高考英语语法讲解及考点练习冠词（含解析）.docx

冠词重难点分析冠词是一种虚词，没有词义，不能单独使用，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为 定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。一、冠词的位置考占示例1such/what/ many/rather/quite + a(n) + 形容词+单数可数名词quite a small house, such a little boy2how/however/so/too/as/that/thi s+形容词+a (n) + 单数可数名词so nice a girl3both/al 1/half/ twice/double + the+名词twice the size of the room4half a(n)或a half+单数可数名词half an hour / a half hour二、不定冠词考点示例1表示泛指，与any同义A square has four sides. 正方形有四边。2表示数量“：与one同义，但其数的概念不如one强烈He will be back in a week. 一周后，他就会 回来了。3表示一类人或东西，与the same同义Bird of a feather flock together.物以类 聚，人以群分。4表小“母 个，与every, each, per同义I visit my father once a month. 我一个月 见一次我爸爸。5表小“某，与a certain同义A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you. 一位斯 密斯先生在等着要见你。6表示“像似的"，与like同义He is a Lei Feng in our class,他是我们班 上的雷锋。7用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、一份或一场”等We had a heavy rain last night.我们昨晚 遇到了一场大雨。8用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化You are a great help to your mother. 你帮 了你母亲一个大忙。三、定冠词考点示例1特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受 定语修饰的人或物There I met a foreigner, and the foreigner helped me a lot.Do you know the man standing by the window?2用于单数名词前，指一类事物The lion is a wild animal.3用于乐器名称前play the violin/piano4用于世界上独一无一的事物前the sun, the earth, the moon5与某些形容词连用表示一类人the rich, the poor, the young, the aged6用在序数词和最高级前the first one to e to school, the best student in our class7在江河、湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中The Changjiang River, the West Lake, the EnglishChannel8在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数刖the Browns, in the 1980s9在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的人民the Chinese, the English10用在一些习惯用语中in the morning, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year四、零冠词考点示例1专有名词和不可数名词前China, America, Grade One, Class Two, air, money, water2名词前已有 this, that, my, your, some,any等Go down this street.3当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时We are students.I like reading stories.4成对名词连用时day after day, face to face5在球类、棋类、学和卜、语言、二餐名词前play basketball, play chess, like physics, speakEnglish, at lunch6在季节、月份、星期或某些含Day的节假日等名词前Autumn is the best season in Beijing.In May, New Year' s Day, on Sunday7在某些习惯用语中的名词前at noon, by bus, by telephone, in bed, in time, go to bed, go to college五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。1. in front of在（外）的前面；in the front of在（内）的前面There is a garden in front of the classroom.教室前面有一个花园。（外）There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室前面有一块黑板。（内）2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在负责之下An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。3. at table在进餐、吃饭时；at the table在桌旁He seldom talks at table.吃饭时他很少说话。They sat at the table, talking and laughing.他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。4. by day白天、日间；by the day按日计He works in an office by day.他白天在办公室工作。Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。5. take place 发生、举行；take the place （of）代替、接替When did this conversation take place?这次谈话什么时候进行的？Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力 火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之Please express your thoughts in words.请用言语表达你的想法。In a word, I don, t trust you.总之，我不相信你。7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次I do feel a little nervous at times.有时我确实感到有些紧张。Pass me the bricks two at a time.每次递给我两块砖。8. little少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿Hurry up, there is little time left.快点，时间不多了。Don' t hurry, you still have a little time.不用急，你还有时间。9. few很少、几乎没有的；a few有些、几个He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人。Only a few of the children can read.只有几个孩子会阅读。10. a most interesting非常有趣的；the most interesting最有趣的（形容词的最高级）This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。This is the most interesting story of the three.这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士； a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士A doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。A doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。12. a number of许多、好些；the number of 的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数）A number of students are in the classroom.许多学生在教室里。The number of students in the classroom is forty.教室里有 40 个学生。考点练透一、单句填空用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划1. 一hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?一Sorry, wrong number. There isn' t Mr. Smith here.2. I know you don' t like music very much. But what do you think of music in the film we saw yesterday?3. 一I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over keyboard.一You shouldn' t put drinks near puter.4. Of all reasons for my decision to bee a university professor, my fathers advicewas most important one.5. According to World Health Organization, healthcare plans are needed in all bigcities to prevent spread of AIDS.6. For him stage is just means of making a living.7. I think if really honor for me to speak here.8. This lab used to be in charge of Mr. Wang.9. I know there is Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on business.10. He devotes most of his time to football. And I am sure he promises excellent footballer.11. Don' t lose heart. Please have second try.12. Those who are rich should help poor.13. In some factories workers get paid by piece.14. John is university student from European country.15. Teachers play active and important part in building up students' character.16. Zhangs live on the second floor.17. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.18. A tower is seen in distance.19. In case of fire, please press red button.20. Shenzhen haspopulation of more than 10 million.21. days I spent with Mary in Shanghai were so wonderful.22. My brother was born in spring of 1990.23. How sweetly she sings! I have never heard better voice.24. Beijing is second largest city in China.25. My trip to Tibet was reallyunforgettable experience.二、语篇填空 在括号中填入适当的冠词。There once was a king who offered prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy （绒毛状的）white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled （番切腾）a foaming waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the bush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest 一 in perfect peace.The king chose 10 second picture.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel, outstanding scientist and inventor. Besides, he had a big business 2 making and selling explosives, which may surprise you. His panies even made and sold weapons. Isn, t this something 3 surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?4 Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the 5 (rich) in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them 6 the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the 7 (win) to be chosen for their work, not the country 8 came from.Alfred Nobel 9 (give) his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, 10 he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world forever.助读词汇explosive n.炸药fund n.基金outstanding adj.杰出的weapon n.武器will n.遗嘱interest n.利息；收益benefit n.利益efforts n.努力set up设立；建立leave behind留下参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. a 2. /; the 3. the; a 4. the; the 5. the; the 6. the; a 7. an 8. the 9. a; / 10. /; an 11. a 12. the 13. the 14. a; a 15. an 16. The 17. /; / 18. the 19. the 20. a 21. The 22. the 23. a 24. the 25. an二、语篇填空1. a 2. the 3. the 4. the 5. a 6. an 7. the 8. the 9. a 10. the三、语法填空本文简要讲述阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔的一些轶事以及诺贝尔奖设立的历史和经过。1. an此空所在的语块是个同位语。不定冠词的基本用法，表“一个/一位”，后的。utstanding 是元音音素开头，故填an。2. from 语块 2making and selling explosives既不作主语也不作宾语或表语，故常填介词。 from 表“从",此外，从下文 Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons 也可推知答案。3. that此处that引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词只能用that,不能用whicho4. Although/Though空后是两个分句，故此空肯定是填连接词。根据后面的he hated war可知，此 处存在一个让步关系，故填Although或Though,引导让步状语从句。5. richest此题是非纯空格题，只需要考虑：动词、形容词或副词的比较等级、词类的转化。根据 句意和one of the不难推知应填最高级。6. as常用结构knowas意为"把称之为"。as作为介词时,常意为“作为”。7. winners根据句子成分分析，此处缺少宾语，因此填名词。注意用复数。（有些考生常忘加复数）8. they 此处缺少主语，故填代词。they指代winners。9. had given整篇文章的主题时态是一般过去式。give在此处作为谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态 即可。根据文意可知，此处是讲诺贝尔对人类的贡献和影响，故用完成时最合适。（注意是过去完成时态）10. but空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据文意，此处显然存在一个转折关系，故填并列连词 but o