英译汉的层次句子翻译市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

1第1页2Content三大从句三大从句长句长句被动句被动句第2页3三大从句翻译方法三大从句翻译方法名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句第3页4 what,how,whether,that,where,whenwhat,how,whether,that,where,when(1)(1)主语从句译法主语从句译法主语从句译法主语从句译法(2)(2)表语从句译法表语从句译法表语从句译法表语从句译法(3)(3)宾语从句译法宾语从句译法宾语从句译法宾语从句译法(4)(4)同位语从句译法同位语从句译法同位语从句译法同位语从句译法主语从句和后面成份都不长主语从句和后面成份都不长主语从句和后面成份都不长主语从句和后面成份都不长,次序法次序法次序法次序法主语长，其它成份短主语长，其它成份短主语长，其它成份短主语长，其它成份短,逆译法逆译法逆译法逆译法二者长度相当且都较长二者长度相当且都较长二者长度相当且都较长二者长度相当且都较长,分译法分译法分译法分译法顺译法顺译法顺译法顺译法在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开处理成含处理成含处理成含处理成含“”字结构定语字结构定语字结构定语字结构定语分译法分译法分译法分译法名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句第4页5What引导引导eg:【What was once regarded as impossible】has now become a reality.现在已经成为现实。现在已经成为现实。when引导引导eg:【When we will begin to work】has not been decided yet.开始工作还没决定呢。开始工作还没决定呢。过去认为不可能事过去认为不可能事什么时候什么时候第5页6how引导引导eg:I dont know【how to do】.我不知道我不知道 。That was【how they were defeated】.他们就是他们就是 。where 引导引导Eg:Thats【where we differ】.这就是我们分歧这就是我们分歧 。该怎样做该怎样做这么给打败这么给打败所在所在第6页7whether引导引导eg:It isnt much【whether he works】；the question is【whether he works at all】.他干多少并不主要，问题是他他干多少并不主要，问题是他 。I wonder【whether he will come in such a bad day】.我不知道在这么天气里他我不知道在这么天气里他 。that引导引导eg:【That you have done such a stupid thing】was incredible.你竟然做这么傻事情，（你竟然做这么傻事情，（这这）真叫人难以置信。）真叫人难以置信。到底有没有干到底有没有干是不是能来是不是能来第7页8定语从句定语从句1.1.翻译为前置定语翻译为前置定语This is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan.这就是这就是我不赞成修改计划我不赞成修改计划原因原因。He is wisest who is honest.He is wisest who is honest.老实老实老实老实人最聪明。人最聪明。人最聪明。人最聪明。All is not gold that glitters.All is not gold that glitters.发光发光发光发光不都是金子。不都是金子。不都是金子。不都是金子。第8页92.2.翻译为独立并列分句翻译为独立并列分句(保留或省略保留或省略先行词）先行词）He received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.他接到那封信，他接到那封信，说你叔叔逝世了。说你叔叔逝世了。I told the story to John,who told it I told the story to John,who told it to his brother.to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，他把这件事告诉了约翰，他把这件事告诉了约翰，他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他弟约翰又告诉了他弟约翰又告诉了他弟约翰又告诉了他弟弟弟弟弟。第9页103.3.融正当融正当 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有些人要见你楼下有些人要见你楼下有些人要见你楼下有些人要见你。There was【a man who seems to have the answers】,and that was Mr.Robert.有一个人似乎胸有成竹有一个人似乎胸有成竹，那就是罗伯特先生。，那就是罗伯特先生。第10页114.译成原因、结果、让步、目标、译成原因、结果、让步、目标、条件状语从句条件状语从句The thief who was about to escape was caught by the police.小偷要跑时小偷要跑时，被警察抓住了。（时间），被警察抓住了。（时间）We support the open trade system which is to the ultimate advantage of all.我们支持开放贸易制度，我们支持开放贸易制度，（因为）它最终（因为）它最终对大家都有好处对大家都有好处。（原因）。（原因）第11页12There are something original,independent,and heroic about the plan that please them all.这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以使全部些人都很喜欢它所以使全部些人都很喜欢它。（果）。（果）Those who are in favour please hold up their hands.（凡）赞成（凡）赞成，请举手。，请举手。(条件、假设条件、假设)She was very patient towards the children,She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很有耐心，她对孩子们很有耐心，她对孩子们很有耐心，她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却极少这么而她丈夫却极少这么而她丈夫却极少这么而她丈夫却极少这么。（转折）。（转折）。（转折）。（转折）第12页131.He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦人不知道什么是甜。没有吃过苦人不知道什么是甜。2.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索新领域。太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索新领域。3.In our factory,there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新创造很感兴趣。在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新创造很感兴趣。Assignments第13页144.A driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded.司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。5.He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.为了引发公众对这一事件注意，他想写一篇文章。为了引发公众对这一事件注意，他想写一篇文章。6.The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor.太阳整天都躲在云层里，现在露面了，光芒四射。太阳整天都躲在云层里，现在露面了，光芒四射。7.He insisted buying another car,which he had no use for.他坚持再买一辆车，尽管没有这个必要。他坚持再买一辆车，尽管没有这个必要。第14页15状语从句状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句第15页16对于状语从句翻译，普通情况下按正常语对于状语从句翻译，普通情况下按正常语序翻译。在翻译中连词能省略就省略。序翻译。在翻译中连词能省略就省略。He must be ill,for he is absent.他必定是病了，他必定是病了，因为他没来因为他没来。他没来，他没来，必定是病了必定是病了。When we were about to get away,a police car came to the front door.当我们正要离开时候当我们正要离开时候，一辆警车来到了前门。，一辆警车来到了前门。我们正要离开我们正要离开，一辆警车来到了前门。，一辆警车来到了前门。第16页17特殊状语从句特殊状语从句1.Before引导引导2.Though引导引导3.Because引导引导4.Until 引导引导第17页181.Before引导引导 Be a pupil before you become a teacher.做先生之前做先生之前，先做学生。，先做学生。先做学生先做学生，再做先生。，再做先生。Before I could say a single word,he ran away.在我能说一句话之前在我能说一句话之前，他跑掉了。，他跑掉了。我连一句话也没来得及说我连一句话也没来得及说他就跑了。他就跑了。第18页192Though引导引导Though the task was difficult,they managed to accomplish it in time.即使任务艰巨即使任务艰巨，他们还是设法及时完成，他们还是设法及时完成了。了。He was old and poor,though he was happy.他又老又穷，他又老又穷，但过得却快活但过得却快活。第19页203Because引导引导 I didnt go because I was afraid。我我因为害怕因为害怕没去。没去。我我不是因为不是因为害怕才去。害怕才去。He cannot go to school because he is sick 他他因为生病因为生病不能上学。不能上学。第20页21Until 引导引导I didnt go back until 10 oclock。我我直到直到10点才点才回去。回去。I waited for you until 10 oclock。我等你我等你等到十点为止等到十点为止。第21页22英语长句翻译英语长句翻译一、英语长句分析一、英语长句分析 普通来说普通来说,造成长句原因有三方面造成长句原因有三方面:(1)修饰语过多修饰语过多;(2)并列成份多并列成份多;(3)语言结语言结构层次多。构层次多。第22页23在分析长句时能够采取下面方法在分析长句时能够采取下面方法:(1)找出全句主语、谓语和宾语找出全句主语、谓语和宾语,从整体上把握句从整体上把握句子结构。子结构。(2)找出句中全部谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短找出句中全部谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句引导词。语和从句引导词。(3)分析从句和短语功效分析从句和短语功效,比如比如,是否为主语从句是否为主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句等表语从句等,若是状语若是状语,它是表示时间、原它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。(4)分析词、短语和从句之间相互关系分析词、短语和从句之间相互关系,比如比如,定语定语从句所修饰先行词是哪一个等。从句所修饰先行词是哪一个等。(5)注意插入语等其它成份。注意插入语等其它成份。(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。第23页24例例1.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.行为主义者认为行为主义者认为,假如儿童成长环境里有假如儿童成长环境里有许多刺激原因许多刺激原因,这些原因又有利于其适当这些原因又有利于其适当反应能力发展反应能力发展,那么那么,儿童智力就会发展儿童智力就会发展到较高水平。到较高水平。第24页25例例例例2.For a family of four,for example,2.For a family of four,for example,it is more convenient as well as cheaperit is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home,with almost to sit comfortably at home,with almost unlimited entertainment available,unlimited entertainment available,thanthan to go out in search of amusement to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.elsewhere.譬如譬如譬如譬如,对于一个四口之家来说对于一个四口之家来说对于一个四口之家来说对于一个四口之家来说,舒舒适服地在舒舒适服地在舒舒适服地在舒舒适服地在家中看电视家中看电视家中看电视家中看电视,就能看到几乎数不清娱乐节目就能看到几乎数不清娱乐节目就能看到几乎数不清娱乐节目就能看到几乎数不清娱乐节目,这比到外面别地方去消遣又廉价又方便。这比到外面别地方去消遣又廉价又方便。这比到外面别地方去消遣又廉价又方便。这比到外面别地方去消遣又廉价又方便。第25页26二、长句翻译方法二、长句翻译方法(1)次序法次序法例例1.Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时,电仍在为我电仍在为我们工作们工作:帮我们开动电冰箱帮我们开动电冰箱,把水加热把水加热,或使室内空调机或使室内空调机继续运转。继续运转。第26页27例例2.Up to the present time,throughout the Up to the present time,throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,this new this new tendency placedtendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs,the home in the immediate suburbs,but concentratedbut concentrated manufacturing activity,business manufacturing activity,business relations,government,and pleasure in the centers relations,government,and pleasure in the centers of the cities.of the cities.到当前为止到当前为止到当前为止到当前为止,经历了经历了经历了经历了1818和和和和1919两个世纪两个世纪两个世纪两个世纪,这种新倾向是把住这种新倾向是把住这种新倾向是把住这种新倾向是把住宅安排在城市近郊宅安排在城市近郊宅安排在城市近郊宅安排在城市近郊,而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市中心地域。及娱乐场所都集中在城市中心地域。及娱乐场所都集中在城市中心地域。及娱乐场所都集中在城市中心地域。第27页28(2)逆序法逆序法例例1.It is probably easier for teachers than for It is probably easier for teachers than for studentsstudents to appreciate the reasons to appreciate the reasons why why learning English seems to become increasingly learning English seems to become increasingly difficultdifficult once the basic structures and once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been patterns of the language have been understoodunderstood.一旦了解英语基本结构和句型一旦了解英语基本结构和句型一旦了解英语基本结构和句型一旦了解英语基本结构和句型,再往下学似乎就越来再往下学似乎就越来再往下学似乎就越来再往下学似乎就越来越难了越难了越难了越难了,这其中原因这其中原因这其中原因这其中原因,可能教师比学生更轻易了解。可能教师比学生更轻易了解。可能教师比学生更轻易了解。可能教师比学生更轻易了解。第28页29例例2.It therefore becomes more and more important that,if students are not to waste their opportunities,there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.所以所以,假如要使学生充分利用他们假如要使学生充分利用他们(上大上大学学)机会机会,就得为他们提供大量关于课程就得为他们提供大量关于课程更为详尽信息更为详尽信息,作更多指导。这个问题显作更多指导。这个问题显得越来越主要了。得越来越主要了。第29页30(3)分句法分句法例例1.The number of the young people in the The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible United States who cant read is incredible about one in four.about one in four.没有阅读能力美国青年人数目令人难以相信约没有阅读能力美国青年人数目令人难以相信约没有阅读能力美国青年人数目令人难以相信约没有阅读能力美国青年人数目令人难以相信约为为为为1/41/4。大约有大约有大约有大约有1/41/4美国青年人没有阅读能力美国青年人没有阅读能力美国青年人没有阅读能力美国青年人没有阅读能力,这简直这简直这简直这简直令人难以置信。令人难以置信。令人难以置信。令人难以置信。第30页31例例2.Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.人们常说人们常说,经过电视能够了解时事经过电视能够了解时事,掌握掌握科学和政治最新动态。从电视里还能够看科学和政治最新动态。从电视里还能够看到层出不穷、现有教育意义又有娱乐性新到层出不穷、现有教育意义又有娱乐性新节目。节目。第31页32(4)综正当。仔细分析综正当。仔细分析,或按照时间先后或按照时间先后,或或按照逻辑次序按照逻辑次序,顺逆结合顺逆结合,主次分明地对全主次分明地对全句进行综合处理。句进行综合处理。例：例：People were afraid to leave their houses,for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency,they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.尽管警察已接到命令尽管警察已接到命令,要作好准备以应付紧急情况要作好准备以应付紧急情况,但人但人们不敢出门们不敢出门,因为警察也和其它人一样不知所措和无能为因为警察也和其它人一样不知所措和无能为力。力。第32页33 1.We are studying a language 1.We are studying a language which is the most which is the most widely used in the worldwidely used in the world.我们正学习一个语言，这种语言是全世界应用范围最我们正学习一个语言，这种语言是全世界应用范围最我们正学习一个语言，这种语言是全世界应用范围最我们正学习一个语言，这种语言是全世界应用范围最广。广。广。广。2.2.He is much more experienced than his brother,He is much more experienced than his brother,who can only do some simple work.who can only do some simple work.他弟弟只会做点简单工作，而他却更经验丰富。他弟弟只会做点简单工作，而他却更经验丰富。他弟弟只会做点简单工作，而他却更经验丰富。他弟弟只会做点简单工作，而他却更经验丰富。3.3.Such is a human nature in the West that a Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.collar workers.许多人宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取成为白领工人社会许多人宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取成为白领工人社会许多人宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取成为白领工人社会许多人宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取成为白领工人社会地位地位地位地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。这在西方倒是人之常情。这在西方倒是人之常情。这在西方倒是人之常情。第33页344.All they have to do is press a button,and they can All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.football match.他们所必须做只是按一下开关。开关一开他们所必须做只是按一下开关。开关一开他们所必须做只是按一下开关。开关一开他们所必须做只是按一下开关。开关一开,就能够看到电就能够看到电就能够看到电就能够看到电视剧、电影、歌剧视剧、电影、歌剧视剧、电影、歌剧视剧、电影、歌剧,以及其它各种各样文艺节目。至于政治问以及其它各种各样文艺节目。至于政治问以及其它各种各样文艺节目。至于政治问以及其它各种各样文艺节目。至于政治问题辩论、最近激感人心足球赛更是不在话下。题辩论、最近激感人心足球赛更是不在话下。题辩论、最近激感人心足球赛更是不在话下。题辩论、最近激感人心足球赛更是不在话下。5.Modern scientific and technical books,especially 5.Modern scientific and technical books,especially textbooks,requires revision at short intervals if their textbooks,requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas,authors wish to keep pace with new ideas,observations and discoveries.observations and discoveries.对于当代科技书籍对于当代科技书籍对于当代科技书籍对于当代科技书籍,尤其是教科书来说尤其是教科书来说尤其是教科书来说尤其是教科书来说,要是作者希望自己要是作者希望自己要是作者希望自己要是作者希望自己书中内容能与新概念、新观察到事实和新发觉同时发展话书中内容能与新概念、新观察到事实和新发觉同时发展话书中内容能与新概念、新观察到事实和新发觉同时发展话书中内容能与新概念、新观察到事实和新发觉同时发展话,那那那那么就应该每隔较短时间么就应该每隔较短时间么就应该每隔较短时间么就应该每隔较短时间,将书中内容重新修改。将书中内容重新修改。将书中内容重新修改。将书中内容重新修改。第34页35 6.The president said at a news conference 6.The president said at a news conference dominated by questions on yesterdaydominated by questions on yesterday s election s election results that he could not explain why the results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat,which in the end would deprive the defeat,which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of its long-held superiority in the Republican Party of its long-held superiority in the House.House.记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天选举结果，总统就此谈记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天选举结果，总统就此谈记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天选举结果，总统就此谈记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天选举结果，总统就此谈了他看法。他说他无法解释为何共和党遭此惨败。这种一了他看法。他说他无法解释为何共和党遭此惨败。这种一了他看法。他说他无法解释为何共和党遭此惨败。这种一了他看法。他说他无法解释为何共和党遭此惨败。这种一败涂地局面最终将造成共和党失去在众议院长久享受优势。败涂地局面最终将造成共和党失去在众议院长久享受优势。败涂地局面最终将造成共和党失去在众议院长久享受优势。败涂地局面最终将造成共和党失去在众议院长久享受优势。第35页36被动语态翻译被动语态翻译被动语态翻译被动语态翻译第36页37翻译方法翻译方法u翻译成汉语主动句翻译成汉语主动句 1.保留原文主语保留原文主语2.增补泛指性词语增补泛指性词语(人们人们,大家等大家等)作主语作主语3.主语译成宾语主语译成宾语4.翻译成汉语无主句翻译成汉语无主句5.翻译成汉语判断句翻译成汉语判断句“是是”u翻译成汉语被动句翻译成汉语被动句第37页38翻译成汉语主动句翻译成汉语主动句1.保留原文主语保留原文主语The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.会议会议会议会议定于四月六日举行。定于四月六日举行。Water can be changed from a liquid into a Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.solid.水水水水能从液体变成固体。能从液体变成固体。第38页392.增补泛指性词语增补泛指性词语(人们人们,大家等大家等)作主语作主语 ItIt isis generallygenerally acceptedaccepted thatthat thethe experiences experiences ofof thethe childchild inin hishis firstfirst yearsyears largelylargely determinedetermine his his charactercharacter andand laterlater personality.personality.人们人们人们人们普遍认为，孩子们早年经历在很大程度上决定了他普遍认为，孩子们早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们性格及其未来人品。们性格及其未来人品。ItIt isis assertedasserted thatthat有些人主张有些人主张 ItIt isis believedbelieved thatthat有些人认为有些人认为 ItIt isis generallygenerally consideredconsidered thatthat大家大家(普通人普通人)认为认为 ItIt isis wellwell knownknown thatthat大家知道大家知道(众所周知众所周知)ItIt willwill bebe saidsaid有些人会说有些人会说 ItIt waswas toldtold thatthat有些人曾经说有些人曾经说 第39页403.主语译成宾语主语译成宾语 ByBy thethe endend ofof thethe war,war,800800 peoplepeople hadhad beenbeen savedsaved byby thethe organization,organization,butbut atat a a costcost ofof 200200 BelgianBelgian anand d FrenchFrench lives.lives.战结时战结时,这个组织拯救了这个组织拯救了八百人八百人八百人八百人，但那是以二百多比利，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人生命为代价（但二百多比利时人和法国人时人和法国人生命为代价（但二百多比利时人和法国人却为此付出了生命代价却为此付出了生命代价)。The numerical data concerned are provided in the The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.next chapter.下一章提供了下一章提供了相关数据资料相关数据资料相关数据资料相关数据资料。第40页414.翻译成汉语无主句翻译成汉语无主句 GreatGreat effortsefforts shouldshould bebe mademade toto informinform youngyoung peoplepeople especiallyespecially thethe dreadfuldreadful consequencesconsequences ofof takingtaking upup thethe habit of smoking.habit of smoking.应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟危害应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟危害,尤其是吸上瘾后尤其是吸上瘾后可怕后果可怕后果 。ItIt isis hopedhoped thatthat希望希望 ItIt isis reportedreported thatthat据报道据报道 ItIt isis saidsaid thatthat听说听说 ItIt isis supposedsupposed thatthat据推测据推测 ItIt maymay bebe saidsaid withoutwithout fearfear ofof exaggerationexaggeration thatthat 能够毫不夸大地说能够毫不夸大地说 ItIt mustmust bebe admittedadmitted thatthat必须认可必须认可 ItIt mustmust bebe pointedpointed outout thatthat必须指出必须指出 ItIt willwill bebe seenseen fromfrom thisthis thatthat由此可见由此可见 第41页425.翻译成汉语判断句翻译成汉语判断句“是是”TheThe decisiondecision toto attackattack waswas notnot takentaken lightly.lightly.进攻决定不进攻决定不是是是是轻易作出轻易作出。In the old societyIn