北京市海淀区高三英语下学期期中一模试题无听力.docx

influenced by automatic thoughts. 37.It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.38 A method called metacognitive training can be used to target theirbiases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants overconfidence.In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one. 39 Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.B. Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.C. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.D. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.E. We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping.F. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。You might not have heard of the "fresh start effect, but if you've ever made a New Year's resolution, you，re familiar with it. Il refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed.The fresh start effect is simple. Most people want to improve themselves in some way. When we hit important milestones, we're often likely to reflect: are we where we thought we'd be 1） y a certain age? Was this year a successful year, or did we waste it? Annual landmarks like birthdays, or the start of a new year, signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave slip-ups behind and to set new goals for better behavior.Research shows that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29, 39, 49 etc. were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action.What，s interesting about the fresh start effect is that we don't need to wait for big milestones to take advantage of this sudden dose of motivation. Studies show that the first day of each month and even each week can also inspire us. These days, known as temporal landmarks” , encourage us to step back and evaluate our current situation. And when we do this, we gain the motivation to be better: we become more driven and more productive. That is why people are more likely to start diets or exercise plans on Monday, rather than the next day.Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. So if you're currently experiencing loss of motivation, questioning the meaning of your work, or just feel like you，re stuck in a rut, why don，t you use the fresh start effect in your own life?40. According to the passage, what is "fresh start effectv ?41. Why is it that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect” ?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when w forget about our mistakes and move forward.43. Besides the fresh start effect, in what other ways do you motivate yourself in your life? （In about 40 words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。你班即将开展五一劳动节活动。请你给交 换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：1.活动目的及安排；2.注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua英语答案第一部分知识运用（共两节30分） 第一节（共10小题:每小题L 5分，共15分）IB 2D 3C 4A 5D 6B 7A 8C 9C 10B第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）15.whose19.shared11. to12. won 13.their14.attending16.imaginations 17.whether18.has been accepted20.to chase第二部分阅读理解（共两节38分）第一节（共14小题:每小题2分,共28分）A:21. B22.C23.DB:24. D25.A26.DC:27. C28.C29.A30. BD:31.C32.B33.D34. A第二节（共5小题:每小题2分,共10分）34.C36.B37.F38. A39. G第三部分书面表达第一节略第二节略1. A. soundB.patternC. numberD.symbol2. A. playfulB.gratefulC.cheerfulD.meaningful3. A. failedB.softenedC.sankD.relieved4. A. hatedB.missedC. exploredD.appreciated5. A. graduallyB.narrowlyC.constantlyD.accidentally6. A. signB.magicC.flavourD.wish7. A. hopeB.joyC.courageD. support8. A. necessaryB.convenientC.readyD.useful9. A. struggledB.arguedC. laughedD.compromised10. A. ruleB.bondC. barrierD. balance第二节(共10小题；每小题分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AXu Mengtao, the flag-bearer for the Chinese delegation at the closing ceremony of 2022 Winter Olympics, has got multiple world championships. But her road 11 glory was not smooth, since it was accompanied by many injuries. It was her passion for sports, her persistence and determination that helped her continue and she finally 12 (win) the gold medal at her fourth Olympics. Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in j 3 (they) pursuit of dreams.BBased on AR and VR, the metaverse aims to bring people closer together in an online setting, enabling them to be connected in ways they couldn，t be before.Imagine 14 (attend) a meeting from the comfort of your couch, where you don，t dress up, but your avatar does. You're seated at a virtual table with other people 15 reactions and body language can be judgedjust as well as they would be in real life. A metaverse could very likely bring these 16 (imagine) to reality, and soon.CEveryone has a sense of humor, but it's pretty evident that not everybody has a good sense of it. Psychologists axe divided on 1 7 humor is inbornor learnable. However, there is one thing that 18 (accept) universally so far一the sense of humor is uniquely human. It is associated with laughter and laughter is associated with happiness and courage. These are qualities 19 (share) with other forms of life. But if happiness is one of the goals 20 (chase) in life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。AOld and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.Proctor，s Theatre, Newark, New JerseyAlthough available outdoors from street sellers, food was banned in theatres to display respectability. In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctor s Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during 9 the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre s income.Proctor, s Theatre, Troy, New York * Originally opened as Proctor s Fourth Street Theatre in 1914, it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope. From 1929, it was successively taken over, renamed as Proctor s Troy Theatre and switched to screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today.RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre, New YorkOriginally opened in 1928, RKO Keith s Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed on the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site, intentionally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservation efforts, the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block.Metropolitan Opera House, PhiladelphiaThe theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018. f21. In the late 1920s, Proctor s Theatre in Newark set up stands to _A. show respect for the guestsB. increase the theatre's incomeC. promote newly released moviesD. compete with the streetsellers22. What can we know from the passage?A.RKO Keith，s Flushing Theatre is well preserved.8. Proctor s Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now.C.Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function.D.Proctor，s Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP. 23. What is the purpose of this passage?A.To rank the old and unrestored theatres.B.To show the development of American theatres.C.To encourage people to protect the old theatres.D.To provide information on overlooked old theatres.BTo the untrained eye, a pingpong ball is just a pingpong ball. To a Beverly Cleary fan, it，s two motorcycle helmets for mice.Ever since I read Cleary s series about Ralph, the motorcycle一riding mouse, r ve never looked at a pingpong ball一or the world一the same way. Amazing to think that it，s been more than forty years since I checked out The Mouse and the Motorcycle from my school library in Northport, and yet that one particular image is as clear to me as ever.And why shouldn，t it be? It's perfect.How I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house! Thanks »to Cleary s genius, a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable.While much of children，s literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characters who saw the world as only children can. With great interest, I read every book that bore Beverly Cleary，s name. She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didn，t yet understand myself.r ve written eight children，s books and have always kept Beverly s sense of wonder in mind. I don，t remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books, but I know that by second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins; I chose children's authors, with a large chunk of my project being about who else? Beverly Cleary!I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, "That's fantastic! You did your project on children s authors and then you became one!”“Yes, " I said. "And my best friend who did her project on dolphinsbecame a dolphin!* *“Really?” the students said in chorus.And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins; mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends. 9That s what Beverly Cleaiy taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible. and so very funny.24. The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly becauseA. it recorded animals， lifeB. it revealed the wisdom of lifeC. it encouraged children to raise petsD. it described the world from children，s eyes25 . When learning the authors friend became a dolphin, the students feltA. amazedB. doubtfulC. scaredD. confused26. What is the passage mainly about?A. What the author created to attract children.B. What the author did to turn impossible into possible.C. How Beverly Cleary aroused children，s interest in reading.D. How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary.CWhen a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier （冰川）on the Swiss Alps， Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche，s （崩塌）critical characteristics.Low-frequency sound wayes called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. "This was different, Johnson says. A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound. /zUsually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse一a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier's main body一is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier ucan become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break一 offs, “ says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break一off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components （such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes） without additional measurements, says ETII Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. "The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this, “ she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche，s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade，s physical details.26. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A. Infrasound has a major