03 必修第一册Unit 4基础练习-2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019).docx

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（人教版2019）必修第一册Unit 4基础知识强化练1 .单词拼写1. This is one of the worst natural（灾难）in the area.2. With the help of her teacher and through her own（努力）,Helen graduated from university.3. You told me that you were worried about those bad study habits which（影响）your learning.4. Firemen were called out to（营救）a man trapped in the building.5. The people in the earthquake area are in need of food, medicine and（避难处）.6. Forty（百分比）of the students point out that Senior One students have a lot more homework to do every day.7. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could（乎吸）all the time.8. Try to keep（镇静的）and just tell me what happened.9. Her beauty（打动）him deeply and he decided to date her.10.1 am having some flowers（递送）for her birthday.II.单句语法填空1. Many houses（destroy） and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed.2. When she smiles, it looks as if the sun（be） shining.3. The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors the sinking ship.4. The late flood did much damage the village.5. He（trap） in the traffic jam and felt helpless.6. （bury） in the newspaper, he didn't notice what was happening.7. Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm（you） down.8. Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he（do） something very clever.9. Then I saw it-a thin arm（wave） weakly a few yards away.10* When I stopped playing and looked up, I was（shock） to see a small crowed around us.III.完成句子1. Obviously, they didn't realize that their behavior had the beauty of the park.很明显，他们没有意识到他们的行为给这个美丽的公园造成了巨大的损坏。10 .【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可知因此，当学校8点或更早开始上课时，他 们很难获得专家建议的理想的8. 5到9. 5小时的睡眠时间，以便使他们自己能在白天做到最好。可知，要想 在白天有一个更好的学习状态，青少年需要大约9小时的睡眠时间，故选B。11 .【解析】选C。主旨大意题。主要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学 习状态。C选项A new law lets students sleep longer. 一部新的法律让学生睡得更久，能够概括文章大意，故选 CoVI.【文章大意】文章介绍了几种在户外时，遇到地震的逃生方法。1 .【解析】选D。前文提到“为了安全度过地震，记住这句话：蹲下，找遮蔽物，坚持住。”承接前文,D选项 “如果你在户外，这里有四个帮助你度过地震的小贴士”切题。且与下文给的四个建议呼应，故选D。2 .【解析】选F。前文提至广远离建筑物、路灯、电线和桥梁。”承接前文,F选项“地震中最危险的位置是建 筑物附近的区域”切题。故选F。3 .【解析】选E。前文提到“看看附近有没有什么东西可以作为盾牌，比如垃圾桶盖。”承接前文,E选项“如 果没有，用你的手和胳膊盖住你的头和脖子。”切题。故选E。4 .【解析】选C。下文提到“地震后外出时，小心碎玻璃、碎石、倒下的电线、倒下的树和其他潜在的危险。” 承接下文,C选项“当你观察周围环境时，要小心危险。”切题。故选C。5 .【解析】选A。前文提至如果摇晃持续超过20秒,”承接前文,A选项“不要等待警报或警告。”切题。且 呼应下文“到达海拔至少100英尺（30米）或2英里（3. 2千米）的地面。”故选AoVH.【文章大意】本文讲述了关于亚马逊热带雨林着火原因的不同说法。1.【解析】wereo考查主谓一致。句意：眼前没有灯光，但夜空闪着暗黄色的光，因为亚马逊热带雨林正在 燃烧。本句为there be结构，其主语为no lights,故用复数形式，根据上下文可知用一般过去时态，故填were。 2.【解析】ando考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，此处连接谓语动词engulfed和lit,表并列，应用并列 连词,故填and。3 .【解析】by。考查介词。句意：白天，阳光被浓烟挡住了。根据句意可知,be blocked by"被阻止工这里表被动，后接名词，应用介词，故填by。4 .【解析】has been put。考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，火已经熄灭了。根据时间状语so far可知本 句用现在完成时，又因put out与主语the fire之间为被动关系，故填has been put。5 .【解析】themo考查代词。句意：亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的热带雨林，也是对抗气候变化的斗士，火灾 只是其中之一。根据其前介词。f可知应用代词宾格作宾语，故填them。6 .【解析】largesto考查形容词最高级。根据常识判断，亚马逊雨林是世界上“最大的”雨林，故填largest。7 .【解析】groupso考查名词复数。句意：环保组织表示，政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐，这导致了 更多的火灾。此处environmental groups指环保组织，应用复数形式，故填groups。8 .【解析】whicho考查定语从句。句意：环保组织表示，政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐，这导致了 更多的火灾。分析句子结构可知，代指前面整句话的内容，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。9 .【解析】to argueo考查非谓语动词。句意：但政府发布了一份报告，想对此进行反驳。want后接动词作 宾语，应用不定式形式，故填to argue。10 .【解析】angrilyo考查副词。句意：政府声称，非政府组织在资金被削减后，愤怒地放火焚烧森林。分 析句子成分可知，此处作状语修饰动词短语set fire,应用副词形式，故填angrily。1.1 find that she is really.我发现她真的难以相处。3. All the houses were left because of the heavy rainstorm.由于暴风雨，所有的房子都沦为废墟。4. The bad road conditions get there in time.糟糕的路况使他们及时到达那里变得很困难。5. Luckily, the war between the two countries at last.幸运的是，两国之间的战争最终结束了。5.1 alonea heavy rain poured down.我正在街上独自闲逛，这时大雨倾盆而下。7. They werewhat to do next.他们太害怕了，不知道接下来该做什么。8.1 don't know why he is looking at me. In fact I've never seen him before.我不知道他为什么一直看着我，好像认识我似的。事实上我之前从未见过他。IV .用适当的关系词填空1. We chose to buy the house window faces south.2. You'll find taxis waiting at the station you can hire to reach your host family.3. rd like to express my appreciation for the people to I have turned.4. The research found that people keep fit are more likely to have better memories and clearer thinking.5. Working in the company is the very chance you can grasp during the summer holiday.6. A study shows the students who join in after-school activities are happier than those are not.7. They rushed over to help the man car had broken down.8. The house in Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.V .阅读理解AEarthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly （有规律地）.Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.The most-talked-about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2, 000 people died.In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80, 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can't prepare for them.1. Earthquakes happen.A. in all the places in the worldB. only in the countries that have a lot of mountainsC. regularly in most places in the worldD. only in a few places along the mountains2. When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded?A. 1964; Alaska.B. 2008; China.C. 1923; Japan.D. 1976; China.3. What may be talked about in the paragraph followed?A. How do earthquakes worry people?B. What will people do to prepare for earthquakes?C. How can we save people when earthquakes happen?D. How do earthquakes happen?BAustralia's bush fires are threatening the country's unique wildlife from koalas to native birds to bees and researchers fear that some species are being pushed to the brink of extinction. The fires have killed at least 26 people, burned thousands of homes and could shave as much as 0. 4% of economic growth, according to some experts.More than 13, 000 head of livestock have been killed by the fires in New South Wales state, where more than 20, 000 square miles of land has been burned. The fires threaten to rage on into February-summer-time in Australia -or longer.Scientists say at least six species are in danger. "There's great concern that these fires may have pushed species closer to extinction or potentially over, “ said Deakin University wildlife ecologist Euan Ritchie. "We won, t know until we get into the areas, “ he said.Some scientists are concerned about a metallic-green bee that lives exclusively（唯一地）in areas that have been badly damaged by fire, along Australia's east coast and on Kangaroo Island in the south. Researchers suspect the green carpenter bee has been wiped out on Kangaroo Island.“The species is likely to be in terrible conditions, as all of its habitat has now either burnt or is threatened by fire, “ said Katja Hogendoom, a bee expert at the University of Adelaide, who has been working fbr half a decade to preserve the population of green carpenter bees on Kangaroo Island.4. What can we learn from paragraph one?A. The wildlife is well protected in Australia.B. The fires also damage Australian economy.C. The bush fires have lasted for a long time.D. The bush fires are frequent in Australia.5. How might Euan Ritchie feel about ecological losses?A. Curious.B. Concerned.C. Unexpected.D. Surprised.6. Why are scientists worried about the metallic-green bee?A. It will all be burnt to death.B. It is gradually dying out.C. It might lose its natural home.D. It will move to other places.7. Where might you find this text?A. In a story book. B. In a textbook.C. In a newspaper. D. In a traveling guide.When your alarm clock rings and you drag yourself out of bed, you probably wonder: Why on earth does school have to start so early?Fortunately, there is a new law to support-or better still, science.A law in California, passed on Oct. 13, requires that public middle schools begin classes no earlier than 8: 00 am and that high schools start no earlier than8. 30 am. The law will go into effect by July 1,2022.Starting school at 8: 00 or 8: 30 in the morning may not sound like too big of a change, but it could mean one more hour of sleep for students who used to start school at 7: 30 or even earlier.“The effect of that one hour is something they will be feeling as 40-year-old adults,Sumit Bhargava, a sleep expert at Stanford University, told The New York Times. He said that not having enough sleep can affect students, mental health and increase the risk of being overweight and diabetes（糖尿病）.In the short run, students9 school performances should improve almost immediately. Kyla Wahlstrom, a researcher at the University of Minnesota's College of Education, found that students who have enough sleep are alert in class and get much more satisfying grades.Some might say that asking students to go to bed earlier could have been a much easier solution than changing the school timetable across an entire state. But according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, teenagers go through biological changes when they enter puberty（青春期），which makes it difficult for them to fall asleep before 11: 00 pm. So when school starts at 8: 00 or earlier, they can hardly get the ideal 8. 5一9. 5 hours of sleep that experts suggest they need to do their best in the daytime.This is why when the new law came out, its author, Anthony Portantino, said, "Generations of children will come to appreciate this historic day and our governor fbr taking action. ” 8. Which of the following is TRUE about the law?A. The law has not been put into practice.B. The law requires schools to start later than 8: 30 am.C. The law will be passed by July 1, 2022.D. The law is made by a university in California.9. What does the underlined word alert in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A. Friendly.B. Sharp.C. Calm.D. Honest.10. For a better academic performance in the daytime, how long do teenagers probably need to sleep?A. About 8 hours. B. About 9 hours.C. At least 10 hours. D. At most 8. 5 hours.11. What's the main idea of the text?A. Lack of sleep could lead to health problems.B. The amount of sleep people need changes with age.C. A new law lets students sleep longer.D. Sleeping problems are leading problems for teenagers.VI.七选五Earthquakes strike without warning and are among the most destructive natural disasters. Keeping calm and proper reaction can sometimes save your life. To ride out an earthquake, remember the phrase "drop, cover, and hold on."*Move away from buildings, street lights, power lines, and bridges.2 As soon as the ground begins shaking, try to get as far away as possible from any nearby structures. Do not seek shelter under a bridge or overpass.*Crouch down low in a wide open area until the shaking stops.Once you've made your way away from nearby structures, get on your hands and knees and cover your head. See if there are any objects nearby to use as a shield (遮蔽物)，such as a trash can lid. 3* 4As you go out after the earthquake, be careful of broken glass, rubble, downed power lines, fallen trees, and any other potential danger. Check yourself and anyone nearby for injuries. If necessary, perform first aid and call emergency services.*Get to higher ground if you're on the shore or near a dam.Earthquakes can cause tsunamis, so put distance between yourself and the coast. If a shaking lasts more than 20 seconds, 5 Get to ground that's at least 100 ft (30 m)above sea level or 2 miles (3. 2 km)from the shore. A. Don't wait for an alarm or warning to escape.B. Drop to your hands and knees under a table or desk.C. Watch out for danger as you observe your surroundings.D. Here are four tips helping you survive an earthquake if you are outdoors.E. If none are available, cover your head and neck with your hands and arms.F. The most dangerous locations during an earthquake are areas immediately around buildings.G. If possible, grab a pillow, sofa cushion, or another object to cover your face and head, vn.语法填空There 1. （be） no lights in sight but the night sky glowed （发出）a dusky yellow, because the Amazon was burning. The yellow flames engulfed （吞食）trees 2. lit up the sky. During the day, the sunshine was blocked3. thick smoke. So far, the fire 4. （put） out.The government has recorded 72, 843 fires. The fire is just one of5. （they） in the Amazon, the world's 6. （large） rainforest and a fighter against climatechange. According to Brazifs space research agency INPE, the wildfire has decreased by 17 percent so far this year compared to the same period in 2018.Environmental 7. （group）said the policies of the government encouraged deforestation （采伐森 林）of the Amazon, 8. led to more fires. But the government posted a report and wanted 9. （argue） against that. The government claimed that non-governmental organizations 10. （angry） set fire to the forest after it cut their funding.参考答案I . 1. This is one of the worst natural disasters（灾难）in the area.2. With the help of her teacher and through her own efforts（努力）,Helen graduated from university.3. You told me that you were worried about those bad study habits which affected（影响）your learning.4. Firemen were called out to rescue（营救）a man trapped in the building.5. The people in the earthquake area are in need of food, medicine and shelters（避难处）.6. Forty percent（百分比）of the students point out that Senior One students have a lot more homework to do every day.7. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could breathe（呼吸）all the time.8. Try to keep calm（镇静的）and just tell me what happened.9. Her beauty struck（打动）him deeply and he decided to date her.10.1 am having some flowers delivered（递送）for her birthday.II. 1. Many houses were destrvyed(destroy) and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed.2. When she smiles, it looks as if the sun were(be) shining.3. The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors fromthe sinking ship.4. The late flood did much damage to the village.5. He was trapped(trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.6. Buried(bury) in the newspaper, he didn't notice what was happening.7. Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself(you) down.8. Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done(do) something very clever.9. Then I saw ita thin arm waving(wave) weakly a few yards away.10. When I