解析：2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题（解析版）.docx

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国I卷）英语学科本试卷共12页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生 信息条形码粘贴区。2 .选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3 .请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草 稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4 .作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5 .保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 第一部分 听力（120小题）在笔试结束后进行。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake （杀U车）,bikes with hand brake and gears （#F挡），bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.PricesHand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.50D It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore whafs happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.【答案】16.D17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过 列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。【16题详解】根据空前内容 u Taking responsibility fbr mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err （犯错）is human.（为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过）”可知，作者认为人都会 犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.（你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点）”中的“do this”以及下文内 容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D "It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.（宽恕自己也同样重要）”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。【17题详解】根据空前内容 “In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading "Personal strengths.（在日记或纸上写上“个 人优点“以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.（你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你 慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的 方面就行）”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B uNow list all the characteristics you like about yourself.（现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点）”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选 Bo【18题详解】根据上文内容 “At the top of a second page, put the heading "Acts of kindness." On this one, list all the positive things you've done fbr others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.（在第二页的顶部， 写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业 的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候）”可知，本段 主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F u Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write itdown.（不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来）”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事 情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。【19题详解】根据空后 内容“ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.（这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们 个性中闪光的方面）”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项 C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.（他们甚至可能想试一试做练习）”符合语境，C 项 中的 “they” 与空前的 “You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.（你可以让朋友或家人 帮你增加你的列表内容。）”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.（事实上， 不要 等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个一一这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法）”中的“this” 一致。故选C。【20题详解】根据空前内容 “It's something of a cliche （陈词滥调）that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, ifs true.（大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习,而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥 调。但事实是,这是真的）”可知,作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G "Whatever the mistake, remember it isn,t a fixed aspect of your personality.（不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面）”符合语境， G 项中的 “isn't a fixed aspect of your personality” 和空后内容 “We，re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.（我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方 式）”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have21 the course earlier than she did. Her 22 came because she was carrying a 23 across the finish line.As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 24 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 25 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 26, She couldn't Bailey then 27 to let Lenoueclimb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get28 attention.Once there, Lenoue was 29 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuriesin one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 30 to make it to that aid checkpoint withoutBailey's help.As for Bailey, she is more 31 about why her act is considered a big 32. “She was just crying.I couldn't 33 her,“ Bailey told the reporter. feel like I was just doing the right thing.28. A 29. B 30. B 31.Although the two young women were strangers before the 34、they've since become friends. NeitherC 32. D 33. A34. C 35. Bwon the race, but the _35of human kindness won the day.21. A. designedB. followedC. changedD. finished22. A. delayB. chanceC. troubleD.excuse23. A. judgeB. volunteerC. classmateD. competitor24. A. raceB. schoolC. townD. training25. A. agreedB. returnedC. stoppedD. promised26 A. courageB. aidC. patienceD. advice27. A. went awayB. stood upC. stepped asideD. bent down28. A. medicalB. publicC. constantD. equal29. A. interruptedB. assessedC. identifiedD. appreciated30. A. hungerB. painC. coldD. tiredness31. A. worriedB. ashamedC. confusedD. discouraged32. A. gameB. problemC. lessonD. deal33. A. leaveB. cureC. botherD. understand34. A. rideB. testC. meetD. show35. A. secretB. displayC. benefitD.exchange【答案】21.D22. A23. D 24. A25. C 26. B 27. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C.changed 改变；D. finished 完成。根据下一段的 ucarried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention,可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了, 因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机 会；C. trouble 麻烦；D. excuse 借口。根据上文 “Melanie Bailey should have 1 the course earlierthan she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对 手冲过终点线。故选A。23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志 愿者；C. classmate 同学；D. competitor 参赛者。根据第一段的 “hundreds of runners competed in a crosscountryrace” 可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名 选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C.town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race” 可知，此处是说“当 Bailey 跑至I比赛的三分之二多 的时候”。故选A。25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B.returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文to help her fellow runnerv可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴 Danielle Lenoueo故选 Co【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮 助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的 帮助下向前走。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后 又走了 300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开；B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让 路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的 背上。故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然 后又走了 300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C.constant持续不 断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗,medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受 了重伤。A. interrupted 打断；B. assessed 评估；C. identified 识别；D. appreciated 感激。根据下文 “later taken to a hospital"可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查 站。A. hunger 饥饿；B. pain 疼痛；C. cold 感冒；D. tiredness 疲劳。根据第 5 空前的 “began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查 站”。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey,她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried 担心的；B. ashamed 惭愧的；C. confused 困惑的；D. discouraged 泄气的。根据下文 “I feel like I was just doing the right things可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感 到困惑。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey,她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游 戏；B. problem 问题；C. lesson 课；D. deal 交易，局面。根据下文 “I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打.扰；D.understand理 解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了 300 英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride 短途旅程；B. test 测试；C. meet 体育比赛；D. show 展示。根据第一段 “hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country racev及空前的 uthe two young women were strangers beforev可知，当时是一场比赛，句 子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B.display 展示；C. benefit 利益；D. exchange 交换。根据第二段的"let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 37 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)，38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, lettingthe hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 39(recognize) home of the soup dumplings butfood historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed40 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them41 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of42 (they)contents. The meat should be fresh with 43 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 45(want) more next time.【答案】36. tasty37. to bite38. or39. recognized40. by41. to be lifted42. their 43. a44. rarely 45. wanting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法寺寺O【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜 欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty “美味的”作定语，故填tasty。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放 进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth .“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面toput并列 作宾语，故填to bite。【38题详解】考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whetheror”是还是”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填。久【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔 才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分 词recognized作定语，recognized “被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同一一更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的， 而不是擀出来的。by hand “用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会 撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾 语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them （指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式 to be liftedo 故填 to be lifted。【42题详解】考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕 裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents（东西）需用形容词性物主代词theiro故填theiro【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of "一点点； 稍许”，常用搭配，touch “轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely “少有”，故填rarely。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次 再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句 意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46. 假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存 在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括；1 .说明问题；2 .提出建议。注意:1 .写作词数应为80个左右：2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Ryan,I'm Li Hua from Class 3.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【答案】Dear Ryan,I'm Li Hua from Class 3. I think it's not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with.My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together. Thank you for considering my suggestion.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇是应用文写作，要求考生给外教写一封邮件，告诉他将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后 练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。【详解】1.词汇积累首先：to begin with > first of all提高：improve > progress建议：suggestion > advice选择：choose 一 select2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句： My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.拓展句： My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.【点睛】高分句型1This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.（运用 了 现在分词作状语）高分句型2Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with.（运用 了 省略句和 who 引导定语从句） 第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材,料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.So, why did he suddenly force me to do something