非谓语动词幻灯片.ppt

非谓语动词非谓语动词（一）动词不定式（一）动词不定式熟读深思熟读深思思考下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分，并注意思考下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分，并注意常用的不定式有哪几种形式。常用的不定式有哪几种形式。1.He seemed 1.He seemed to be sleeping to be sleeping.他好像在睡觉。他好像在睡觉。2.There are all kinds of difficulties 2.There are all kinds of difficulties to be to be overcome overcome.有各种各样的困难要克服。有各种各样的困难要克服。3.I3.Id like d like to make a suggestion to make a suggestion.我想提一我想提一 个建议。个建议。14.It is of great benefit for all of us 4.It is of great benefit for all of us to to do morning exercises every day do morning exercises every day.每天做早操每天做早操 对我们大家都有益。对我们大家都有益。5.He feels it a duty 5.He feels it a duty to help the disabled to help the disabled in the community in the community.他感到有义务帮助社会中的他感到有义务帮助社会中的 残疾人。残疾人。6.I want this letter 6.I want this letter to be opened nowto be opened now!我想我想 现在就将信拆开！现在就将信拆开！7.Mary often goes back to her hometown 7.Mary often goes back to her hometown to to visit her grandparents visit her grandparents.玛丽常常回家乡看望玛丽常常回家乡看望 她的祖父祖母。她的祖父祖母。8.I often hear her 8.I often hear her sing in Englishsing in English.(.(比较：比较：She is often heard She is often heard to sing in Englishto sing in English.).)我我 经常听到她用英语唱歌。经常听到她用英语唱歌。2归纳总结归纳总结一、不定式的时态一、不定式的时态1.1.不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词表不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词表 示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。2.2.不定式的进行时表示的动作与谓语动词表示的不定式的进行时表示的动作与谓语动词表示的 动作同时发生。动作同时发生。3.3.不定式的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词动不定式的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词动 作之前。作之前。3二、不定式的语态二、不定式的语态1.1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上 的主谓关系时，常用不定式的主动形式；不定的主谓关系时，常用不定式的主动形式；不定 式和它修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关式和它修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关 系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式用主动形式；不定式作表语形容词的状不定式用主动形式；不定式作表语形容词的状 语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定 式用主动形式。式用主动形式。2.2.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的 承受者时，一般用不定式的被动语态。承受者时，一般用不定式的被动语态。4三、不定式符号三、不定式符号toto省略的若干场合省略的若干场合1.1.感官动词感官动词see,hear,notice,watch,observe,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,feel,look at,listen to feel,look at,listen to和使役动词和使役动词 have,make,lethave,make,let等后接不定式作宾补时，必须省等后接不定式作宾补时，必须省 略不定式符号略不定式符号toto；但在被动语态中则须加上；但在被动语态中则须加上to to （letlet除外）。除外）。2.2.在介词在介词but,exceptbut,except等表示等表示“除了除了”之意的之意的 词前，若有实义动词词前，若有实义动词dodo，介词后作宾语的不定，介词后作宾语的不定 式常省略式常省略toto；若无；若无dodo，则，则toto不能省略。不能省略。53.3.两个或两个以上的不定式由连词两个或两个以上的不定式由连词and,orand,or或或butbut连连 接时，从第二个不定式开始往往省略接时，从第二个不定式开始往往省略toto；但如；但如 果表示强调对比之意，则不省略。果表示强调对比之意，则不省略。4.4.含有含有dodo的名词性从句作句子的主语，或者是的名词性从句作句子的主语，或者是 “all+all+定语从句定语从句”作主语时，其后作表语的不作主语时，其后作表语的不 定式可以带定式可以带toto，也可以不带，也可以不带toto；充当其他成分；充当其他成分 时，不定式要带时，不定式要带toto。6（二）动词的（二）动词的-ing-ing形式形式熟读深思熟读深思熟读以下各句，注意画线部分的不同形式，并思熟读以下各句，注意画线部分的不同形式，并思考：考：动词动词-ing-ing有哪几种构成形式？有哪几种构成形式？动词动词-ing-ing在句中可作哪些句子成分？在句中可作哪些句子成分？动词动词-ing-ing形式还像谓语动词一样可以带宾语或形式还像谓语动词一样可以带宾语或状语吗？状语吗？1.1.Learning Learning is important to modern life.is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。学习对现代生活很重要。2.The problem is quite 2.The problem is quite puzzlingpuzzling.这个问题很这个问题很 令人困惑。令人困惑。73.I suggest 3.I suggest doing it in a different waydoing it in a different way.我我 建议用另一种方法做这件事。建议用另一种方法做这件事。4.The TV set needs 4.The TV set needs repairingrepairing.这台电视机需要这台电视机需要 修理。修理。5.I heard of 5.I heard of his having been chosen to be his having been chosen to be the coach of the team the coach of the team.我听说他被选为球队我听说他被选为球队 的教练。的教练。6.The question 6.The question being discussedbeing discussed is very is very important.important.正在讨论的问题很重要。正在讨论的问题很重要。7.They went out of the classroom,7.They went out of the classroom,talkingtalking and laughingand laughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。他们有说有笑地走出教室。88.8.Having been shown Having been shown around the lab,we were around the lab,we were taken to see the school library.taken to see the school library.在被带去在被带去 看了实验室之后看了实验室之后,我们又被带去参观校图书馆。我们又被带去参观校图书馆。9.I felt my heart 9.I felt my heart beatingbeating violently.violently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。10.10.His not comingHis not coming made everyone present made everyone present very disappointed.very disappointed.他没来，使在场的每个人他没来，使在场的每个人 都很失望。都很失望。11.11.Not having studied Not having studied his lessons very his lessons very hard,he failed the examinations.hard,he failed the examinations.因为没有因为没有 努力学习功课，他考试不及格。努力学习功课，他考试不及格。9归纳总结归纳总结1.1.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构 词所有格或形容词性物主代词后加动名词，构词所有格或形容词性物主代词后加动名词，构 成动名词的复合结构。名词所有格或物主代词成动名词的复合结构。名词所有格或物主代词 即为动名词的逻辑主语，动名词复合结构常在即为动名词的逻辑主语，动名词复合结构常在 句中作主语或宾语。句中作主语或宾语。I donI dont like Tomt like Toms(Tom)smoking in the s(Tom)smoking in the office.office.我不喜欢汤姆在办公室吸烟。我不喜欢汤姆在办公室吸烟。His coming late for class made the His coming late for class made the teacher very angry.teacher very angry.他上课迟到，使得老师很生气。他上课迟到，使得老师很生气。102.2.只接动名词或不定式作宾语的动词只接动名词或不定式作宾语的动词 （1 1）下列动词只接不定式作宾语：）下列动词只接不定式作宾语：afford,afford,agree,decide,determine,expect,hope,agree,decide,determine,expect,hope,manage,refuse,want,believe,wish,offer,manage,refuse,want,believe,wish,offer,pretend,promise,care,choose,demand,pretend,promise,care,choose,demand,fail,long,arrange fail,long,arrange等。等。（2 2）下列动词（短语）常接动名词作宾语：）下列动词（短语）常接动名词作宾语：advise,admit,appreciate,avoid,canadvise,admit,appreciate,avoid,cant t help,consider,delay,excuse,enjoy,escape,help,consider,delay,excuse,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep(on),mind,practise,finish,imagine,keep(on),mind,practise,suggest,understand,miss,give up,insist suggest,understand,miss,give up,insist on,think of,dream of,hear of,depend on,on,think of,dream of,hear of,depend on,11 feel like,devote.to,get used to,can feel like,devote.to,get used to,cant t stand,look forward to,have difficulty stand,look forward to,have difficulty in,be fond of,be proud of,object to,set in,be fond of,be proud of,object to,set about,thank for,put off about,thank for,put off等。等。（3 3）下列动词可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾）下列动词可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾 语，意义区别不大。如语，意义区别不大。如begin,continue,like,begin,continue,like,love,prefer,start,hate love,prefer,start,hate等。等。12 （4 4）下列动词可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾）下列动词可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾 语，但意义明显有别：语，但意义明显有别：to do sth.to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）忘记去做某事（未做）doing sth.doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）忘记做过某事（已做）to do sth.to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾对即将做的事表示遗憾 （未做）（未做）doing sth.doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔（已对做过的事表示后悔（已 做）做）to do sth.to do sth.尽力去做某事尽力去做某事 doing sth.doing sth.试着做某事试着做某事 forgetforgetregretregrettrytry13 to do sth.to do sth.做完一件事，继续做另一件事做完一件事，继续做另一件事 doing sth.doing sth.继续做原来做的那件事继续做原来做的那件事 to do sth.to do sth.记着去做某事（未做）记着去做某事（未做）doing sth.doing sth.记着做了某事（已做）记着做了某事（已做）to do sth.to do sth.打算做某事打算做某事 doing sth.doing sth.意味着做某事意味着做某事 go ongo onrememberremembermeanmean14 （5 5）作）作“需要需要”讲的讲的need,want,requireneed,want,require可接动可接动 名词也可接不定式作宾语，其意义没有区别，名词也可接不定式作宾语，其意义没有区别，但接动名词时用主动形式，接不定式时用被动但接动名词时用主动形式，接不定式时用被动 形式。形式。My computer needs repairing/to be My computer needs repairing/to be repaired.repaired.我的电脑需要维修。我的电脑需要维修。153.3.现在分词现在分词:现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作:（1 1）定语）定语:单个的现在分词作定语一般放于被修单个的现在分词作定语一般放于被修 饰的名词前饰的名词前,现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰 的名词后的名词后,现在分词及现在分词短语作定语时均现在分词及现在分词短语作定语时均 可以发展成为一个定语从句。可以发展成为一个定语从句。（2 2）状语）状语:现在分词作状语可表示时间、条件、现在分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随，现在分词作状语可分为原因、让步、伴随，现在分词作状语可分为:一一 般式般式(doing),(doing),表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发 生生;完成式完成式(having done),(having done),表示分词动作发生于表示分词动作发生于 谓语动作之前。谓语动作之前。16 （3 3）宾语补足语）宾语补足语:现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语,表示表示 宾语的一个正在进行的动作宾语的一个正在进行的动作,用于此结构的动词用于此结构的动词 有感官动词有感官动词see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch,see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch,feel,observe,look at,listen to feel,observe,look at,listen to等等;使役动词使役动词 have,gethave,get和其他动词和其他动词 catch,leave,set,catch,leave,set,send,keep send,keep等。等。DonDont leave him waiting outside in the t leave him waiting outside in the rain.rain.别让他在外面雨里等着。别让他在外面雨里等着。17 （4 4）表语）表语:现在分词作表语现在分词作表语,表示主语的特点表示主语的特点,可可 以看作形容词以看作形容词,是形容词化的现在分词。常用作是形容词化的现在分词。常用作 表语的现在分词有表语的现在分词有:interesting,amusing,:interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,encouraging inspiring,encouraging等。等。（5 5）独立结构）独立结构:现在分词短语作独立结构时现在分词短语作独立结构时,是是 固定说法固定说法,不以主动、被动去分析。常见的不以主动、被动去分析。常见的 有有:generally speaking,judging from/by,:generally speaking,judging from/by,considering,speaking of considering,speaking of 等。等。Generally speaking,he is quite skillful Generally speaking,he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.at playing table tennis.一般来说，他打乒乓球很有技巧。一般来说，他打乒乓球很有技巧。18（三）动词的（三）动词的-ed-ed形式形式熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列各句，思考动词熟读下列各句，思考动词-ed-ed形式的用法。形式的用法。1.Hearing the news,he 1.Hearing the news,he looked disappointedlooked disappointed.听到这个消息，他看起来很失望。听到这个消息，他看起来很失望。2.The boss 2.The boss felt satisfiedfelt satisfied with her with her performance.performance.老板对她的表现很满意。老板对她的表现很满意。3.3.All the broken desksAll the broken desks(=All the desks that(=All the desks that were broken)have been repaired.were broken)have been repaired.所有坏了所有坏了 的桌子都已修好了。的桌子都已修好了。194.We have read many novels 4.We have read many novels written(=whichwritten(=which were written)by this authorwere written)by this author.我们已读了这我们已读了这 个作者写的很多部小说。个作者写的很多部小说。5.5.Confused(=As he was confused)by the Confused(=As he was confused)by the problem problem,he decided to turn to his teacher,he decided to turn to his teacher for help.for help.对这个问题感到困惑，他决定向老师对这个问题感到困惑，他决定向老师 求助。求助。6.6.Seen(=When it is seen)from aboveSeen(=When it is seen)from above,the,the stadium looks like a bird nest.stadium looks like a bird nest.从高处看，从高处看，体育馆好像一个鸟巢。体育馆好像一个鸟巢。7.I heard 7.I heard the song sungthe song sung in English.in English.我听到有我听到有 人用英语唱过这首歌。人用英语唱过这首歌。8.Peter got 8.Peter got his bad tooth pulledhis bad tooth pulled out in the out in the hospital.hospital.皮特在医院把坏牙拔了。皮特在医院把坏牙拔了。20 归纳总结归纳总结 过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作:1.1.定语定语:单一的过去分词作定语一般放于被修单一的过去分词作定语一般放于被修 饰的名词前饰的名词前,过去分词短语作定语放于被修饰的过去分词短语作定语放于被修饰的 名词后名词后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以 发展为一个定语从句。发展为一个定语从句。The broken window(=The window which was The broken window(=The window which was broken)will be replaced soon.broken)will be replaced soon.坏窗户将很快被换上。坏窗户将很快被换上。21 2.2.状语状语:过去分词短语作状语可分为过去分词短语作状语可分为:一般式一般式 (done):(done):表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分 词动作发生于谓语动作前词动作发生于谓语动作前;完成式完成式(having been(having been done):done):强调分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。强调分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。Scolded by the teacher,the girl sat there Scolded by the teacher,the girl sat there without lifting her head.(without lifting her head.(原因原因)被老师训斥后，那女孩坐在那里低着头。被老师训斥后，那女孩坐在那里低着头。3.3.宾语补足语宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语,表示宾表示宾 语与补足语存在被动关系语与补足语存在被动关系,用于此结构的动词有用于此结构的动词有 感官动词感官动词 see,hear,feel,notice,find,see,hear,feel,notice,find,22 watch,feel,observe,look at,listen to watch,feel,observe,look at,listen to等等;使使 役动词役动词 have,get,make,lethave,get,make,let和其他动词和其他动词 catch,catch,leave,want,wish,like leave,want,wish,like等。等。She was glad to see her children well She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.taken care of in the nursery.看到她的孩子在托儿所被照顾的很好，她很高兴。看到她的孩子在托儿所被照顾的很好，她很高兴。23 4.4.表语表语:过去分词作表语过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态表示主语的状态,且且 该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分 词可以被看作一个形容词词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分是形容词化的过去分 词。常用在句中作表语的过去分词有词。常用在句中作表语的过去分词有:used,:used,closed,covered,interested,followed,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected unexpected等。系动词有等。系动词有be,feel,get,be,feel,get,remain,stay remain,stay等。等。24试题精选试题精选1.1.as the as the“first lady of speechfirst lady of speech”，Dr.Lillian Glass is recognized as one of Dr.Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world the worlds leading experts on s leading experts on communication munication skills.A.Knowing A.KnowingB.Having knownB.Having known C.Known C.KnownD.To be knownD.To be known 解析解析 该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。根据句意及句子结构可知根据句意及句子结构可知,句子的主语句子的主语Dr.Dr.Lillian Glass Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语实际上就是选项动词的主语,相相 当于当于As she is known as.As she is known as.引导的原因状语从引导的原因状语从 句句,为被动结构为被动结构,故选过去分词故选过去分词knownknown。C252.2.Why do you look sadWhy do you look sad？There are so many problems There are so many problems .A.remaining to settle A.remaining to settle B.remained settling B.remained settling C.remaining to be settled C.remaining to be settled D.remained to be settled D.remained to be settled 解析解析 remain remain 在在There beThere be结构中用作后置定结构中用作后置定 语语,由于由于remainremain是不及物动词是不及物动词,故应用现在分词故应用现在分词 remaining,remaining,相当于定语从句相当于定语从句that remains;that remains;动词动词 settlesettle置于置于remainremain之后之后,应用动词不定式的被动应用动词不定式的被动 结构来表示动作还未完成。结构来表示动作还未完成。C263.At the end of 2006,there were around 3.At the end of 2006,there were around 7,000 foreign printing companies in 7,000 foreign printing companies in China,China,up around 4 percent of the national up around 4 percent of the national total.total.A.made A.madeB.to makeB.to make C.making C.makingD.having madeD.having made 解析解析 该句考查分词在句中用作结果状语。该句考查分词在句中用作结果状语。make upmake up为及物动词短语为及物动词短语,在前一分句动作之后在前一分句动作之后发生发生,根据句意根据句意,表示主动表示主动,故应选故应选makingmaking用作结用作结果状语果状语,相当于并列句相当于并列句and it madeand it made或定语从句或定语从句which madewhich made句型结构。句型结构。C274.4.The English exam is not difficult,is The English exam is not difficult,is itit？.Even Tom.Even Tom to the top students to the top students failed in it.failed in it.A.Yes;belongs A.Yes;belongsB.No;belongedB.No;belonged C.Yes;belonging C.Yes;belongingD.No;belongingD.No;belonging 解析解析 根据答句句意根据答句句意“甚至最好的学生汤姆考甚至最好的学生汤姆考 试也失败了试也失败了”可知可知,第一空应选第一空应选Yes,(it is)Yes,(it is)意意 为为“不不,英语考试很难英语考试很难”;第二空选项动词第二空选项动词 belongbelong与与toto构成不及物动词短语构成不及物动词短语,在句中用作定在句中用作定 语语,故应选现在分词故应选现在分词belonging,belonging,相当于定语从句相当于定语从句 who belongs to.,who belongs to.,注意句子的主干为注意句子的主干为Even Even Tom failed in it Tom failed in it。C285.5.We didnWe didnt find the Blacks t find the Blacks the the lecture.lecture.No one had told them about No one had told them about a a lecture the following day.lecture the following day.A.to attend;there to be A.to attend;there to be B.attending;there being B.attending;there being C.attended;there be C.attended;there be D.attend;there was D.attend;there was 解析解析 第一空动词第一空动词attendattend为及物动词为及物动词,表主动表主动,根据感官动词根据感官动词findfind所跟复合结构所跟复合结构,不可使用不可使用to to attend,attend,过去分词过去分词attendedattended表被动表被动,意义也不成意义也不成 立立,可选用可选用attendingattending或或attend,attend,但根据句意但根据句意,此此 处强调状态处强调状态,故故attendingattending现在分词为最佳选项现在分词为最佳选项;第二空介词第二空介词aboutabout后应使用动名词形式后应使用动名词形式there there being being。B296.Only 6.Only according to the directions can according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.the medicine be quite effective.A.taking A.takingB.takenB.taken C.being taken C.being takenD.having been takenD.having been taken 解析解析 根据句意可知根据句意可知,选项动词的逻辑主语选项动词的逻辑主语the the medicine medicine与动词与动词taketake之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,实际上相实际上相 当于一个时间状语从句当于一个时间状语从句Only when it is Only when it is taken.taken.结构结构,故应选故应选takentaken在句中作状语。在句中作状语。B307.The man we followed suddenly stopped and 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if looked as if whether he was going in whether he was going in the right direction.the right direction.A.seeing A.seeingB.having seenB.having seen C.to see C.to seeD.to have seenD.to have seen 解析解析 当当as ifas if后面直接跟一个动词时后面直接跟一个动词时,常使用常使用 不定式不定式to doto do来表示目的来表示目的,相当于相当于as if he were as if he were (was)to do sth.(was)to do sth.说明动作的未完成性。说明动作的未完成性。C318.8.Is there any possibility of the film Is there any possibility of the film in Paris International Festival in Paris International Festival？Not in the least,because the audience Not in the least,be