高考英语北京卷七选五讲解讲义高三英语一轮复习.docx

2023年高考北京卷英语七选五讲解讲义It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. (35)When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. (36)Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (37) The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.Rankings, however; are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don't view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册)or funding. 38Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.(39) Nevertheless； not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.B. Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion.C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.F. They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.解题分析北京卷的七选五题目很少出现简单的标题式文章，基本都是完整正式的段落，这就要 求你对相邻句重要信息对应的意识更强，同时要具备一定的文章主题和段落主题概括能力， 这两项能力也是我们在阅读理解中功11练的重要能力。在这篇解析里，我来给你完全复现一下我自己在第一次面对这篇题目时的解题过程， 供各位参考。35题35 题的相邻句只有一句话,"Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.家庭通常会借助排名体系来帮助做决策”。因为空格位于文章开头，并没有出现太 多的内容提示，所以你要关注的就是这句话里的重要名词概念：family、rankings systems, decision ,相邻句的内容必然与这些概念有密切关系。七个选项哪个能满足这个要求呢？从上到下看一遍，只有D和G两个选项里提到了 rankingo两个选项都有表示转折逻辑的关系词however和in fact，但是G选项里写到的“大 学转移重心”与前文根本无法形成转折，所以答案只能选择D选项，“排名忽略了重要因素”。 家庭依赖排名来做决定，但是排名本身有瑕疵，这才是合理的转折逻辑。另外，D选项和G选项还有一个最为本质的差别，就是D选项是明显的负态度。在文 章开头引出某个有问题的现状，随后分析问题背后的原因和解决方案，是高考阅读说明文 和议论文常见的套路。你在过往的阅读经验，也应该提示你D选项才是正确答案。36题36题所在的段落很短，也就意味着不会出现太多的信息。相邻句只有前面的一句话， 重点是主句"they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings 他 们惊讶于教学优秀不算在排名内”，前面的when从句没有什么重要信息，可以忽略。和上一题的解题思路相同，你要在选项里寻找的就是和surprised, teaching excellence 内容关系密切的语句。另外，前面的句子里提到“teaching excellence is not counted教学优 秀不算在内”是个负态度的体现，这一点也是参考依据。结合以上的解题依据，36题可以轻易选出正确选项F选项“他们更加惊讶的是大学对 教学的不重视"。无论是代词they还是even more surprised的递进关系，再加上undervalue 体现的负态度，都和相邻句完全契合。这道题应该是全文中最简单的题。在第一段指出问题过后，第二段明显是在用作者的具体经历来展现问题的现状，让读 者对这个问题有更加形象的认识，随后就该分析问题背后的原因了。这是典型的“发现问题 解决问题”类文章的写作套路。37题如果我说37题的解题依据在38题那一段，你能想明白为什么吗？38题那一段的开头出现了非常引人注目的however，仔细扫一眼发现句子里写的是 "rankings, however, are only one reason然而，排名只是原因之一”，明显是个承上启下的 过渡句。你应该能想明白，这段随后会给出另一个原因，那么37题所在的上一段就是第一 个原因。第一个原因是什么？ rankingso37题的答案需要选择的是G选项“大学常常把重点 从教学转移到其它排名因素上”，因为这是唯一剩下的和rankings有关的选项。即便不用这么天马行空的方式解题，只是去看37题的相邻句，你也会看到前面写到的 是“排名低和排名高的学校对比”，后面写的是“排名里教学优秀的缺失”，说到的都是和 rankings直接相关的内容，仍然要选择关系最密切的G选项。你问我为什么在做37题的时候会诡异地看到38题那一段？因为经过了大量的文章训 练后，你的双眼就会习惯于一次性看到文章的某个区域，而不是某个独立的词，大概就是 中文所说的“一目十行”。另外，对文章整体写作套路的熟悉，也能让你在对接下来会出现 什么内容有相对准确的预判。38题刚才说到了，这一段是问题背后的另一个原因，所以必然应该是负态度体现。这一点 从38题空格的相邻句也能看出来，前面说“管理人员不认为教学优秀有用”，后面说“教师 花在教学上的时间和薪水呈反比”。其实，这段话第一句里的a low value和最后的lower success rates已经完全表明了负态度。只要抓住了负态度，这道题就是送分题了。剩下的ABCE四个选项里，只有B选项“因 此，在招聘或晋升时也不重视”是负态度。因为管理人员认为没用，所以他们不重视，因果 的逻辑关系也完全成立。39题分析完两个原因之后，文章必然进入提出解决方案的环节。借助“一目十行”的能力一 眼就能看到39题所在段落最后和文章尾段里密集的should ,这两段话肯定是提建议了。39题虽然是段首句，但是在空格后面立刻出现了转折逻辑标志词"nevertheless然而”, 所以空格内容必然与相邻句内容相反。转折之后是“没有什么会改变"，那么转折之前一定 是“有些东西发生了改变”，能够满足于要求的只有E选项“出现了改进教学的努力”。回头看看你选择的选项，你会发现前四道题都是负态度语句，因为它们所在的位置都 是发现问题和分析问题的环节，必然涉及各种各样负态度的表述。只有最后一道题是正态 度语句，因为需要通过随后的转折把正态度转变为负态度。这就是A选项“高等教育已经发 挥了其真正的潜力”和C选项“优质教学一直是口碑积累的重要因素”没有被选择的原因，这 两句话都是正态度表述，在文章中只有39题一个空格需要正态度。到此为止，五道题全都完成了。在解题的过程里，相邻句的名词概念、正负态度、逻 辑关系以及文章的结构都在发挥着作用，这也是七选五题目重点考查的解题思路。It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.对于美国学生和他们的家人而言，决定去哪里上大学是一年中既愉悦又 有压力的时候。学生家庭通常会借助排名体系来帮助做决策。然而，排名忽略了一个关键 因素：教学质量。When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities作为高等教育学者，当我与家庭交谈时，他们常常 会惊讶于教学卓越居然不参与排名。他们更加惊讶的是大学对教学的不重视。Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程，在教学方面平均得分要高于排名 较高的大学的课程。事实上，大学常常把重点从教学转移到其它排名因素上。教学卓越不 参与排名这一点令人惊讶，因为高质量的教学直接关系到学生的成功。优质教学对于所有 大学的成果都是最重要的预测指标之一。Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don't view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment or funding. Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion. Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.然而，排名只是高等教育不重视教学的原因之一。管理者通常不把教学卓越 看作增加入学或获得资金的途径。因此，在招聘或晋升时也不重视这一点。研究表明，教 师在教学上花费的时间越多，薪水越低。结果呢？许多教师继续使用传统的讲座式教学， 最后导致成功率降低。Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.最近，有些大学在努力提升教学质量。然而，除非拥有高质量教学的学 校得到更多的资源回报、更高的排名和更多的入学人数，否则现状不会出现什么转变。从 长期来看，大学、进行学校排名的组织和其它机构应该努力把教学作为教育使命的重要核 心组成部分。What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower学生和他们的家庭应该怎么做？他们应该认真考虑那些重视教学质量的大学即使这些学校的排名较低。A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.B. Therefore, it's not highly valuedin hiring or promotion.C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently . They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by . In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.A.高等教育已经发挥了其真正的潜力。B.因此，在招聘或晋升时也不重视这一点。C. 优质教学一直是口碑积累的重要因素。D.然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。 E.最近，有些大学在努力提升教学质量。F.他们更加惊讶的是大学对教学的不重视。G.事 实上，大学常常把重点从教学转移到其它排名因素上。