限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx
The Differences between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause定语从句和非限制性定语从句区分定语从句和非限制性定语从句区分第1页区分一:形式上不一样区分一:形式上不一样限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。有停顿。第2页区分二:功效不一样(最主要区分)区分二:功效不一样(最主要区分)限定性定语从句用于对先行词意义进行限制和识别,假限定性定语从句用于对先行词意义进行限制和识别,假如去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;如去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,假而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,假如省略,句意依然清楚、完整。如省略,句意依然清楚、完整。Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼人活得长些。进行体育锻炼人活得长些。(若把从若把从句去掉句子就失去意义句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义依若把从句去句子意义依然完整然完整)第3页Discuss the difference His brother,who is eighteen years old,is a PLA man.His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man.区分区分:A句:他哥哥是个解放军战士,现今句:他哥哥是个解放军战士,现今十八岁。十八岁。(说明他只有一个哥哥说明他只有一个哥哥)B句:他那个十八岁哥哥是位解放军。句:他那个十八岁哥哥是位解放军。(说明他还有别哥哥说明他还有别哥哥)第4页All the books there,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.那里全部书都是他写那里全部书都是他写,书里附有漂亮插图。书里附有漂亮插图。(说明那里没有除他以外人写书说明那里没有除他以外人写书)All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.那里全部附插图书都是他写。那里全部附插图书都是他写。(暗示没有附暗示没有附插图书不是他写插图书不是他写)第5页区分三:翻译不一样区分三:翻译不一样在翻译定语从句时,普通把限定性定语从在翻译定语从句时,普通把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰先行词之前,而把非限句翻译在它所修饰先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如:定性定语从句与主句分开。如:Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是他就是汽车被窃那个人。汽车被窃那个人。IveinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。第6页区分四:先行词不一样区分四:先行词不一样限定性定语从句限定性定语从句先行词先行词只能是名词或代词只能是名词或代词,而而非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句先行词则先行词则能够是名词能够是名词或代词,也能够是短语或句子或代词,也能够是短语或句子;如:;如:Iknownothingthathappenedlastnight.昨天晚上所发生事情,我一点也不知道。昨天晚上所发生事情,我一点也不知道。(修饰前面修饰前面nothing)Hehasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.他进步了,这使我们大家都很高他进步了,这使我们大家都很高兴。兴。(说明前面句子整个内容说明前面句子整个内容)第7页另外,当先行词为专有名词或另外,当先行词为专有名词或其它含有独一无二性普通名词其它含有独一无二性普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。句,而不用限制性定语从句。第8页区分五:关系词不一样区分五:关系词不一样关系词关系词thatthat和和whywhy可用于限制性定语从可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时能够省略有时能够省略(如引导词作宾语,如引导词作宾语,the the wayway做先行词做先行词),而在非限制性定语从,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。句中关系词一律不省略。第9页限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上形式上 不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上意义上 是先行词不可缺乏定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表示不完整。只是对先行词补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表示完整意思。译法上译法上 译成先行词定语:“”通常译成主句并列句。关系词使用上 A作宾语时可省略B可用thatC可用who 代替whom A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who 代替whom 第10页Practice A请区分出以下句子哪些是限制性定语从句,请区分出以下句子哪些是限制性定语从句,那些是非限制性定语从句那些是非限制性定语从句:1.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.2.His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.3.China is a country which has a long history.4.China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.第11页ExercisesA1、All_isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC解析:解析:定语从句中先定语从句中先行词为行词为all,none等词时,等词时,关系代词必须用关系代词必须用that,而而不是不是which.故选故选C。第12页2、Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD解析:解析:解析:解析:thisfactorythisfactory轻易被学生错轻易被学生错轻易被学生错轻易被学生错误地混为先行词,其实这是误地混为先行词,其实这是误地混为先行词,其实这是误地混为先行词,其实这是ThisThisfactoryfactory是句子主语而不是先行是句子主语而不是先行是句子主语而不是先行是句子主语而不是先行词。所以选择词。所以选择词。所以选择词。所以选择D.TheoneD.Theone中中中中oneone 指代是指代是指代是指代是factory,factory,作定语从句作定语从句作定语从句作定语从句先行词。先行词。先行词。先行词。第13页3、Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC解析:解析:解析:解析:thedaytheday是定语从句先行词,是定语从句先行词,是定语从句先行词,是定语从句先行词,shespentinBeijingshespentinBeijing中动词中动词中动词中动词spentspent是个及物动词,后接宾语,是个及物动词,后接宾语,是个及物动词,后接宾语,是个及物动词,后接宾语,thethedayday作动词作动词作动词作动词spentspent宾语。所以选宾语。所以选宾语。所以选宾语。所以选C.C.第14页4、Thisistheschool_myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD解析:题中解析:题中解析:题中解析:题中theschooltheschool是定语从句是定语从句是定语从句是定语从句先行词。先行词。先行词。先行词。in+which=where,in+which=where,所以选所以选所以选所以选D.D.试比较:试比较:试比较:试比较:Thisschoolis_myThisschoolis_myfatherworked20yearsago.fatherworked20yearsago.A.whereB.theonewherewhereB.theonewhereC.thatD.theonewhichC.thatD.theonewhichB第15页5、Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、inwhichC、whatD、theoneA解析:解析:解析:解析:thefactorythefactory是定语从是定语从是定语从是定语从句先行词句先行词句先行词句先行词,用作宾语;从用作宾语;从用作宾语;从用作宾语;从句句句句wevisitedlastyearwevisitedlastyear中中中中visitvisit是个及物动词,后接是个及物动词,后接是个及物动词,后接是个及物动词,后接宾语,所以选宾语,所以选宾语,所以选宾语,所以选A.A.第16页6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB解析:解析:解析:解析:storiesstories是定语是定语是定语是定语从句先行词从句先行词从句先行词从句先行词,同时同时同时同时storiesstories被最高级所被最高级所被最高级所被最高级所修饰,所以选修饰,所以选修饰,所以选修饰,所以选B.B.第17页1、Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichBExercisesB第18页2、Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA第19页3、Theman_youaretalkingisinthenextroom.A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whomB第20页4、Idontliketheway_hespoketome.A、bythatB、whatC、bywhichD、/D第21页4、I,_yougoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD第22页5、Thisistheonlything_Icandonow.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC第23页6、Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、wantB第24页7、Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD第25页8、Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheirwork,_,Ithinkisawisechoice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC第26页9、Thisisthereason_hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthatA第27页10、Thisisthelastfactory_heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC第28页1.(限限)Herearethefarmerswhodiscoveredtheundergroundcitylastmonth.2.(非非)Hangzhouisafamouscity,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea./Hangzhou,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea,isafamouscity.3.(限限)Idontknowthereasonwhyshegotangry.4.(限限)TheoldmantowhomyouaretalkingsawsomeGermans5.(限限)Thewomanrememberedthedaywhenshesaw第29页6.(非非)St.Petersburg is a very beautiful city,which was once called Leninggrad.7.(限限)I remember the soldier who told me8.(非非)The soldier moved,where they wanted to hide them.9.(非非)Xian is one of the few cities with city walls,whose walls remain as good as before.10.(非非)Shannxi Province is a place with many cultural relics,which are well looked after.第30页