重庆市第一中学校高三下学期信心考试英语试题(含听力）.docx

20222023学年下期高2023届信心考试英语试题（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项:1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在 本试卷上无效。3 .满分150分，考试时间120分钟。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How does the woman feel now?A. Bad.B. Well.C. Nervous.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Hello! Laura, how are you today?W: Hi, Bob. I'm feeling very nervous. I just had a test and I'm not sure how well or how badly I did.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where does the conversation probably take place?A. Inside a bookstore.B. Outside a cinema.C. In a sports center.【答案】B【解析】原文W: Look! The ticket of the film is ten dollars per person.M: But if we have student cards, we can get in for two dollars.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的 “To me, the room represents how I've found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight.(对我来说，这个房间代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通过重 新连接我搁置的年轻的自己，通过在我的生活中为快乐留出空间，通过创造一个允许快乐机会的环境。)” 及全文可知，文章讲述了作者通过重拾青少年时代的摄影兴趣重新获得快乐的故事。所以"Regaining Pleasure Through Photography(通过摄影重新获得乐趣)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。CIf you've ever emerged from the shower or returned from your walk with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you had been struggling with, it may not be a surprise. Rather than constantly concentrating on a problem, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs when they're doing a habitual task that doesn't require much thought."People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting, novel ideas at unexpected times J says Kalina Christoff, a scientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, "because our culture tells us that we should do it through hard work.”Now researchers begin to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive activities and what's happening in the brain. They have found that the key is a series of brain activitieswithin what's called the default mode (DM) network-that occur while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don't require much attention.“Simply put, it is a state that your brain returns to when you're relaxed/9 explains Christoff. "By contrast, when you're working on a demanding task, the brain's executive control (EC) systems keep your thinking focused, analytical, and logical.”Researchers find that the DM network is also involved in the early stages of idea generation, drawing from past experiences and knowledge about the world. When your mind wanders, you,re allowing thoughts to playfully cross your mind, which helps you bine information and ideas in new ways and something clicks.“A cautionary note: While the DM network plays a key role in the creative process, it is the EC systems that help you to evaluate and apply the creative ideas effectively to your problems in the real world J Christoff says. "So it's unwise to place blind faith in the discovery that creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind wandering. Instead, you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in the first place.”28. What is the most unlikely function of the EC systems?A. To start your thinking process.B. To help you analyze.C. To let you get novel ideasD. To keep you focused.29. What do the underlined words "something clicks" in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. A clever idea occurs.B. Something drops down.C. A memory disappears.D. A funny thought happens.30. What is Kalina Christoff's attitude to the culture of hard work?A. Disapproving.B. Positive.C. Doubtful.D. Unconcerned.31. Which statement might the author agree with?A. Practice makes perfect.B. Where there is a will, there is a way.C. Everything es to him who waits.D. All work and no break makes Jack a dull boy.【答案】28.C29. A 30. B 31. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了创意经常会在放松状态下出现的心理机制。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段 “ 'By contrast, when you're working on a demanding task, the brain's executive control (EC) systems keep your thinking focused, analytical, and logical.'” ( “相比之下，当你在处理一项要求很高 的任务时，大脑的执行控制系统(EC)会让你的思维保持集中、分析性和逻辑性。”)”可知，EC系统主 导的是有意识的思维活动而不是无意识的创意思维活动，让你开始思维过程，帮助你分析，保持你集中， 不能让你获得新的想法。故选C。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前 “Researchers find that the DM network is also involved in the early stages of idea generation, drawing from past experiences and knowledge about the world.(研究人员发现，DM 网络也参与 了 想法产生的早期阶段，从过去的经验和对世界的了解中汲取知识。)”结合划线句“Whenyourmind wanders, you're allowing thoughts to playfully cross your mind, which helps you bine information and ideas in new ways and something clicks当你走神的时候,你允许一些想法在你的脑海中嬉戏，这有助于你以新的方式 结合信息和想法，并somethinq clicks。)”可推断，something clicks与idea generation所表达的意思相近， 即当走神时，想法在我们的脑海中嬉戏，有助于我们以新的方式将信息和想法结合起来，这样一个聪明的 想法就产生了。故划线部分与A项“一个聪明的想法产生”意思相符。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “So it's unwise to place blind faith in the discovery that creative ideas can begenerated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind wandering. Instead, you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in the first place. "（盲目相信创造性的想法可以在淋浴或任何其他类 型的走神过程中产生是不明智的。相反，你必须先做一些工作，为创意的出现打下基础）”可知，Kalina Christoff认为不能盲目相信在走神过程中会产生是不明智的，还是要努力为创意的出现打好基础，因此推 断他对努力工作这一文化持正面态度的。故选B。31题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第一段 uIf you9ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from your walk with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you had been struggling with, it may not be a surprise. Rather than constantly concentrating on a problem, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs when they're doing a habitual task that doesn't require much thought.（如果你曾经洗 完澡或散步回来，想到了一个聪明的主意或解决了你一直在纠结的问题，这可能并不奇怪。过去15年的 研究表明，人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时，可能更有可能取得创造性突破，而不是一直专 注于一个问题）”可知，大脑机制决定了只有劳逸结合才能富有创意。由此推知，作者可能会同意D项“只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻”的说法。故选D。DThe world's forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented. Most are likely in the tropics, according to the new research.The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets: One, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide. The other, TREECHANGE, puts together sightings of individual species. Together they suggest there are approximately 64,100 recorded tree species on the planet-up from previous estimates of around 60,000.The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases. Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare, found in limited numbers in small geographical areas, says the quantitative forest ecologist Jingjing Liang. The team's result is “a rather conservative estimate J Liang says, "because scientists know less about the preponderanceof unmon trees in places such as the Amazon, where outoftheway spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.” "If we can fbcus the resources on those rain forests in the Amazon J Liang adds, "then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.Silman, a conservation biologist, who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate. His and his colleagues, local surveys suggest there are at least 3,000 and possibly more than 6,000 unknown tree species in the Amazon basin alone. Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance, he notes, so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity. Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. "How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon - or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption? How many “species“ already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet? he says.Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out, Silman says. "Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as mon as trees out there that are still left to be discovered J he adds, "I find pretty inspirational.32. What is the finding of the new research?A. Maintaining tree diversity has bee a global challenge.B. About nine thousand new tree species have been identified.C. Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science.D. Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees.33. What can be learned about the research method?A. The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data.B. The researchers did extensive field study in outoftheway spots.C. Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method.D. Inferring from the existing dada is the main research method.34. The underlined word "preponderane“ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to.A. majorityB. durationC. cultivationD. capacity35. According to Silman, one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species may be that.A. genetic analysis technique failed to produce accurate informationB. Even the local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species.C. trees of similar sizes in the Amazon basin are grouped togetherD. too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented 【答案】32.C33. D 34. A 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过新的调查研究，得出的对全球的树木生物种类的数量估 算，其中还包括一些未记录在案的树种；同时一些生物学家通过调查认为在亚马逊热带雨林里面，还有许 多不知名的树种等待人们去发现，这也令这些生物学家们倍受鼓舞。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 “The world's forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species yet to be documented.（世界上的森 林可能拥有比以前想象的更多的秘密：一项新的全球树木生物多样性估计表明，约有9200种树木尚未被 记录在案。）可知，该项新研究指出成千上万的树种仍不为科学所知。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets. "（这项新研究利用了数百名贡献者的努力，他们在两个巨大的数据集 中对树木进行了 分类。）和第三段 “The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases. ” （根据数据库中已有的 稀有物种的数量，研究人员得出了他们对另外9200个尚未记录的物种的估计。）可知，该研究的主要方法 是从已有的数据中进行推断得出结论。故选D。【34题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容 “such as the Amazon, where outoftheway spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else."（比如亚马逊，在那里偏僻的地方可能有一些其他地方没有的不常见的 树种。）可知，这里通过举例子说明划线词所在部分“scientists know less about the preponderance of unmon trees in places such as the Amazon n（科学家们对亚马逊等地大多数不常见的树木知之甚少）中，在如亚马 逊雨林这种地方有很多科学家们没见过、不了解的树种，所以他们对这里大多数不常见的树木都知之甚 少，故 uthe prdponderance ofv表示“大多数”，与 "the majority of” 同义。故选 A。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 “Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. "How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon-or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption? How many “species“ already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet? he says.” （Sliman想知道有多少树种会在科学家描述它们之前灭绝。“已 经有多少树种被亚马逊当地人所熟知，又有多少是被因殖民、疾病或同化而灭绝的民族或文化所知道的？ 有多少“物种”已经有干燥的样本放在橱柜里？ ”他说。）可知，Sliman认为当地的民族或文化也不完全 了解这些树种，所以这也是树种数量被低估的一个原因。故选B。第二节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Jessica Nabongo longs to set foot in every nation. She started traveling at age four, along with her parents on family trips from Detroit, Michigan and pleted her mission when she landed in the Seychelles, having visited 195 countries. 36 Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical （道德的）tourism .Here she talks to us about her experience and tips for traveling better.What inspires your adventures?37 I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the world, even at home in the United States.Did you ever experience any obstacles?I don't believe in failure. 38 Embarrassment isn't a natural human personality, in my eyes it es from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I'd laugh at myself. I firmly believe that every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn.39My mother has always said “ humble （使谦逊）yourself. I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with a lot of ego （自我）,or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.What are some things people can do to travel more sustainably （可持续地）?Single use plastic is one of the biggest things harming Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that. 40If you' re in a restaurant and you don, t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion. Ws about being a deliberate （慎重 的）traveler, just taking that extra minute to think how I can have a lower impact on this place that V m in and on the planet in general.A. But it's not just about the country count.B. I believe failure is the mother of success.C. Curiosity-that's whafs always inspired me.D. What did you depend on during your travel?E. And I don't have the ability to be embarrassed.F. What's the best piece of advice you've received?G. But I also think it's important to watch how much you waste.【答案】36.A37. C 38. E 39. F 40. G【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。杰西卡纳邦戈渴望踏足每一个国家，本文向我们讲述了她的经历和如何更好地 旅行的建议。【36题详解】根据上文 uhaving visited 195 countries（到访了 195 个国家）”以及下文 “Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical （道德的）tourism（一路走来，她成为了一名作 家、摄影师，也是包容性和道德旅游的热情倡导者）”可推理出此处上下文说的是她不仅到访国家的数量 多，而且还做了许多其他的重要的事情，与A项"But ifs not just about the country count（但是重要的不仅仅 是国家的数量）”表达的含义一致，故选A项。【37题详解】根据下文 “I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the world, even at home in the United States（我强烈希望看到世界各地人们生活方式的差异和相似之处，甚至是 在美国的家里）”可推理出此处上下文说的是她有很强的好奇心，与C项“Curiositythat's what's always inspired me（好奇心：那是一直赋予我灵感的东西）”表达的含义一致，故选C项。【38题详解】根据下文 u Embarrassment isn't a natural human personality, in my eyes it es from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I'd laugh at myself. I firmly believe that every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn（在我看来，尴尬不是人类天生的性格，它来自社会化。如果我在中央车站中间摔倒，我 会自嘲。我坚信，你生命中的每一次失败都只是一次学习的机会）”可推理出此处上下文说的是Jessica Nabongo不相信失败并不感到尴尬，因为她认为失败是学习的机会，与E项u And I don9t have the ability to be embarrassed（我没有能力感至尴尬）”表达的含义一致，故选E项。【39题详解】根据下文 “My mother has always said " humble （使谦逊）yourself." I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class