Unit14单元检测高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性.docx

选择性必修一 Unitl-4单元检测（总分150分,时间120分钟）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15题，每小题2.5分，满分3分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AHere is a list of some of the best museums for children in America.Please Touch Children's MuseumThis museum lies in Philadelphia. It offers Alice in Wonderland exhibits where young children can play with giant flowers and have tea parties. Kids can also play on musical instruments and babies can crawl on lily pads, which make musical sounds.The Children's Museum of IndianapolisThis museum lies in Indiana. It holds a fair share of dinosaur fossils （化石）.There are many fossils like the T. Rex, Bucky and many others in an 8,000-square-fbot area. Around 10,000 man-made objects, including a 55-ton steam engine and a 33-fbot tall water clock, are there in the 365,000-square-fbot area. It also offers activities like dinosaur building, camps and classes featuring space themes and other educational programs.Boston Children's MuseumThis museum lies in Massachusetts. The exhibits here are of health, art, science, culture and environment. In this museum, children also learn about Japanese culture. Activities like Play Lab, New Balance Climb and The Recycle Shop bring out the creativity in children.National Museum of PlayThis museum, which lies in Rochester area of New York, has a wide collection of dolls, games, toys and other home crafts dating back to the 19th century. Here, educational tours include stories of machines and other toys. Kids can walk in Sesame Street exhibit and cook food at play or TV studios.Children's Museum of HoustonThis museum lies in Texas. Termed as the best playground for mind, this museum offers scores of activities fbr kids of every age. It even offers free family adventure events where families with their kids are encouraged to work on math activities and games. Children also learn about broadcasting activities and preserving ecosystems.21. Children interested in environmental protection may well visit.A. National Museum of Play or Children's Museum of HoustonB. The Children's Museum of Indianapolis or National Museum of PlayC. Please Touch Children's Museum or Boston Children's MuseumD. Boston Children's Museum or Children's Museum of Houston22. If a couple with kids of different ages want to do activities together, they should go to.A. MassachusettsB. IndianaC. New YorkD. Texas23. Who might be most interested in this passage?A. Students.B. Parents.C. TeachersD. ResearchersBWhen Americans think of the lunch menu at their childhood school cafeterias, they probably imagine a shapeless, tasteless pile of mystery meat - plus some brown much（糊状物），to match. But fbr children in Japan, school lunches are a rich experience where culture, nutrition and sustainability collide.“Japan's standpoint is that school lunches are a part of education, not a break from it,“ Masahiro Oji, a government director of school health education in Japan, told The Washington Post.Fare offered at schools in Japan is affordable, fresh, and made by the students themselves. And Japanese children don't just eat the food they prepare; they learn about the nutritional（营养的）and cultural elements of their meals, too. The food is grown locally and includes a balanced menu of rice, vegetable, fish and soups. As a bonus, each meal costs just $2.50."Parents hear their kids talking about what they had for lunch,“ Tatsuji Shino, the principal at Umejima Elementary School in Tokyo, told The Washington Post, "and kids ask them to re-create the meals at home.Japanese students also learn cooperation （合作）and etiquette（礼仪）as they serve and clean up after each other. Mealtime is a scene of communal duty: In both elementary and middle schools, students in white coats and caps serve their classmates. Children eat in their classrooms. They get identical meals, and if they leave food untouched, they are out of luck: Their schools have no vending machines. Children in most districts are barred from bringing food to school, either, until they reach high school.Considering the fact that Japan has one of the world's lowest childhood obesity（月R 胖）rates, the U.S. probably has a lot to learn from this country9 s school lunches. A 2011 study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch where options include pizza, chicken tenders（炸鸡柳）and French fries were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home.24. According to the article, which of the following can best describe what Americans think of their lunch at school?A. Tasty.B.Ordinary （平凡的）C. Disgusting （令人厌恶的）.D.Unique.25. What does the underlined word "Fare" in the third paragraph probably mean?A. Food.B.Breakfast.C. Drinks.D.Price.26. Why do Japanese school students prepare lunch by themselves?A. To allow students to learn to work together.B. To teach students some basic life skills.C. To let students learn about nutritional values of foods.D. To inspire students to share their food with others.27. From the passage, we can draw a conclusion that.A. Japan has the lowest rate of obesity in the worldB. Japanese schools pay much attention to cooperation and etiquetteC. American school children don't bring homemade lunchesD. Students in Japan are healthier in every way than those in AmericaCA popular saying goes, "Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me." However, that's not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn't matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We're usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. Tn fact, we really shouldn't be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.This "selRtalk“ helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of selftalk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your roomjoin me in saying "Good job!”Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. Or harsh （刻薄的）and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.Words possess power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn't pass this test, then it's better left unsaid.Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem （自尊）and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.28. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us.B. Inspiring words give us confidence.C. Negative words may let us down.D. Words have a lasting effect on us.29. We don't need to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because.A. almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselvesB. we can benefit from talking to ourselvesC. talking to ourselves always gives us courageD. it does no harm to have "selAtalk“ when we are alone30. The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely.A. praise ourselvesB. remind ourselvesC. make ourselves relaxedD. give ourselves happiness31. The author would probably hold the view that.A. encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offersB. negative words may encourage us to make more progressC. people tend to remember friendly wordsD. it's better to think twice before talking to othersDWhat do you do when you have a problem? Would you ask a crowd of strangers fbr a solution? It may sound strange, but it has encouraged this successful innovation （仓新）.That*s the thinking behind a challenge prize.Challenge prizes come in many shapes and sizes but the basic concept （观念）remains the same. Rather than paying an expert to work out a solution, you offer the prize to anyone who believes they can solve it and presented the first to do so with a prize. Many would argue, "who is better qualified （有资格的）than an expert”. But actually, not using an expert will result in a great deal of thinking outside of the box.Some argue that formal education can kill creativity, because it sometimes only teaches a single method to achieve the task. Similarly, some suggests that experts can have the same problem. "If we set up a challenge prize, the "experts9 that come to compete in it may tell us it can*t be done," says Marcus Shingles, the former CEO of the XPRIZE Foundation.There are other advantages too. "You are not asking people to use a particular solution set on how to solve that problems. So you get the large amount of diversity,“ adds Shingles. And because the crowd acts like a think tank （智囊团）.Various thinking can throw up issues that may have been overlooked （忽视）.However, there are dangerous connected to challenge prizes. "You don't want to be creating a challenge prize which inspires people to solve a problem where there is no demand,“ says Tris Dyson, the Executive Director of Nesta's Center for Challenge prizes. This happened in 1979 when a prize of £100,000 was claimed by the first person to fly under human power across the English Channel. Despite its success, it has not led to the adoption of human powered flight as a form of travel. And of course, there are those who invest their personal time and money only to see no return at all.The pros and cons of challenge prizes affect both problems-setters and problem-solvers. But they don*t seem to be going out of style anytime soon. To many, the challenge to innovate and the attraction of the prize are too much to resist 6氐制）. And there is no solution fbr that.32. What is the basic concept behind a challenging prize?A. Rewarding the first one to solve a challenging problem.B. Competing with the experts to get a particular solution.C. Challenging the formal education that kills creativity.D. Picking out someone more qualified than experts.33. According to Marcus Shingles, what can be the problem with experts?A. Overlooking possible details about a problem.B. The lack of connection on practical innovations.C. Failure to find a solution due to habitual thinking.D. Overconfidence in finding a best solution.34. What is the potential danger of challenge prizes?A. Prizes received no return in terms of practical use.B. The money shortage prevents the adoption of innovations.C. Innovations are likely to go out of date in a short time.D. The attraction of prize money is hard to resist.35. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Arguments for formal education.B. The problem-solving prizes*C. Dangers connected with challenge prizes.D. The attraction of innovation.第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分1分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sleep Tips: Steps to Better SleepThink about all the factors that can influence a good night's sleep 一 from work stress and family responsibilities to unexpected challenges.36 While you might not be able to control the factors that affect your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep.Stick to a sleep schedule.The recommended amount of sleep fbr a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don't need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal. 37 Try to limit the difference in your sleep schedule onweeknights and weekends to no more than one hour. If you don't fall asleep within about 20 minutes, leave your bedroom and do something relaxing. Go ahead to bed when you're tired. Repeat as needed.Pay attention to what you eat and drink.Don't go to bed hungry or full. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. 38 Nicotine, coffee and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine takehours to disappear. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy, it can interrupt sleep later in the night.Create a restful environment.Create a room that's ideal fbr sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet.39 Consider usingroom-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs.Limit daytime naps.Long daytime naps can affect nighttime sleep. If you choose to nap, limit yourself to up to 30 minutes and avoid doing so late in the day. If you work nights, however, you might need to nap late in the day before work to help make up fbr sleep debt.40Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. Avoid being active too close to bedtime it raises your body temperature so that your sleep is disturbed. However, spending time outside every day might be helpful, too.A. Your discomfort might keep you up.B. It's no wonder that quality sleep is sometimes difficult to get.C. Sleeping with light on might make it more challenging to fall sleep.D. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day.E. Know how to manage worries.F. Include physical activity in your daily routine.G. Read or listen to relaxing music.第三部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分40分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In life, we will succeed and fail often fbr reasons that are entirely out of our control. For instance, we can be41 nice and love someone deeply, and they may not love us 42. We can work harder than anyone elsein the office and still not be promoted to management. We can eat 43 food, exercise and stay away fromalcohol and cigarettes, and still get sick.The bottom line is that life is not 44.That is a bitter pill to 45 fbr many of us. As a result, some people shut down after being hit by even oneunfair blow from life. They can't handle the fact that our efforts don't always get the results that we 46. Butif we let life's unfairness 47 us, we will never receive the beautiful blessings that life has in store fbr us.For example, my first marriage 48 divorce （离婚）.To me, it felt very unfair. However hard I had triedto be a good wife, I could not make the relationship work. I could have been 49 by that experience anddecided that if one person didn't appreciate me as a wife, then no one would. I could have 50 .51, Iknew I wanted to be married and experience traditional fam