人教新课标高中英语必修一Unit5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 知识点学案.docx

单元知识梳理和能力组合知识盘点I重点词汇1 .quality质量，品质2.willing愿意 3.active活跃的 4.fight打仗，斗争5.peaceful 和平的，平静的 6.prison 监狱 7.period 时期 8.law 法律 9.advise建议 lO.continue继续 14.position位置，职务 育18.fear担忧，害怕".stage阶段，舞台12.vote投票13.attack进攻，攻击 15.accept 接受 16.equal 平等的，相等的 17.educate 教 19.reward报酬，回报20.opinion意见，看法短语1.worry about 担忧2上e equal to 等于 3.out of work 失业4.introuble在麻烦中5上e sentenced to被判刑 6. lose heart灰心丧气7.be free from 没有，不受8.helpwith. .在某方面帮某人 9.be willing to愿意 lO.as a matter of fact事实上11.fight against 反抗，和斗争 12.put.in prison 把投进监狱 13.set up 成立14.blow up 炸毁e to power 当权，上台 16. escape from 从逃跑 17.find out 查清 楚，弄明白18.break the law 犯法 19.beg for 乞求 20. stop.from阻止做 21. fall ill 生病 22. achieve one's dream 实现梦想 23. be hopeful about 对.充满希望 句型1. This was a time when这是一个的时期。2. The first time第一次的时候3. Only修饰状语放句首引导倒装句4. should have done本应做某事而未做5. stop. from doing sth.阻止做某事 能力拓展1. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.我们被放在这样一个处境：要么承认我们不 如白人重要，要么和政府作斗争。fight短语fight +n.与 作战 / 打架=fight against sthfight for 为了 而战fight against 与作战/斗争fight with 与作战/并肩作战fight back 还击fight sb/sth off抵抗或击退fight about/over sth 因 而争吵例如：(1) fight a cold 抗感冒 fight a battle/ a war 打仗(2) fight off repeated enemy attacks 击退敌人一次又一次的进攻(3) fight for independence/ equal rights 为 了 独立/平等权利而战(4) fight against poverty/ injustice 与贫穷/不公正作斗争(5) If the enemy comes, we5ll fight back.如果敌人来，我们将还击。(6) Two dogs are fighting over a bone.两只狗在为一块骨头撕咬。(7) We will have to fight against difficulties.我们将不得不与困难作斗争。2. devotedevote oneself/sth to sb/sth为某人/某事付出(时间，精力等)例如：(1) He left office to devote more time to his family.为 了给家人更多时间,他放 弃了职(2) After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。devoted adj a devoted fan/ friend/supporter 忠实的粉丝/朋友/支持者devotedly adv.It is an army which serves the people devotedly.这是一支忠诚地为人民服务 的军队。devotion n.深爱，忠心，虔诚She will be remembered for her selfless devotion to the cause.她将因为对工作无私的奉献而被人们纪念。考题一： to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things.A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote答案是B。形容词表主语的状态，在句中作原因状语。考题二：He devoted himselfthe poor.A. helping B. helped C. to help D. to helping答案是D。devoted oneself to结构中to为介词，后加名词，代词或动名 1司。3. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went to for advice. 曼德拉就是我 去向他请教的那个黑人律师。advice noun U an opinion which someone offers you about what you should do or how you should act in a particular situation: 忠告，劝告； 建议； 指点(1) a piece of advice 一条建议(2) She gave me some good advice on how to learn English. 她就如何学英语给 了我一些好的建议。一(3) I think Ill take your advice and get the green dress.我想我会接受你的建议， 买那件绿裙子。(4) Can I give you a piece of advice?我能给你提一条建议吗？(5) My advice is to go by train.我的建议是坐火车去。(6) We went to Paris on Sarah's advice.我们依照萨拉的建议，去了巴黎。advise verbadvise + n.advise sb. to doadvise doingadvise sb. on sth.advise + wh- + to doadvise + that sb ( should ) + do自测题：(1) We are often advised notes in class, but few do so.A. takingB. takeC. to takeD. took(2) My sister advised me that I accept the job.A. wouldB. mightC. couldD. should(3) He often advised the young workers on the machine and they learnedquickly.A. to operateB. how operateC. how operating D. how to operate(4) I advised until the right time but they wouldn9t listen .A. to waitB. waitingC. waitedD. on wait(5) In one of his books, Marx gave some how to learn English.A. advices onB. advice on C. suggestion to D. suggestions ofKeys: (1) C(2) D (3) D (4) B (5) B拓展：should在虚拟语气中的用法(1) .用于主语从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、 要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：(should) +动词原形。常这样用的形容词有：appropriate 适当的，advisable 适当的，合理的,desirable 理想的，important 重要的insistent坚持的，natural自然的，necessary必要的，preferable优越的， strange奇怪的，urgent紧迫的，vital极其重要的常这样用的过去分词有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。例如：It is important that you (should) win the voters'hearts.赢得选民的心是很重要 的。It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参力俱 乐部的活动。(2) .用于表语从句和同位语从句中表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名 词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：(should ) +动词原形。常这样用的名词有：resolution 决心，决议，pray 恳求，decision 决议，motion 提议，suggestion 建议，preference 选择，proposal 提议，advice 劝告，recommendation 推荐，desire 愿望，demand 要求，requirement 要求，order 命令,necessity 必要性,request 要求，idea主意、想法，例如：He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令热T青 款待这些客人。His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.他提议我们应该除掉 这些坏习惯。(3) .用于宾语从句中宾语从句中的虚拟语气某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命 令和要求等。其形式为：(should) +动词原形。常这样用的动词有：ask 要求，advise 劝告，determine 决定，decide 决定，command 命令，insist 坚持，intend 打算，prefer 宁愿，propose 提议，order 命令，recommend 推荐，request 要求，require 要求，suggest 建议，urge 主张，demand 要求，desire 渴望，direct 命令，例如：He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off.他要求推迟那个会议。They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting. 他们建议 所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词(宾补)与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用 的形容词相同。例如：We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.我们认为他在 行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。It's important that he (should) learn to read.他学会阅读是重要的。注意：suggest不表示“建议“，而表示”暗示、表明“时；insist不表示"坚持要某 人做某事时; 而表示“坚持认为“时，宾语从句用陈述语气。判断改错：(错) Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.你苍白的脸表明你病 了。(错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.(对)I insisted that you were wrong.我坚持认为你错了。(4) knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.我知道它会帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。equaln.对手，匹敌，同辈adj.平等的，胜任的vt.等于，比得上习惯用语：be equal to等于;有的能力勇气,力量等，胜任，忍耐得住be the equal to one's word 说至U 做至Ube without equal 无比， 无敌feel equal to 口能胜任，有能力去做例句：(1)Women demand equal pay for equal work. 妇女要求同工同酬。(2)She did not feel equal to receiving visitors. 她的身体不适，不能接见客人。(3)Hc is my equal in strength. 他和我力气一样大。(4)He is equaled by no one in kindness.没有人比他更善良。5. You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. 你不能想 象罗本岛这个名字多么令我们害怕。imagine想象；设想；认为+ (that) (l)Imagine (that) you're eating an ice cream -try to feel how cold itis.(2)They hadn*t imagined (= expected) (that) it would be so difficult.+ wh- (l)Can you imagine how it feels to be blind?(2)1 can't imagine what he looks like,我想象不出他是什么长相。+ ing She imagined herself sitting in her favorite armchair back home.+ sb/sth +(to be)+adjDon*t imagine yourself to be always correct.不要以为自己总是对。imagination n. 想象力Imagination is more important than knowledge.想象力比知识更重要。imaginary adj.想象中的，虚构的All the characters in this book are imaginary.这本书中的人物全是虚构 的。imaginative adj.富于想象力的imaginative writers富有想像力的作家6. It was a prison from which no one escaped,那是一个没有人从那里逃掉的监 狱。escape v,n逃脱；避免verb. + from A lion has escaped from its cage. 一只狮子从笼子里跑了。+ sth (l)She was lucky to escape serious injury.她很幸运避免了严重 的伤害。(2)Nothing important escapes her notice / attention.重要的事她总 能注意到。+ v-ing He narrowly escaped punishment / being punished.他侥幸逃脱 了惩罚。+ sb His name escapes me (= I have forgotten his name). 我想不起他 的名字了。noun:They had / made a narrow escape when their car crashed.撞车时他们勉强逃 过一劫。escaped adj. an escaped prisoner 一个逃犯7. They said the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说这份 工作和从新的南非政府领到的薪水是对我多年为黑人的平等权利而战的回报。reward n;vnoun C报偿；酬金；赏金；奖赏There's a reward for whoever finishes first.第一个完成的人有奖赏。(2)The police offered a big reward for any information about the robbery. 警方 为获得抢劫案的线索而重金悬赏。verb:奖赏；给(某人)报酬(l)Thc company rewarded him for his years of service with a grand farewell party.公司用一个盛大的告别会来回报他多年的服务。(2)A11 his hard work was rewarded (= was made worth it) when he saw his book in print.当他看到自己的书出版时，他所有的辛苦都得到了回报。rewardingadj.值得做的，有益的；令人满意的It is a rewarding job,这是个值得做的工作。8. The scientist from whom . never lost heart when he was in trouble.为R位科 学家在困难时从不灰心丧气。（l）heart 短语lose heart 灰心，泄气lose one's heart to 爱上，喜欢at heart从内心来说heart and soul 全心全意break one's heart 使心碎put one's heart into把全部心思放在learn / know by heart 记熟例句： ©Please don't lose heart. You still have more chances.She lost her heart to him as soon as she saw thehandsome soldier.It breaks my heart to see him crying.我看见他哭，感到很难过。He devoted himself heart and soul to his work.他全心全意致力于工作。（2）trouble 短语in trouble 有麻烦ask for trouble 自寻麻烦 make trouble制造麻烦take trouble to do sth.费心做某事get into trouble 遇到麻烦have trouble （in） doing sth.做某事有困难save / spare trouble省去麻烦短语填空： He never came except when he was（有麻烦）. Don't imagine that you're the only person（不 幸）. The boy（出事了）when he left home to live in London. That's none of your business. Please don't（自寻麻烦） No trouble was （节省）to ensure your comfort.Keys:in trouble in trouble got into trouble ask for trouble saved/spared9. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. 这事很危险，产为如果我被抓住，我可能会被投进监狱。prison短语be in prison在狱中go to prison入狱put.in prison / send.to prison / throw.into prison把.投入监狱be taken to prison 被关进监狱break prison 越狱，从狱中逃走注意：以上短语prison前不带冠词，常见的这类名词有：bed, university, sea, class, school, hospital, home, town 等， 常构成固定搭配 如下：go to school 去上学 go to church去做礼拜 in class 上课go to bed去睡觉 in prison 坐牢 at table 进餐go to market 去市场 in hospital 住院at school 上学考题： While he was atcollege, he took part in political activities, and wasB. /; the C. /; /soon thrown into prison. A. the; /D. the; the答案是C。第一空表示上大学，第二空表示入狱，都不要冠词。10. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.黑人 不能投票也不能选择他们的领导。choose 用法：choose + n . 选中choose +to do 决定； 愿意choose from / between 从.选择choose sb. + as选某人当choose sb. sth.二 choose sth. for sb.为某人选某物choose + wh- + to docannot choose but do 只好做(1) Some people say that they to live in the countryside.A. enjoyB. feel likeC. choose D. miss(2) There are five pairs, but Fm at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosingKeys: (1)C (2)Bchoice noun C or U an act or the possibility of choosing:(1) Its a difficult choice to make.这个选择很难做。(2) It's your choice/The choice is yours (= only you can decide). 你来决定。(3) It was a choice between pain now or pain later, so I chose pain later. 这是一个 先痛和后痛之间的选择，我选后痛。(4) Now you know all the facts, you can make an informed choice.现在你了解情 况了，你可以根据了解的情况作出选择。(5) Fd prefer not to work but I don't have much choice (= this is not possible). 我不愿意工作，但我没什么选择余地。_(6) He had no choice but to accept (= He had to accept).他没办法只能接受。(7) Is she single by choice?她自己选择单身的吗？