are feeling是动词understand后面的宾语从句；may be used是谓语，to find how best to help her patients是目的状语。【参考译文】准确理解他人感受的能力可能被医生用来发现如何最好地帮助病人，而骗子可能会用它来控制潜在的受害者。4. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.1). Being emotionally intelligent是动名词形式，在句中作主语。动名词、动词不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 E.g. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. 做一名翻页员需要足够的练习。 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". 去黄山让我想起了流行的披头士乐队歌曲蜿蜒长路。 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided. 什么时候、到什么地方去度带薪假期还没有被决定。2). a moral person是名词短语做宾语补足语“make + 名词 + 名词（形容词，过去分词）”结构意为“使.成.”，其中“名词（形容词，过去分词）”做补足语。E.g. He was recently made a full-time teacher. 他最近成了一名全职教师。His kind words really made me happy. 他体贴的话真的让我开心。It is difficult to make myself understood in English. 要用英语把我自己表达清楚很难。【参考译文】情商高未必能使一个人成为有道德的人。5. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.1) . 本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。英语中，当动词不定式或that从句充当主语时，根据“尾重”原则，常常把它们放在句子尾部，用it做形式主语（或先行主语）。在“It is ones hope that.”结构中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导主语从句。E.g. It is my hope that I can visit China again in the near future. 我希望不久的将来能再次访问中国。 It is our hope that we can live in a peaceful world. 我们希望能生活在一个和平的世界。2). in coming decades意为“在未来几十年里”，coming是现在分词做定语，修饰decades。也可以用动词不定式形式表达：in the decades to come E.g. All of them are getting ready for the coming test now.(=All of them are getting ready for the test to come now.) 现在他们都在为即将到来的测试做准备3). from which to study how people manage their lives相当于定语从句from which people can study how people manage their lives。“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构可转换为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。 E.g. Thefarmersusewoodtobuildahousewith whichtostoregrainsalltheyearround.(=Thefarmersusewoodtobuildahousewithwhichtheycanstoregrainsalltheyearround.) 农民们用木材建房子来全年储存谷物。Franksdreamwastohavehisownshopin whichtoproducethe workingsofhisownhands.(=Franksdreamwastohavehisownshopinwhichhecould producetheworkingsofhisownhands.)Frank的梦想是拥有他自己的按他自己的方式生产的门店。【参考译文】我们希望在未来几十年内，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供的新的视角。【答案】D B A B【附：学案】精 读 高 考 真 题 (四）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a persons mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a persons positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是_，主题语境为_。探讨了_、_、_、_以及_等。三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语1. popularization n. popularize vt. popular adj. popular beliefs 2. in some cases 3. emotional adj. emotional intelligence emotional skills emotion n. emotionally adv. emotionally intelligent 4.misunderstand . as . 5.desirable adj. desire vt. 6.makeup n. make up 7.IQ quotient n. 8. such as 9. people skills 10. contribute to 11.quality n. positive qualities 12.skill-based adj. 13.describe . as . 14.a set of 15.the ability to do 16.accurately adv. accurate adj. 17.cheater n. cheat v. 18.necessarily adv. not necessarily 19.regarding prep. 20.run( far) ahead of 21.reasonably adv. reasonable adj. 22.publicity n. public adj. the public 23.employer n. employ vt. 24.well-being n. social well-being 25.re-evaluate vt. evaluate vt. 26.functionality vt. functional adj. function n. vi. 27.adaptively adv. adaptive adj. adapt v. 28.continuing adj. continue vi. 29.scholarly adj. scholar n. 30.in the right direction in the direction of 31.refer to 32.prediction n. make a prediction predict vt. 33.favorable adj. favor n. 34.intolerant adj. tolerant adj. 35.doubtful adj. doubt n. vt. 36.unclear adj. clear adj.37.mainly adv. main adj. 38.concerning prep. concern vt. 39.application n. practical application apply vt. 四、关键结构和长难句1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” 1). desirable in a persons makeup是_，修饰_。2). that cannot be measured by an IQ test, . 是_，_是everything。当先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, none, one时，人们更多喜欢用that做关系代词或省去充当宾语的that（即零关系代词）。E.g. She has everything _a woman could wish for. 她拥有女人想得到的一切。 Much_ has been said tonight will soon be forgotten. 今天晚上说的许多花很快就会被忘记。【翻译】_2.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. 1). prefer后面既可以接_也可以接_作宾语，没有什么区别。 E.g. Do you prefer