完形填空解题技巧省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx
完完 形形 填填 空空 高考专题复习之高考专题复习之完形填空完形填空鹤壁高中陈致玲第1页【考纲要求与说明考纲要求与说明】完形填空全方面考查学生在阅读了解基础完形填空全方面考查学生在阅读了解基础之上利用词汇和语法能力和水平。之上利用词汇和语法能力和水平。解题过程要求考生依据文章整体内容，区解题过程要求考生依据文章整体内容，区分结构层次和内容逻辑关系，对语篇中缺失信分结构层次和内容逻辑关系，对语篇中缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证过程，通常我们能够息进行猜测、推断、验证过程，通常我们能够借助语篇上下文线索以及文化背景知识借助语篇上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行等进行解题。阅读过程中多注意体会解题。阅读过程中多注意体会作者写作意图作者写作意图，加强分析推理能力。加强分析推理能力。第2页1.以叙为主以叙为主,叙议结合叙议结合;2.篇章短小篇章短小,意义完整意义完整;3.首句完整首句完整,主题明确主题明确;4.结构清楚结构清楚,层次分明层次分明;5.考查语境考查语境,侧重辨析侧重辨析;6.实词为主实词为主,虚词为辅虚词为辅;7.逻辑推理逻辑推理,隐于语篇隐于语篇;8.常识语法常识语法,经常出现经常出现。形散意不散形散意不散 貌离神不离貌离神不离【高考完型命题特点高考完型命题特点】第3页年年 份份体体 裁裁题题 材材作者学习美式手语经历及感受。运输司机冒险救援事故车运输司机冒险救援事故车辆。辆。记叙文记叙文 记叙文记叙文 记叙文记叙文（夹叙夹议）（夹叙夹议）贡献爱心，助人为乐。（赠人玫瑰，手留余香）【近三年全国卷体裁题材特点近三年全国卷体裁题材特点】第4页【近三年全国卷近三年全国卷考点分布考点分布】年份年份名词名词动词动词形容形容词词副词副词 连词连词 短语短语其它7题题6题题3题题3题题1题题4题题4题题2题题1题题3题题4题题1题题5题题9题题5题题1题题主要考查主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词名词、动词、形容词、副词，占占90%以上。以上。第5页原词复现原词复现同义、近义复现同义、近义复现并列关系并列关系转折关系转折关系让步关系让步关系解释关系解释关系语法项目语法项目较少考查较少考查次序关系次序关系因果关系因果关系词汇伎俩词汇伎俩语法伎俩语法伎俩逻辑伎俩逻辑伎俩语篇信息语篇信息（语境了解）（语境了解）考查内容考查内容第6页备战完形填空能力必备一、快速阅读能力二、词汇辨析能力三、词汇搭配了解能力四、逻辑推断能力五、利用常识能力六、揣测作者意图能力第7页技巧点拨技巧点拨1.注意注意上下文语境上下文语境（context)词汇复现、同现词汇复现、同现2.利用利用词义辨析词义辨析（comparison）3.掌握掌握习惯搭配习惯搭配（phrases&idioms）4.掌握掌握熟词生义熟词生义（new meanings）4.了解了解背景常识背景常识（common sense）5.利用利用语法分析语法分析（grammar analysis)第8页跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意再读全文，重复检验结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破完形填空解题步骤完形填空解题步骤把握整体详细分析第9页1、跳读、跳读领会大意（领会大意（23分钟分钟）速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白地方，仍要快速读下去。经过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作格调等等。完形填空解题三部曲完形填空解题三部曲:跳读跳读-试填试填-复核复核第10页。2.试填试填-瞻前顾后瞻前顾后 上下求索上下求索(8-10分钟分钟)先易后难，逐层深入。紧紧围绕全文内容，联络上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇意义、搭配，惯使用方法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。第11页3 复核复核-全方面检验，确保语意连贯全方面检验，确保语意连贯(2-3分钟分钟)试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。第12页词汇题词汇题1.复现复现 同现同现第13页词语复现词语复现词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一篇中重复出现。语篇中句子经过复现关式在同一篇中重复出现。语篇中句子经过复现关系到达相互衔接目标，词语复现又可分为原词复系到达相互衔接目标，词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、同义或近现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、同义或近义词复现（包含与近义词同根词复现，如义词复现（包含与近义词同根词复现，如ill与与sickness）、上下义词复现（即总括与分述，如）、上下义词复现（即总括与分述，如food是是bread、milk、rice等上义词；等上义词；r是是flower下下义词）等。义词）等。第14页1.(全全国国卷卷I)While high school does notgenerally encourage students to explorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.After that,feeling the need to_52_ further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclubsmeetings.52.A.exerciseB.exploreC.expressD.explain原词原词,同根词重现同根词重现.第15页2.(全国卷全国卷I)Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima_47_.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere_48(low)_oncashourselves,butWhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor_54(whatever)_hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.47.A.dollarB.jobC.hotmeal D.giftcardthegiftcard原词重现原词重现第16页3.(广东卷)therearemanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebabysheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfathersclotherswerejusttwooftherecommended_27_.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods解析解析:methods与前文中与前文中ways同义词复现同义词复现第17页4.(全国卷全国卷II)Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbsmaybedull,mostofthe_50_thingstheydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.50.A.simpleB.uniqueC.funD.clever 解析解析:fun与与 dull为反义词复现为反义词复现第18页5.(四川卷四川卷)Wefellinlove.Inthebeginning,Ididntwanttodiscuss_,becausethesadnessoflosingMumstillfeltgreat.Paulunderstoodthatandneverpushedmebut,bysummer,wegotmarried.A.travelB.businessC.childrenD.marriage解析：解析：marriage与文中与文中married属同根词属同根词复现复现。第19页6.(湖北卷)hetaughtherhowtorelyonherother_,speciallyherhearing.A.feelingB.organsC.skillsD.senses解析解析:senses为为hearing上义词复现上义词复现第20页7.7.Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadteacherthoughtIwas_andwhenIwas14hesaid,“Youarenevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopefulB利用首句信息利用首句信息第21页8.Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoor,studentswhoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton_.A.soonerB.laterC.fasterD.earlierB词语同现。词语同现。词语同现：词语同现：一些语义相关联词语在语篇中共同出现性，叫词语同现，也有些人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等。如：differentvssame,cruelvsfriendly,death&destruction第22页9.ThesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrowsandpaleA.sickB.slimC.shortD.smallA解析：与解析：与pale同现单词，应该是同现单词，应该是sick。第23页10.On_days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy解析解析:与与heavyclothes和和woolengloves同现同现应该是应该是snowydays。D第24页2.词义辨析词义辨析第25页1.(全国卷全国卷I)IwatchedastheASLClub_47_theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery_48_ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking_49_me.47.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedD.discussed48.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason49.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedD.attracted解析：依据句中关键词watch可知，作者看到美式手语社团组员演出(perform)。record 统计;recite背诵;discuss讨论.48 题和49题手部动作和无须用语言交流想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。第26页2.Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired解析：解析：在把握上文在把握上文“我提着衣箱迟缓地上楼梯我提着衣箱迟缓地上楼梯”情况下，可知答案为情况下，可知答案为D.tired，即当我抵达三楼时，即当我抵达三楼时，已经很累了；已经很累了；第27页3.(全国卷全国卷II)In 1973,I was teaching elementary school.Each day 27kids_“The Thinking Laboratory.A.built B.entered C.decorated D.ran解析：依据上文一句，作者在一所小学教学，孩子门当然是天天进入（enter）思想试验室了。built建造;decorate装饰；run跑步，经营第28页4.(全国卷全国卷I）Mywheelchairexperimentwassoon54.Itmadeadeepimpressiononme.Afewhoursof“disability”gavemeonlyatasteofthe55(challenges),bothphysicalandmental,thatdisabledpeoplemustovercome.54.A.forgottenB.repeatedC.conductedD.finished语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析第29页3.习惯使用方法和习惯使用方法和固定搭配固定搭配第30页311.(江西江西)“Youshouldntswimthatday,”theman45(advised).“Thereisastormcomingup.”“Youshouldmindyourown46!”Dianerepliedandwalkedintothegentlewaves.46.A.businessB.SwimsuitC.friendsD.parentsMind your own business!不要多管闲事！不要多管闲事！第31页2.(全国全国I)Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout43withtheirnewtoys.43.A.workingB.livingC.playingD.going语境语境-固定搭配固定搭配playwith(toys)第32页333.(全国新课标)Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks36thanwords 36.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.furtherAction speaks louder than words.习语谚语习语谚语:事实胜于雄辩事实胜于雄辩第33页4.熟词生义熟词生义第34页1.Oneafternoon，theheadmastercalledmyfriendtodiscussoneessaywithhiminalivelyspirit.“Iwasinterestedinthis48youmakehere.Ithinkyoumighthavegonefurther.Tellmewhatyouhadinyourmind.”A.aimB.goalC.pointD.opinionpoint 观点，关键点观点，关键点第35页2.Hecamebacktomelikeamanwhohadhadaverynarrow54andImadeupmymindtomakeeveryefforttostudymytranslations.A.surpriseB.escapeC.hopeD.chancenarrowadj.勉强，好不轻易anarrowvictory险胜第36页3.Scottandhiscompanionswereterriblydisappointed.WhentheygottotheSouthPole,theyfoundtheNorwegians（挪威人）hadbeatenthemintheracetobethefirstevertoreachit.After37theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotographofthemselvesbeforetheystartedthe950-milejourneyback.A.growingB.puttingC.plantingD.layingplantvt.立稳，竖立，安放立稳，竖立，安放第37页4.TodayIdecidedtolookuptheword“hero”inthedictionarytoseeexactlywhatitmeant.It_“apersonwhodoessomethingbrave”.AsIreadon,italsosaid“apersonwhoisgoodandnoble”A.wroteB.toldC.describedD.readreadvt.(指示牌等指示牌等)写着，（仪器等）显示写着，（仪器等）显示第38页5.Hethenreturnedtohisoffice,satisfiedthatifapictureisworthathousandwords,thenthefourphotosmustbeagood31!Hesatdownwithasmile.Hiswife32thosepictures.ShecarriestheminherpursenowandshowsthemtoanyonewhoasksifsheismarriedA.descriptionB.preparationC.excuseD.lectureA.toredB.savedC.developedD.destroyedlecturen.教训，训斥教训，训斥savev.保留，保留保留，保留第39页4.生活常识和生活常识和文化背景文化背景第40页1.（全国卷I）AssoonasIsatdown,my41madethechairbegintoroll.Itswheelswerenot42（locked）.41.A.height B.force C.skillD.weight生活常识生活常识常识、背景知识常识、背景知识2.BorninAmerica,IspokeEnglishnotChinese，thelanguageofmyancestors.WhenIwasthree,myparentsflashedcardswithChinese36atmyface,butIpushedthem37(aside),36.A.customB.gamesC.charactersD.language第41页3：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir1.Thiswasthebeginningofanother2dayinNewYorkCity.1.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary解析：按生活经验，人们起床后，各自奔向自己工作岗位。解析：按生活经验，人们起床后，各自奔向自己工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平日经常，所以而这种情况是天天发生，是平日经常，所以2题答案是题答案是D.ordinary。A.jobsD.ordinary第42页4.WhenIwasjust20monthsold,Isufferedserious_13(burn)_ afterabowl ofhotoil fellonmyhead.Iwas_14_tohospitalandhadto stay there for weeks while the doctors_15_formylife.14.A.rushedB.ledC.invitedD.forced15.A.learnedB.foughtC.returnedD.decided解析：依据背景常识，在孩子受伤后，必定会被快速送往医院。rush急忙地送（。到某地）。急诊病人被送医院后，医生定会竭尽全力抢救。fight为而战，为而努力争取。第43页1.1.语法伎俩语法伎俩2.2.逻辑伎俩逻辑伎俩句际关系句际关系1.1.语法伎俩语法伎俩第44页（全国卷全国卷I）When I handed him the gift card,saying he could use it for _54_ his family might need,he burst into tears.54A.whoeverB.whatever C.whicheverD.whenever语法语法-连接代词连接代词第45页 逻辑伎俩逻辑伎俩2.2.逻辑伎俩逻辑伎俩让步关系让步关系转折关系转折关系因果关系因果关系解释关系解释关系次序关系次序关系并列关系并列关系第46页识别语篇标志识别语篇标志,理清逻辑关系理清逻辑关系语篇关系是指句群语篇关系是指句群,段落段落,篇章之间关系篇章之间关系。联络他联络他们之间词语被称为语篇标志词们之间词语被称为语篇标志词。常见语篇标志性词语有以下几个:次序关系:firstly,secondly,thirdly等;因果关系:thus,therefore,so等;递进关系:besides,whatsmore,further等;转折关系:but,while,yet,however等做完型时,假如能充分利用这些标志性词语,就能快速理请文章脉络,搞清上下文关系。第47页1.(全国卷I)Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy_progress,Iexcited.A.slowB.steadC.normalD.obvious转折关系转折关系第48页2.Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),butIalwaysknewhewas37(special).Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest.38.A.helpB.peaceC.smileD.praise转折关系转折关系第49页3.（全国卷全国卷I）MyhandsstartedtoacheasI51(turned)theheavymetalwheels.Icametoknowthatcontrollingthe52(direction)ofthewheelchairwasnotgoingtobea(n)53task.53.A.easyB.heavyC.majorD.extra因果关系因果关系 第50页4.(全国卷I)Theworldisfullof46stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeones47（passing）interest.46.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printed C.newly-collectedD.half-filled同类并列关系同类并列关系第51页 5.First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand,.Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick,dark line.52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally次序关系次序关系第52页 失分原因失分原因:know whyknow why犯错主要原因有两类：一是：基础知识不牢，词汇障碍严重。二是文章整体阅读能力低。所以完形填空训练重在落实，表达在：全篇主要意思是否明白；主要动词（或短语）是否会用；中西文化背景是否清楚；语境中词语筛选是否合理；是否依据常识进行推理；惯使用方法及搭配是否恰当；是否纠正了平时习惯错误。第53页怎样提升能力技巧怎样提升能力技巧一、提升阅读能力（速度、了解）二、打好语法基础（固定搭配）三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）四、增加生活常识，培养广泛兴趣兴趣五、多做多练，以提升实战能力第54页复习备考复习备考首先要熟练地掌握学过全部语法知识，切记首先要熟练地掌握学过全部语法知识，切记习惯使用方法。习惯使用方法。尤其是动词短语；注意对动词、名词、形容尤其是动词短语；注意对动词、名词、形容词、副词等词汇意义真正了解，要知道词汇词、副词等词汇意义真正了解，要知道词汇内涵、外延、褒贬及一定修辞色彩。内涵、外延、褒贬及一定修辞色彩。注意它们同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨析。注意它们同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨析。其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空练习，多其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空练习，多阅读一些短文，增强英文阅读能力，提升了阅读一些短文，增强英文阅读能力，提升了解能力解能力第55页【真题演练真题演练】新课标新课标全国卷全国卷I I解题三部曲：读解题三部曲：读-填填-读读第56页MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,wespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid,“41myjob.FamilytoFeed.”Atthisstore,a42likethisisnotnormal.My10-year-oldnoticedhimandmadea43onhowbaditmustbetohavetostand44inthecoldwind.Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidsto45somethingtheythoughtour“friend”therewould46.Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice.41.A.Quit B.Changed C.Lost D.Finished42.A.condition B.place C.sight D.show43.A.suggestion B.comment C.decision D.call44.A.by B.proudly C.outside D.angrily45.A.draw B.say C.arrange D.pick46.A.appreciate B.supply C.order D.discover语境、语境、词义词义上下文上下文第57页Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima47.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere48oncashourselves,butwell,sometimes49fromourneedinsteadofourabundanceis50whatweneedtodo!Allthekids51somethingtheycoulddoawaywithfortheweek.Whenwehandedhimthebagof52,helitupandthankeduswith53eyes.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor54hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.47.A.dollar B.jobC.hot meal D.gift card48.A.easyB.lowC.soft D.loose49.A.giving B.savingC.spending D.begging50.A.yetB.evenC.still D.just51.A.declared B.sharedC.ignoredD.expected52.A.foodB.medicineC.toysD.clothes53.A.sleepy B.wateryC.curious D.sharp54.A.whoeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever 原词重现原词重现上下文上下文语法语法语境、词义语境、词义词义词义辨析辨析第58页Thishasbeenawonderful55forourfamily.Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecan56!Thingswouldhaveplayedoutso57ifIhadsimplysaid,“No,wereallydonthave58togivemore.”Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherin59,italsogavemykidsthe60tasteofhelpingothers.Itllgoalongwaywiththem.55.A.message B.exampleC.experience D.adventure56.A.rely on B.respectC.learn from D.help57.A.suddenly B.vividlyC.differently D.perfectly58.A.time B.powerC.patience D.money59.A.need B.loveC.fear D.memory60.A.strong B.sweetC.strange D.simple语境、词义语境、词义第59页试题分析试题分析1.从设题层次来看，句组层次题最多，达从设题层次来看，句组层次题最多，达15个，这也反应了其突出考查考生连贯性了个，这也反应了其突出考查考生连贯性了解能力命题标准，所以，考生需要较强逻解能力命题标准，所以，考生需要较强逻辑推理能力。辑推理能力。2.提醒我们在日常英语学习中不要再在近义提醒我们在日常英语学习中不要再在近义词辨析及使用方法上下太多功夫，知道词义词辨析及使用方法上下太多功夫，知道词义即可。即可。第60页
