英语句子成分及简单句的五种基本句型(课堂PPT).ppt

1 英语句子成分英语句子成分 和和简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型2英语句子成分Members of the Sentence3content什么是句子成分什么是句子成分CONTENTS定义定义：句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。：句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。句子成分有：句子成分有：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语定语、状语、补语、同位语4各个成分的功能各个成分的功能一、主语（一、主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于语一般位于_。主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或的形容词或-ed-ed分词、不定式、分词、不定式、-ing-ing分词和分词和(主语主语)从句等。从句等。1名词充当主语。名词充当主语。Young people love pop music句首句首各个成分的功能各个成分的功能52代词充当主语。如：代词充当主语。如：It rains quite often in spring 3 数词充当主语。如：数词充当主语。如：Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名词化的形容词或名词化的形容词或-ed分词充当主语。分词充当主语。如：如：The disabled are well taken care of各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能65不定式充当主语。如：不定式充当主语。如：To study hard is your duty Its not easy to look after a sick old man6-ing分词充当主语。如：分词充当主语。如：Spitting in public is not allowed Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主语主语 (真正的真正的)主语主语各个成分的功能各个成分的功能77从句充当主语从句充当主语(该从句称作主语从句该从句称作主语从句)。That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 关联词主语关联词主语(从句从句)How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story 关联词主语关联词主语(从句从句)各个成分的功能各个成分的功能81.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.二、谓语二、谓语二、谓语二、谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常。通常由由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动连系动词词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.动词动词各个成分的功能各个成分的功能9情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They will go there tomorrow.各个成分的功能各个成分的功能10三、宾语三、宾语 宾语宾语(object)表示动作的承受者，在句中一表示动作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物动词之后。般放在及物动词之后。宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不定式、定式、-ing分词、从句等。分词、从句等。(能做主语的词能做主语的词)1名词充当宾语。如：名词充当宾语。如：Dry wood catches fire easily 2代词充当宾语。如：代词充当宾语。如：We can invite them to our party 各个成分的功能各个成分的功能11 3副词充当宾语。如：副词充当宾语。如：The athletes left there just now4不定式充当宾语。如：不定式充当宾语。如：Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分词充当宾语。如：分词充当宾语。如：You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 各个成分的功能各个成分的功能126从句充当宾语。如：从句充当宾语。如：Do you know how serious the situation is?I dont understand what you mean 各个成分的功能各个成分的功能13双宾语双宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语:直接宾语直接宾语(Direct Object)和和间接宾语间接宾语(Indirect Object),称为双宾语称为双宾语.这两个宾语往往这两个宾语往往一个指人一个指人(一般为间接宾语一般为间接宾语),另另一个指物一个指物(一般为直接宾语一般为直接宾语).He gave me a book.间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语14 间接宾语间接宾语一般放在一般放在直接宾语直接宾语之前。有时为了强调间之前。有时为了强调间接宾语接宾语，也可以将也可以将直接宾语直接宾语放在放在间接宾语间接宾语之前之前，要借助于介要借助于介词词toto或或forfor。He passed me the dictionary?（IOIO）（）（D D）He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress.（IOIO）（）（D D）She bought a beautiful dress for me.此类常见动词：此类常见动词：pass，show,give,lend,hand,offer,tell,send,bring等等此类常见动词：此类常见动词：buy,cook,get,make,sing等等。15注意注意:如果直接宾语是人称代词如果直接宾语是人称代词,则间接宾语则间接宾语必须后置必须后置,并在其前加上介词并在其前加上介词to或或for.Heres your report.Dont forget to show it to your parents.16表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于等。它位于_后，构成系表结构。后，构成系表结构。四、四、表语：表语：各个成分的功能各个成分的功能连系动词连系动词17系动词Add your title表示状态表示状态Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系动词感官系动词变得变得be一直保持一直保持keep，remain，stay看起来，似乎看起来，似乎seem，appearlook,sound,smell,taste,feelbecome,turn,fall,grow,get,go,come,run各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能18a.名词名词b.His father is a teacher.c.b.代词代词d.This book is mine.e.c.形容词或分词短语形容词或分词短语 The leaves turn yellow in autumn.The teacher was satisfied with your work.The story is very interesting.19d.数词数词 One plus one is two.e.动词不定式或动名词短语动词不定式或动名词短语 My job is looking after her.What we want to do now is(to)lie down and rest.各个成分的功能各个成分的功能20f.副词或介词短语副词或介词短语 Sorry,my father isnt in.Tom is in Shanghai now.g.从句从句 The question is why we should put off the meeting.各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能21五、五、五、五、定语定语定语定语:(attribute):(attribute):(attribute):(attribute)修饰主语、宾语和表语修饰主语、宾语和表语形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、数词、形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、数词、代词、句子等都可以用来充当定语代词、句子等都可以用来充当定语。在翻译时往往译为“的”This is a lively and interesting class.后置定语后置定语There is something difficult to deal with.有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理这是一节生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课前置定语前置定语22a.形容词形容词b.Newton is a famous scientist.c.b.名词名词d.Lets listen to the weather forecast first.23c.动名词动名词 Our school is going to build a swimming pool.d.分词短语或动词不定式短语分词短语或动词不定式短语 She is reading an interesting book.I have no pen to write with.24e.介词短语或副词介词短语或副词 I havent got the solution to the problem.I used to live in the room above.f.从句从句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.25六、六、六、六、状语状语状语状语:(adverbial):(adverbial):(adverbial):(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；成分；按用途分，可分为按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。等。26a.副词副词b.Who can write beautifully?c.b.介词短语介词短语d.Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside.e.c.分词短语分词短语f.Not knowing what to do I decided to give up.27d.动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 His mother often comes to see him.e.名词名词 Please come this way.f.从句从句 As soon as the teacher came in,all the students stood up.28七、七、七、七、宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语：复合结构：宾语宾补复合结构：宾语宾补nadj adv.介词短语分词短语与动词不定式各个成分的功能各个成分的功能v常用的带复合宾语的动词常用的带复合宾语的动词：think,consider,feel,find,want，have,see,hear,notice,make,get,leave,ask,keep.对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。29I consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe him to be honest.I heard the boy crying.He left the girl in the room.各个成分的功能各个成分的功能30八、八、同位语同位语 在一个句子中在一个句子中,一个名词或一个名词或代词代词,或相当于名词的短语或或相当于名词的短语或从句从句,放在另一个名词或代词放在另一个名词或代词之后之后,用以说明它的性质或情用以说明它的性质或情况况,被称为同位语被称为同位语(Appositive).可作可作同位语的通常有同位语的通常有:31a.名词名词b.This is my best friend,Tom.c.b.代词代词d.We all got a surprise.e.c.数词数词f.This prize is for you two.g.d.从句从句h.I had no idea that you were here.32主谓（宾主谓（宾主谓（宾主谓（宾/宾补）宾补）宾补）宾补）主系表主系表主系表主系表 就是一个最简单的就是一个最简单的句子构成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一个句子构成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一个人的头部和躯干。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结人的头部和躯干。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结构构1.S+V 主语谓语主语谓语2.S+V+P 主语系动词表语主语系动词表语3.S+V+O 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语4.S+V+o+O 主语谓语双宾语主语谓语双宾语5.S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾补主语谓语宾语宾补33content1.S+V+P 主系表英语五种基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.34content2.S+V 主谓（不及物动词）英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型The sun was shinning.We all breathe,eat and drink.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.35content3.S+V+O 主谓（及物动词）宾英语五种基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.36content4.S+V+o+O 主谓间宾直宾英语五种基本句型He brought you a dictionary.He showed me how to run the machine.37content5.S+V+O+C 主谓复合结构英语五种基本句型They painted the door green.We saw him out.He asked me to get back soon.38 练习一：判断下列简单句是属于哪种句型。练习一：判断下列简单句是属于哪种句型。练习一：判断下列简单句是属于哪种句型。练习一：判断下列简单句是属于哪种句型。A 1.Plants need water.1.Plants need water.S+V+O S+V+O (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾)2.The flower is so fresh.2.The flower is so fresh.S+V+P S+V+P (主主主主+系系系系+表表表表)3.They work hard.3.They work hard.S+V S+V (主主主主+谓谓谓谓)4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds.S+V+I O+DO S+V+I O+DO (主主主主+谓谓谓谓+间宾间宾间宾间宾+直宾直宾直宾直宾)5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.S+V+O+OC S+V+O+OC (主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾+宾补宾补宾补宾补)39 B 6.He got angry.7.He got up.8.You will get a surprise.9.He got his shoes wet.10.He got her a present.小结：同一动词在不同的句型里用法也不尽其同小结：同一动词在不同的句型里用法也不尽其同。S+V+P S+V+P (主主主主+系系系系+表表表表)S+V+O S+V+O (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾)S+V S+V (主主主主+谓谓谓谓)S+V+O+OC S+V+O+OC (主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾+宾补宾补宾补宾补)S+V+I O+DO S+V+I O+DO (主主主主+谓谓谓谓+间宾间宾间宾间宾+直宾直宾直宾直宾)40 练习二:翻译 1.太阳从东方升起来了。2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.41温馨提示：复杂的英语句子都是基于五种简单句，在前面或后面增加一些修饰语加以扩大、组合、省略或倒装。我们只需要理清句子的主干就可以正确把握句子的意思。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。42 We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。43We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。44简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 3.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾间接宾语语+直接宾语直接宾语5.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语Summary45 I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.In the modern city,there are some problems,such as air pollution,crowdness and noise.In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.There,the air is fresh and the water is clean.I can hear birds singing in the green trees.I can also go boating,fishing,and swimming in the lake.All this will be interesting and good for my health.So I want to go to the countryside for a change.Homework:1.指出下列句子属于指出下列句子属于5种简单句的哪一种类型。种简单句的哪一种类型。462.运用运用5 5种简单句写一篇短文。种简单句写一篇短文。（任选一题）（任选一题）My School Life My Family My Hometown4748