Unit4知识点牛津译林版英语八年级上册.docx

译林版八年级上册英语知识点Unit 4知识点Parti重点单词1. instruction 指示，命令give instruction to sb. to do sth.follow instructions遵照说明，服从指示2. had better = M better最好(情态动词，没有人称、时态、数的变化) sb. had better do sth.最好做某事=It's better fbr sb. to do sth.had better not do sth.最好别做某事You'd better come early tomorrow = It's better for you to come early tomorrow .3. stand fbr(1)代表 What does “ASAP" stand for? “ASAP”代表什么(2)容忍I will not stand for it any more我将再也不会容忍它了4. instead (副词)反而，却；通常位于句尾I don't like apples. I like pears instead.instead of.短语介词，代替，后面一般跟名词、代词(宾格)、动词-ing形式。I like pears instead of apples.5. pay用法(1) pay sb. to do sth.付钱给人做某事；I will pay you to clean the house.我将要付钱给你来打扫房子(2) pay sb. some money for sth.给某人付多少钱买某物/因某物付钱给某人。I will pay you 100 dollars for the dress.我将要给你付100美元来买这条裙子(3) pay fbr sth.为某物付款I will pay for the bag.我来为这个包付款(4)例外：pay the bill 买单6. be crazy about (doing) sth.对(做)某事着迷； Lucy is crazy about dancing.7. finish(1) finish (动词)完成 finish (doing) sth.完成(做)某事I often finish (doing) my homework before 8pm everyday. 我经常日免上 8 点、前完成 作业(2) finished (adj.)完成；结束了的You can't leave home until your homework is finished.直到完成作业你才能离开 家。8. try尝试(1) try to do sth.试图/努力做某事(付出很多努力)(2) try doing sth.试一试，试做(浅试一下)(3) have a try 试一下9. put短语(1) put in 安装(2) put up搭建；张贴(4) try one best to do sth.竭尽全力做某事put in a light安装一盏灯put up a tent 搭一个帐篷 put up a picture 张贴一幅画(3) put out 扑灭(4) put away收起；收拾(5) put on穿上；戴上put out the fire.扑灭火 make a fire 生火put away the toys 收好玩具(跟代词连用的时候代词要放中间put it / them on)10. mistake(1)(名词)错误make a mistake 犯4昔误 Everybody makes mistakes. 人者会犯4昔。by mistake错误地I took your umbrella by mistake this morning,我今早4普拿 了 你的伞(2)(动词)弄错mistake sb./sth. for sb./sth.把某人/某物错当成某人/某物They always mistake me for my twin sister.他们经常把我错当成我的姐姐11. fill . with.用.,填充.Tom fills the bowl with biscuits. Tom 用饼干填满了 碗be filled with. = be full of.充满, 装满The bowl is filled with biscuits = The bowl is full of biscuits.11. 谓语动词的就近原则和就远远则(1)谓语动词适用于就近原则的短语有：* neither . nor .; Neither Lucy nor i am hungry. Lucy *口我者0不饿* either . or Either Lucy or i will cook the dinner tonight.今日兔不是 Lucy 就 是我来做饭* there be; There is an apple and two pears on the table. There are two pears and an apple on the table* not.but.; Not he but i am very tall 不是他(很高),而是我很高* not only.but also.; Not only he but also I am very tall 不仅他很鬲,而且我 也很高(2)谓语动词适用于就远原则的短语有：* together with; Lucy, together with her friends is going to see the movie.* with; Lucy with two friends is on the way here.* as well as ; Lucy as well as her friends is on the way here* rather than*except/but/including/besides/like;Nobody but/except you is here.除 了 你没有人在这儿12. keep (on) doing sth.不断(重复)做某事；坚持做某事Lucy keeps (on) riding to school everyday.13. advise (动词)劝告(忠告；建议)advise sb. (not) to do sth. He advises me to go to the cinema.他建议我去看电影advise doing sth. He advises going to the cinema. 他建议去看电影advice (不可数名词)offer sb. some advice on sth.给某人提供某方面的建议14. attend, join Join in, take part in(1) attend参加、出席会议或学术活动：attend school 上学；attend the wedding 出席昏礼(2) join参加，加入join the Party入党(注意Party的P大写)join sb. in (doing) sth.和某人一起做某事(3) join in = take part in 参加(活动)attend参加、出席会议或学术活动Lucy invites me to attend the wedding.Lucy邀请我出席婚礼join参加某个组织或团体，并成为其中的一员Tom joined in the army last month. Tom 上个月参军了。join in参加会议，竞赛，娱乐， 游戏等join in the meeting 参加会议join sb. in (doing)sth.加入某人一起做某事Would you like to join us in biking?你愿意和我们一起骑自行车吗？take part in参加会议或群众性活动How many students took part in the English competition?有多少学生参加了 英语竞赛？辨析：attend, join Join in Join sb. in (doing)sth .与 take part in15. mix. with.把和混合;Please mix the cereal with milk.请把麦片跟牛奶混在一起mix with . 和混合;Oil does not mix with water.油不融于水。mixed (adj.)混合的；a mixed school 一所混合学校16. leave(1) leave sp.离开某地I will leave shanghai tomorrow.明天我将要离开上海(2) leave for sp.去某地 I will leave for shanghai tomorrow明天我将要去上海(3) leave sb./sth.+表地点的介词短语 把某物落在某地leave my homework at home把我的家庭作业落在家里(4) leave使处于某种状态leave sb./sth. + 形容词leave the door open 任由门开着leave sb./sth. +副词leave the lights on 任由灯开着leave sb./sth. + doingleave the water boiling 任由水烧开17. tidy,反义词 untidy(1)(形容词)整洁的；Lily bedroom is clean and tidy.(2)(动词)整理tidy sth away收拾起来；拾掇起Can you tidy away your clothes, please?请你把衣服收拾起来行吗？tidy sth up收拾妥；整理好Please tidy up your bedroom right now.请把你的卧室立刻整理好18. secret(1)(形容词)秘密的，保密的keep it secret (adj.) 保密(2)(名词)秘密 keep a secret保守秘密keep a secret for sb.为某人保密；keep the secret to oneself 将秘密埋藏心底19. go wrong 弄错；犯错；出故障(go-went-went)Lots of things went wrong during that time.在那期间许多事都出错。20. cut短语(1) cut out 剪出cut out a picture of colourful balloons 剪出一张彩色气球的图片(2) cut in插嘴,打断The boy kept cutting in on his parents* conversationo那男孩不停地打断父母的谈 话。(3) cut off切断，中断The electricity supply had been cut off.电力供应被切断了。21. paint(1)(名词)油漆；颜料；(2)(动词)给刷漆；用颜料画;paint the room pink把房间刷成粉色(3) painting (名词)油画(4) painter (名词)画家22. 形容词前缀un-, in-, im-, dis-来表否定lucky 幸运的 一 unlucky不幸的correct 正确的 一 incorrect不正确的possible可能的 一 impossible不可能的honest诚实的 一 dishonest不诚实的Part 2语法祈使句主要用来表达命令、要求、请求、劝告和建议等语气，为了显得更为礼 貌和客气，我们常在祈使句中加上pleaseo祈使句主要包含五种句型结构。第一种：Do型祈使句（1）肯定形式：实义动词原形（+宾语+其它）.Come in, please.（请轻轻地打开门。）（2）否定形式：Dont+实义动词原形（+宾语+其它）.Don't shout at each other.不要彼此大喊大叫。第二种：Be型祈使句（1）肯定形式：Be+表语（+其它）.Be carefUl!小心！（2）否定形式:Donft + be +表语（+其它）.Don't be late.不要迟到。第三种：Let型祈使句（1）肯定形式：Let+宾语+动词原形（+其它）.Lefgo.我们走（2）否定形式：Donft + let +宾语+动词原形（+其它）.或者Let +宾语+ not +动词原形（+其它）.Donft let him go swimming today.不要让他今天出 去游泳。Let's not go swimming today.咱们今天不要游泳。第四种：No型祈使句（1） No+名词/动名词No photos!禁止拍照!No smoking!禁止吸烟！第五种：无动词祈使句主要是以形容词、副词构成的祈使句。CarefUl!小心！2,用 should 和 had better 提建议当我们给他人提建议时，可以用had better和should,表示“最好”或"应该”做 某事，had better比should语气强一点，他们都是情态动词，后接动词原形，没 有人称和数的变化。had better经常缩写为'd。We'd better leave before it rains,我们最好在下雨前离开。We should attend the meeting.我们应该出席会议。had better 的否定形式是 had better notshould的否定形式是should not