雅思大作文的结构和写作方法市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx
大作文结构及写作方式第1页两种类型n议论文 argument n说明文 report 第2页议论文n议论文普通针正确是题目中一个话题题目中一个话题(some people think)，以及部分人对这个话题想法(some people think,while others believe,有些人认为。当另外一些人认为)，然后要求你是不是同意或者是发表你自要求你是不是同意或者是发表你自己看法己看法（I think this is correct/true;I disagree with this）。这类题目通常会在题目中引述一个观引述一个观点，然后要求你针对那个观点，进行写作你针对那个观点，进行写作。议论文比较基于议论文比较基于主观事实描述主观事实描述，普通来说，文章主体是以 为何而展开，作者需要经过解释，论证解释，论证从而到达一个比较合理能够含有说服力含有说服力一个层次。作者要展开自己想法，并要经过论证，让读者认为你所写是正确，合理。第3页议论文n议论文通常有两种问法：n1.To what extent do you agree or disagree?(你从多大程度上同意这个观点)n题目中一部分人只会提出对于某个问题提出对于某个问题所产生一个看法所产生一个看法。作者所要进行论证就论证就是你是否同意这么一个看法是你是否同意这么一个看法第4页nProtecting wild animals is a waste of resources.nTo what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?nGive reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.第5页 结构：四段或五段n引言部分：提出主题（描述当前背景），改写复述题目，表明自己观点，衔接下文。n正文第一段：原因1n正文第二段：原因2n正文第三段：原因3（可省略）n结尾：重申主题，提议办法，展望未来第6页引言部分引言部分：提出主题（描述当前背景），改写复述题目，：提出主题（描述当前背景），改写复述题目，表明自己观点，衔接下文。表明自己观点，衔接下文。nAs is known to all,the big contradiction between the limitation of land and the rapidly increasing demand for it causes an alarming headache of human beings.To improve the situation,some people suggest we instantly give up protecting wild animals,the reason for which,according to them,is simply that they believe there will be no spare places for the wild animals as their habitats in the 21st century,and thus it is nothing but a waste of resources to carry out the protection.As far as I am concerned,the so-called“suggestion”is extremely ridiculous and has no point at all.第7页正文第一段：原因1nJust like human beings,wild animals are the indispensible part of the earth.The coexistence of animals and human beings creates harmony and brings about the vividness to our planet.An increasing number of people come to realize that the disappearance of animals will result in huge threat to the balance of ecosystem.If one species die out,it is inevitable that other species on the food chain will be put in very dangerous situation,which will definitely cause a series of terrible problems for the earth.第8页正文第二段：原因2nIt is hard to imagine what our world would be like without animals.Sociologists also point out that the disappearance of animals can cause social and economic problems.Animals trade,as a supporting sector to the world economy,would be out of control and a large number of animals would be killed for more profit.第9页结尾：重申主题，提议，展望nCertainly,our diet cannot live without meat.There are living stocks,which can provide us with sufficient and nutritious produce.Therefore,we need not to resort to wild animals,especially the endangered ones.To protect animals is to protect our living environment.Every individual should join efforts to keep the diversity of animals.第10页练习：nSome people believe that students who want to go to university after graduation from high school should gain some work experience or have a travel to enlarge their vision.nTo what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?n五段 第11页Homework:nThe computer is widely used in education,and some people think teachers do not play important roles in the classroom.To what extent do you agree or disagree?第12页practicenTodays children are living under more pressure from society than children in the past.To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?第13页Writing an outlinen一边倒n开头提出主题，表明观点，引出下文n主体段1原因1n主体段2原因2n结尾重申主题，提议办法第14页开头n现在孩子们生活条件比以前好了很多，不过也比过去孩子承受了更多压力。我认为，现在孩子们童年与过去孩子们比起来确实不那么多姿多彩无忧无虑。第15页nNowadays children are growing up in more favorable conditions than ever before.However,they are also faced with much greater pressure than children in the past.As for me,their childhood is indeed less colourful and carefree than that of the children in the past.第16页主体段1n首先，学业负担尤其沉重。（扩展主题句，延长因果链，假设论证，举例论证）第17页nFirstly,the burden with academic learning has become extremely heavy.It has become a trend for kids to take extra courses beyond their normal school curriculum,for parents believe that this can ensure their children a chance to a better university.And only a better university can ensure their kids a good job in the future.This would no doubt bring huge pressure to their children,affecting their health both physically and mentally.第18页主体段2n其次，就业压力也越来越大。n（举例论证，因果链）第19页nSecondly,the pressure of employment is becoming greater and greater.Statistics show that in about one million college graduates failed to find jobs.Most of them held bachelors and even masters degrees.The fact that even well-educated people are confronted with unemployment problems urges children to obtain more skills and become more versatile so as to stay competitive on the job market.第20页结尾段n重申观点，造成后果，怎样处理第21页nFrom the above discussion,we can easily come to a conclusion that children do live under more pressure than ever before.Under so much work and pressure,it is difficult for them to develop good personalities and interpersonal communication skills.They may become solitary and even suffer from certain mental illnesses.Therefore,our government and society should create opportunities and reform our educational mechanism to let our kids enjoy their supposed happy childhood.第22页n2.Discuss both views and give your opinion(讨论双方观点然后给出你自己看法)n与第一个题目不一样地方在于，这个题目相对来说，是针对了一个话题一个话题，两组两组人人，对于这个话题，产生相反不一样看产生相反不一样看法法，题目要求就是作者针对这两种看法针对这两种看法，表示你自己观点你自己观点。第23页写法一：n一边倒写法。n和前面agree or disagree 写法相同n第一段提出主题，两种看法，你看法，同意A或Bn中间段落表明你看法原因n也能够在一个段落描述另一个看法合理性n结尾总结，提出提议办法等。第24页nNow,air travel has become cheaper than in the past.Some people say that is a positive development,while some people disagree with this.What do you think?Give your reasons.第25页outlinen开头：引出主题，表明观点n主体段1-飞机旅行好处1n主体段2 飞机旅行好处2n结尾 叙述相反观点，重申自己立场，提出提议第26页n开头：n怎样引出主题？对比写法n提出观点第27页nNowadays,people can choose to travel by bus,train,ship,and airplane.In the past,travelling by air was too expensive to be popular,but things are different now:air travel has become much cheaper.Therefore,I argue that this is definitely a positive development.第28页主体段1n飞机旅行好处之一：快速n 举例论证第29页nFirstly,airplane travels extremely fast,thus it saves us a lot of time.We know that in the past,travelling from Britain to America by ship would take at least a month,but now it only needs five to eight hours.One can start out from Britain in the morning and join friends in the States for dinner.This is just the need of modern people who always want to save time to achieve more important tasks.第30页主体段2n飞机旅行第二个好处：安全n 对比论证第31页nSecondly,travelling by air is safer than by any other means of transport.There are car crashes happening here and there on highways,taking away thousands of lives everyday.People may think that train and ship are much safer than airplane,but statistics show that the rate of an airplane crash is far lower than these two means of transport.I have travelled by air dozens of times and am quite confident about the safety of air traveling.第32页nSure enough,apart from some worries about the safety of airplane,people are also worried that due to cheaper prices of air tickets,there will be more and more people choosing to travel by air,thus resulting in huge consumption of fuel and severe air pollution.This is indeed a problem worth our deep consideration.However,I firmly believe that with the development of science and technology,new types of fuel will definitely be found and then,air travel will pose no threat at all to the environment.第33页nFrom the foregoing discussion,we can see that air travel becoming cheaper and cheaper is absolutely not a bad thing.第34页写法二n折中写法n写两种观点合理性n开头段照旧，能够省去自己观点，最终一段再提。n中间段落两种观点合理性n结尾总结，你想法，提议办法展望第35页nSome people prefer to live in a small town.Others prefer to live in a big city.Which place would you prefer to live in?n折中n开头，引出主题n大城市优点n小城市优点n我观点第36页nPeople seldom agree with each other,even in such trivial issues as preference between big cities and small towns.Its a little bit hasty to say that it is better to live in a big city than to live in a small town,or vice versa.第37页n大城市优点 （列举法，对比论证）就业 教育 生活水准第38页nLiving in a big city has several benefits.First,there are more job opportunities readily available in big cities than a small town.The qualities of the position are much higher as well and the pay is more decent.Second,children are supposed to be able to receive an education with a higher quality compared with their counterparts who live in a small town.Finally,living in a big city has a superior overall living standard to that in a small town.There are more commodities and services in city markets and there are even much more cinemas in big cities.第39页n小城市优点 居住在小城市人们生活愈加舒适。他们没有大城市人们沉重生活压力。尽管收入少一些，不过小城市生活开销也不像大城市那么多。在小城市，居民们之间融洽关系会让孩子们更健康成长，他们可能不能去电影院放松休闲，不过能够和朋友在一起聊天玩耍。第40页nHowever,living in a small town also has some advantages.People who live in a small town often have a much more comfortable life style.Most of them are immune from the suffering of high work stress.Although the average pay is much less than that of big cities,the price of daily necessities is usually more inexpensive.Instead of suffering loneliness which is prevalent in big cities,children might grow up more healthily because of harmonious relationship among residents in small towns.They might have fewer cinemas to entertain themselves,but they have more friends available to chat or play with.第41页nAccording to my current situation,although I am longing for the cozy atmosphere and relationship among neighbors and friends which almost only exist in small towns,I have chosen to live in one of the biggest cities in my countryBeijing,since I have found a pretty good job here and decent pay.I think I would prefer living in a small town when I retire one day.第42页n3.讨论advantages and disadvantagesnPlease state the advantages and disadvantages of the development of private cars.n对称写法n题目本身存在观点对立性，所以能够转化为discuss both views类型，同时给出自己观点即可。n开头段落照旧，形式，不一样观点n中间两段，分别讨论优缺点n结尾段落进行总结，给出自己观点及处理办法等。第43页4.解释型题目n仔细看题目要求n以解释原因，分析结果为主，不包括辩论n四段或五段n开头引出主题，主体段落依据题目要求进行分析说明，结尾总结。第44页4.解释型题目nNowadays,it is difficult for university students to find a job.Analyze the individual and social reasons and offer some solutions.第45页4.解释型题目nMany young people find their first days at high school or college difficult,because they feel very lonely.What do you think are the other difficulties they face on their first days?What can schools and colleges do to make them feel more comfortable?第46页n新生入校不但会接触到很多新鲜事物，同时还会碰到不少困难。据调查，大约70%以上新生存在孤独感。在我看来，除了孤独感外，新入校同学也会碰到其它一些困难。第47页n第一，来自学业压力会让同学们忧心忡忡。Independent learning self-discipline n第二，对新环境种种不适应也会让同学们不舒适。Overseas student 第48页n学校和老师在帮助新生适应环境方面起着主要作用。n介绍会 orientation meeting campus tour more activities 第49页
