非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词(课堂PPT).ppt

Grammar非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词1分词：分词：Participles一一分词的概述分词的概述1.分词是分词是“非谓语动词非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词（在分词（PresentParticiple）和过去分词（）和过去分词（PastParticiple）。）。2.现在分词：现在分词：doing过去分词：过去分词：done3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语表语、定语状语和宾语补足语表语、定语状语和宾语补足语表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。2现在分词与过去分词的区别：现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierkilledinthewarwasadoctor.2.时态上：时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developingcountry发展中国家发展中国家Developedcountry发达国家发达国家boilingwater正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水boiledwater已经烧开了的水已经烧开了的水3二、分词的作用二、分词的作用1、作定语、作定语 分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。称为后置定语。（1）前置定语）前置定语Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。坐在坐在John和和Mary之间的那个年轻男人是校园新闻报的编辑。之间的那个年轻男人是校园新闻报的编辑。4（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：相当于一个定语从句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere.(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.）想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.5（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）（既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleaves落下的树叶落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所说的真令人鼓舞。你所说的真令人鼓舞。63、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。我们发现小孩睡着了。A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.7现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别4、作状语、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Whenweseefromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.Whenthefactoryisseenfromthetopofthetower,theFactorylooksbeautiful.Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.8Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.9Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.10Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.11They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.And/When they were singing and laughing12To serve the people well,I study hard.In order that I can serve the people well13判断下列句子正误并改正：判断下列句子正误并改正：1.To learn English well,a lot of practice must be done.2.Seeing from the hill,the city is more beautiful.3.Heating,water will boil.4.Getting there,the door was found opened.SeenHeatedwe found the door open.We must do a lot of practice.14将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：短语作状语：1.Because she was moved by the hero,she decided to study harder.152.When he found the door locked,he went home.16He started early in order that he could get there on time.to get there on time17将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1.Not knowing her address,I cant write to her.2.Entering the room,I saw a strange sight.3,Scolded by the teacher,he was very sad.Because I dont know her address,I cant write to her.When I entered the room,I saw a strange sight.After he was scolded by the teacher,he was very sad.184.Not knowing where to go,he asked a policeman.5.Hearing her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.6.Knowing his team had won,he became happy at once.When she had heard her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.Because he didnt know where to go,he asked a policeman.After he knew his team had won,he became happy at once.19 HomeworkGo over the notes you just took.20Bye-bye!21