英语新闻的特点英美报刊选读省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx
中秋节英文祝福语v1Withoutyou,themoonisroundthoughmyheartisempty.没有了你,月虽圆满,我心却空。2Eastorwest,homeisbest.金窝,银窝不如自己窝。3Themooncakeiseatenaway,butthesweetnessremains.月饼已吃,甜蜜犹存4Whereweloveishome,homethatourfeetmayleave,butnotourhearts.家是我们情之所系地方,虽只身在外,但心系家园。5Whenwearetogether,eventhemoonintheskywillbejealousy.假如我们相守在一起,天上月亮也会嫉妒。第1页英语新闻特点英语新闻特点第2页新闻标题特点新闻标题特点v语态语态v标点符号标点符号v简短小词简短小词v缩写词缩写词v节缩词节缩词v新词新词第3页语态语态v新闻标题使用动词主动语态频率远远超出被动语态。主动语态比被动语态愈加生动多彩且富有感染力,所表示意义更为直接,或更含有说服力,使读者感到真实可信,读来朗朗上口,流利自然。v英语新闻标题只有在事件或动作接收者比执行者更主要时才使用被动语态,突出强调宾语部分,以引发读者注意。第4页v英语新闻标题有时为突出动作承受者通常采取被动语态,目标在于抓住读者注意力。比如“500ReportedKilledinSKoreanBuildingCollapse”远比“CollapseClaims500LivesinSKorea”更为吸引人。两条标题都起到了提醒与浓缩韩国某百货大楼坍毁致使五百人丧生这一新闻内容作用,其中死亡人数是一个非常主要内容。前句虽为被动语态,却以数词开始,突出了这个主要内容,使它非常醒目。第5页v英语新闻标题中动词表示被动语态时,被动语态结构“be+过去分词”形式中助动词“be”通常被省略,也经常不用“by”来引出动作执行者,剩下过去分词在标题里就可直接表示被动意义,读者切忌将之误解为该动词过去式。第6页vGirlof18RapedAfterThreatwithBreadKnife(AGirlof18IsRapedAfterThreatwithABreadKnife)v餐刀威逼下,18岁少女遭强暴vVanGoghsRecoveredafterTheft(=VanGoghsAreRecoveredafterthetheft)v梵高名画窃而复得vFatherJailedforMurderofDaughter(=FatherIsJailedfortheMurderofHisDaughter)v谋杀亲生女儿父亲锒铛入狱第7页新闻标题中未来时态通惯用不定式来表示vJapantofreeChinaboatcaptainvChinatobringbacktrawlercaptainbycharteredflight:FMspokespersonvJapantoReleaseChineseBoatCaptain第8页现在分词表示正在进行动作或事件现在分词表示正在进行动作或事件。对于正在进行或正在发生事情,事态,英文标题也用对于正在进行或正在发生事情,事态,英文标题也用进行时表示,但通常省去助动词进行时表示,但通常省去助动词“be”,直接用现在,直接用现在分词表示。分词表示。v比如:比如:vChinesevillagesnowimplementingdemocracyreformsvDeposits,LoansRisinginShanghai第9页标点符号标点符号v英语新闻标题一贯重视结构精练,并不使用全部标点符号。即便使用某个标点符号,其主要目标不外乎两种,一是区分表示各句子成份意群之间关系;二是意在深入节约标题字数。第10页逗号(comma)常被用来代替连词“and”vChinesepremier,U.S.presidentpledgetodeepenbilateralties(ChinesepremierandU.S.presidentpledgetodeepenbilateralties)v中国总理和美国总统承诺深化双边关系vGuangzhouFairCloses,TradeBooms(=TheGuangzhouFairClosedand theTradeBooms)v广交会闭幕交易兴旺第11页冒号(colon)除了用在引语之前表示“说”外,还经常被用来代替联络动词“be”vYeltsin:MuslimNationsCallforEndtoTensioninBosniaHergezervena)(YeltsinSaysThatMuslimNationsCallforanEndtotheTensioninBosniaHergezervena)v叶利钦说:穆斯林国家呼吁尽早结束波黑担心vShanghai:ResplendentPearlofNewChina(=ShanghaiIsaResplendentPearlofNewChina)v上海是中国一颗明珠。第12页破折号(dash)常被放置在不用引号引言前后,以引出说话者vEconomyGrowsSlowlyasUnemployment,InflationRise-Economists(=EconomistsSayThattheEconomyGrowsSlowlyastheUnemploymentandInflationRise)v经济学家认为:失业率及通胀加剧使经济增加vMalariamlriStillMenacesmenisvQuaterofHumanity-FrenchProfessorv(AFrenchProfessorSaysthatMalariaStillMenacesaQuateroftheHumanity)v法国一教授说:疟疾仍威胁着四分之一人类第13页简短小词简短小词v英语新闻标题总是力争用有限字数来表示新闻内容,为此,在措词上尤其要狠下功夫,选词尽可能经济达意、简短明了,偏爱选取那些短小精悍或字母最少动词。这是因为短小易懂、形象生动措词不但能增强新闻简练性和可读性,而且还能节约版面篇幅。第14页v如表示“损坏”一词意义动词,标题普通不用damage,而用一些较之简短词,如hit,harm,hurt,ruin或wreck等。v表示“放弃”这一概念动词,标题普通不用abandon,而用drop,giveup,quit,skip或yield等。v表示“爆炸”之类动词意义时,普通不用explode,而用blast,crash,ram或smash等词。第15页v简而言之,英语新闻标题大都喜欢选取字形简而言之,英语新闻标题大都喜欢选取字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛词。短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛词。vGuangdongGetsGoodHarvest(=GuangdongReapsaGoodHarvest)v广东喜获大丰收vUSHouseVotestoBackYeltsin(TheUSHouseVotestoSupportYeltsin)v美国国会投票支持叶利钦第16页v标题除偏爱使用短小动词外,还经常选取简短、字母数少名词或名词词组。如vaid=assistance(帮助)body=committee/commission(机构,委员会)ban=prohibit/forbid(禁止)end=terminate(结束,中止)nod=approval(同意,同意)poll=electionpoll/publicopinionpoll(选举民意调查、民意测验)talk=negotiation会谈,磋商。第17页vQuakeDeathTollMayTop(TheDeathTollintheEarthQuakeMayExceed)v地震死亡人数预计已逾两千vNewGroupsBoostHi-TechResearch(=NewGroupsPromoteHighTechnologyResearch)v新兴集团推进高新技术研究第18页缩略词缩略词(Aconym)v缩写词又称首字母缩略词,将几个词首字母加在一起合成一字,全部用大写字母拼成,从而代替一组冗长复杂词或词组。这么,既可节约版面标题词数,又能更加好地提醒新闻内容,使人读来颇感简练易记,还可使版面编排降低沉闷之感。第19页vCPPCCHeadMeetsReturnedOverseasStudentsinBeijingv(CPPCC=TheChinesePeoplesPoliticalConsultativeConference:中国人民政治协商会议)v全国政协主席在京接见归国留学生。第20页v联合国教科文组织:UNESCO=UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganizationv世界贸易组织:WTO=WorldTradeOrganizationv欧盟:EU=EuropeanUnionv亚太经合组织:APEC=TheAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationv北大西洋条约组织:NATO=NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationv国际货币基金组织:IMF=InternationalMonetaryFund常见缩略词第21页节缩词节缩词(Abbreviation)v节缩词,亦称简缩词,经过节缩词,亦称简缩词,经过“截头去尾截头去尾”方法将一些惯用名方法将一些惯用名词、形容词等截短或缩短,其宗旨一样是为了节约标题字数。词、形容词等截短或缩短,其宗旨一样是为了节约标题字数。如如graduate(毕业生)(毕业生)-grad;hospital(医院)(医院)-hosp;billion(十亿)(十亿)-bn;percent(百分比)(百分比)-pc;cigarette(香烟)(香烟)-cig。v WeeklyMagforStampLoverstoBeLaunchedMagmagazine(杂志)集邮周刊即将发行vNewGroupsBoostHi-TechResearchHiTechHighTechnology(高新技术)新兴集团推进高新技术研究vChineseGovtAdds43.9MlnUSDforQuakeRelief=TheChineseGovernmentAdds43.9MillionUSDollarsforQuakeRelief第22页vnukearm=nucleararm核武器vbiz=buziness商业vdoc=document文件vquake=earthquake地震第23页vYearBugUnstoppableforsomecompanies.计算机千年虫问题迫在眉睫。AmericanOnline:Oftendown,NeverOut.美国在线:屡挫不败。新词(neologism)第24页常见新词常见新词vsmog=smoke+fog烟雾vnewscast=newsbroadcast新闻报道vatobomb=atomictmik+bomb原子弹vstagflation=stagnationinflation滞胀vfruice=fruit+juice果汁vbraunch=breakfast+launch早午餐vReagonomics=Reagonseconomics里根经济政策第25页英语新闻标题翻译v直译或基本直译(literaltranslation)v假如英语新闻标题含义很明白清楚,英语表示方式与汉语完全或基本相同,直接翻译成汉语后中国读者不至于产生了解上困难时,能够采取直译或基本直译。但直译不能影响准确达意,不能破坏标题格调。比如:LookingBackToAhead回首往昔展望未来(直译)SpiritValentinesDayCanLastAllYear一年四季情人节(基本直译)vPutinFacesHarshPressCriticismOverTerrorv普京因恐怖事件受媒体严厉批评(直译)第26页v意译(freetranslation)v假如原英语新闻标题采取直译方法不能准确概括新闻内容,或不能如实表示作者意图,或者不合汉语表示习惯时,可依据情况适当采取意译,比如:SomeKidsAreOrchids:kid兰花兰花血案反思(意译,点明文章内容)BelievingTheBelievers人类信仰(意译,指明作者意图)第27页采取翻译权衡手法v增词使意义完整增词使意义完整英语新闻标题用词普通不多和英语标题倾向于对某一内容作“重点化”处理不求面面俱到这两点决定了其普通比较精炼简短。而汉语新闻标题追求“全方面性”和汉语一词一意,使得汉语标题用词相对较多。所以,在汉译标题时,可以结合汉语新闻标题特点,适当增加一些词语,使标题形式愈加趋于汉语化,意义更趋完整,比如:vOlder,Wiser,Calmer人愈老人愈老,智愈高智愈高,心愈平心愈平v这条新闻聚焦于当今老龄化社会,尤其是老人们退休以后在处理各种问题时表现出来睿智和冷静。若按照原文逐字翻译成“更老,更明智,更冷静”就不如增加“人”、“智”、“心”三字意义愈加明确,句式愈加整齐,愈加符合中国读者阅读习惯了。第28页v减词v减词法目标有三:一是尽可能减去原标题中虚词、代词、系动词等以求语言简练;二是省略标题中次要信息,以求突出关键信息,同时也符合汉语标题考究含蓄地特点。比如:TheBattleOfHumanVersusComputerAtChess人机象棋大战vMyHusbandIsAManInAWomansWorld泡在女人堆里男人第29页v表达原文修辞特点假如英语标题寓意于某种修辞伎俩,如双关、比喻、押韵等,翻译成汉语之后中国读者也能一样感受得到,则尽可能表达原标题修辞特点,不能保持原修辞格时,可换用其它修辞格或采取意译。vCourageKnowsNoGender(拟人)勇气不分男女(意译)AfterTheBoom,EverythingIsGloom(押韵)繁荣好景不再,萧条接踵而来(保持原修辞格)MiddleEast:ACradlekreidlOfTerror(比喻)中东:恐怖主义摇篮(保持原修辞格)SoccerKicksOffViolence(双关)足球开踢拳打脚踢(保持原修辞格)第30页v发挥汉语优势v在汉译标题时可适当采取对仗、押韵、成语甚至文言用语,是标题翻译愈加出彩,比如:vItTakesDeterminationToCompleteOneOfTheWorldsToughestCarRallies只要意志坚,不怕征途远(对仗)SavingTimeForARainyDay储蓄劳务,未雨绸缪(四字成语)SteppingUpToTheFiringLine载人难,难于上青天(夸大,套用诗句)OpportunitiesKnows-ButAtACost学习还是盈利,是个问题(套用名句)第31页DeathtollfromtyphooninsouthernChinarisesto54第32页vFloodingandlandslidestriggeredbyTyphoonFanapihavenowkilled54peopleandleftatleast42missinginsouthernChina,statemediasaid.vGuangdongprovinceexperienceditsheaviestrainsinacenturyasthetyphoonmovedslowlywestwardsaftermakinglandfall着陆onMonday.vMorethan78,000peopleinlow-lyingareaswereevacuatedivkjueit疏散疏散andonemillionaffected,officialssaid.第33页vMeteorologists.mi:tjrldist气象学家气象学家saythetyphoonisthestrongesttohavehitChinathisyear.vTheChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA)hasforecastmoreheavyortorrentialtrenl猛烈rainsforpartsofcentralandwesternpartsofGuangdong.vStrandedstrndid搁浅搁浅,进退两难进退两难vAllofthedeadwerefromGuangdongprovince,wheresomeareashadreportedrainfallofmorethan640mm(25in)overtheprevious24hours,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency.第34页vSubsequentfloodingandlandslideshaddestroyedmorethan1,400homesandinundatedinndeitid淹没morethan30,000hectareshekt:公顷公顷ofcropland,itadded.vEconomiclosseswereestimatedatabout2bnyuan($298m).vHeavyraincutofftrafficandcommunicationsinthethreeworst-hitcitiesofGaozhou,XinyiandYangchun,saidHeGuoqing,deputychiefofthefloodcontrolheadquarters.第35页vReliefteamshadbeensenttothecitiestohelpthethousandsofpeoplebelievedtobestrandedthere,MrHeadded.vXinhuasaidthedeadincludedfivepeoplekilledwhenadamattheXinyiYinyantinmineinXinyicitywashitbyalandslideandcollapsed.vInsouthernTaiwan,twopeoplediedafterTyphoonFanapicausedflashfloods.Tensofmillionsofdollarsofdamagewasdone.第36页ChinahitsoutoveryuancriticismvPremierWensaidhebelievedthetradedisputesbetweenChinaandtheUScouldberesolved第37页vChinesepremierWenJiabaohashitoutatcriticsofChinascurrencypolicy.vTheUShasthreatenedtopenalisepi:nlaiz处罚处罚vChina,accusingitofdeliberatelyundervaluingtheyuantogiveitscompaniesanunfairtradeadvantage.vButMrWentoldUSbusinessleadersthattheyuansexchangeratehadnorelationtotheUStradedeficitdefisit赤字赤字withChinaandshouldnotbepoliticised.vPrimeMinisterWenmetUSPresidentBarackObamainNewYorkonThursday.第38页vHoweverbothmensteeredclearofarowoverBeijingscurrencypolicy,withPresidentObamasayingthatUS-Chinacooperationhadhelpedeaseglobalfinancialturmoilt:mil骚动骚动,混乱混乱.vCurrencybillvInaspeechonthesidelinesofaUnitedNationsglobalsummit,MrWensaidtheconditionsforamajorappreciationoftherenminbiyuandonotexist.vThemainreasonfortheUStradedeficitwithChinaisnottherenminbiexchangerate,butthestructureoftradeandinvestmentbetweenthetwocountries.第39页vAHouseofRepresentativescommitteeissettovoteonFridayonaChinacurrencybillthatwouldpunishChinaifitdoesnotdomoretolettheyuanrise.vThefullHouseisexpectedtovoteonitnextweek,accordingtoaDemocraticaide.v“ItistimeforCongresstopasslegislationthatwillgivetheadministrationleveragelevrid杠杆杠杆initsbilateralandmultilateralnegotiationswiththeChinesegovernment,HouseSpeakerNancyPelosisaidonWednesday.第40页vEarlierthisweek,PresidentObamasaidChinascurrencywasvaluedlowerthanmarketconditionswouldsayitshouldbe.vSoitgivesthemanadvantageintrade.Wearegoingtocontinuetoinsistthatonthisissue,andonalltradeissuesbetweenusandChina,thatitsatwo-waystreet.vTradedisputesvCurrencyisnottheonlypointoftensionbetweenChinaandtheUS.第41页vBeijinghasalsowarnedtheUSnottointerfereinaterritorial.terit:ril领领土土disputeoverclaimstotheSouthChinaSea,whileChinaisalsoangryoverUSarmssalestoitsrivalTaiwan.vButMrWensaid:IfullybelievethatallthedisputesandfrictioninChina-UStradeatthemomentcanberesolved.vHeaddedthatChinawantedastrongandstableUS,justastheUSneedsastrong,stableChina.第42页