外研版七年级上册英语各单元重点语法知识点总结（实用必备！）.docx

Module 3 My school一、重点短语1. in my class在我的班上2. how many students 多少名学生3. a lot of furniture 许多家具4. on everyone's desk在每个人桌子上5. on the teacher's desk在老师的桌子上6. in front of 在前面7. a map of the world 一张世界地图8. a map of England 一幅英国地图9. dining hall 饭堂10. science building 科学实验楼11. in the middle of 在中间12. on the left/right 在左边/右边13. betweenand在之间14. next to 在旁边15. behind the library 在图书馆后面二、重点句式1. What's your classroom like in England?你在英国的教室怎么样?2. 一How many students are there in your class in Beijing?你北京的班里有多少个学生?一There are forty students, twenty girls and twenty boys.有 40 名学生，20 名女生,20 名男生。3. Is there a lot of furniture?有很多家具吗? Yes, there is.是的。4. Are there computers on everyone's desk?每个人的桌上都有电脑吗？No, there aren't.不，没有。5. This is a map of our school.这是我们学校的地图。6. The library is on the left of the playground near the school gate.图书馆在操场左侧临近学校大门处。7. Between this building and the dining hall is the classroom building with twenty-four classrooms.这幢楼和餐厅之间是教学楼，里面有24间教室。8. There are six science labs and five computer rooms in the science building.科技楼里有6个科学实验室和5个计算机室。9. Where are the science labs?科学实验室在什么地方？三、重点语法1 . There be句型，表示某处存在某人或某物。这个句型是倒装句，主语在系动词之后，系动词 be随主语的单复数而变化形式。当主语是并列的人或事物时,be的形式有第一个人或物的单复 数决定，即就近原则。(1)肯定句：There are thirty students in my classroom.我们班有 30 个学生。There is a student in the classroom.教室里有一个学生。There is a desk and some books in the room.房间里有一张桌子和一些书。(2)否定句：There be句型的否定句在be后加not。There isn't a student in the classroom.教室里没有学生。There aren't any birds in the tree.树上没有鸟。(3)一般疑问句：There be句型的一般疑问句把be提前。一Is there a book on the desk?桌子上有书吗?一Yes,there is. /No,there isn't.是的，有/不，没有一 Are there any birds in the tree?树上有一些鸟吗？一Yes,there are./No,there aren't.是的，有/不，没有(4)特殊疑问句：Therebe句型，当主语是人时用who提问，是物时用what提问，是数量时用 how many,how much, how many后接可数名词复数形式，how much接不可数名词。Who is (there) in the classroom?谁在教室里？What is(there)on the desk? 桌子上有什么？How many books are there on the desk?桌子上有多少书？How much water is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少水？注：some用于肯定陈述句，any用于否定陈述句和一般疑问句。some也可用于期望对方正面 回答或给出肯定回答的疑问句中。There are some students in the classroom.教室里有一些学生。Are there any students in the classroom?教室里有一些学生吗？There aren't any students in the classroom.教室里没有学生。Would you like some tea?你想喝点茶吗？2 .感叹句：感叹词what和how都表示“多么”的意思，但用法有区别。what修饰名词或代词, how修饰形容词和副词，常用句型有：What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。3 2) What+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语。 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。What a good student he is!他是一名多么好的学生！What good students they are!他们是多么好的学生！What nice weather it is!天气是多么好啊！How hard they study!他们学习多么用功啊！How beautiful the girl is!这个女孩儿多么漂亮啊！注：感叹句是倒装句，主语和谓语位于句尾，口语中常省略。How big (it is)!它是多么大啊！Module 4 Healthy food一、重点短语1. healthy food 健康食品2. go shopping 去购物3. have/has got 有4. too much 太多5. be good for对有好处6. what kind of 哪种7. be bad for对有害处8. a bit tired 有点累9. eat well吃得好10. stay healthy 保持健康11 .get fat 发胖12 .orange juice 橙汁二、重点句式1. We have got lots of apples.我们有许多苹果。2. Now, we haven't got any meat,现在，我们没有肉了。3. Have we got any meat?我们有肉吗? Yes, we have.是的，我们有。4. We haven't got any oranges, so let's get some.我们没有橙子了，所以我们去买一些吧。5. How about some orange juice?来一些橙汁怎么样？6. Meat is healthy but too much is not good for children.肉是健康的，但是太多的肉对孩子不好。7. Meat, vegetable and fruit are healthy food.肉，蔬菜和水果是健康食物。8. Let's go shopping for food and drink.我们去买一些食物和饮料。9.It is important to remember: eat well, stay healthy and don't get fat.记住这句话很重要：吃好，保持健康，不发胖。10. What's your favorite food and drink? 你最喜欢的食物和饮料是什么？三、重点语法1.名词(1)名词的分类名词是表示人或事物名称的词，它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词又分为可数名词 和不可数名词。可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单数和复数之分；不可数名词包括物质 名称和抽象名词，没有复数形式。A.专有名词：表示人、地点、机构、组织等名称的词。如：Tom, China, the Great WallB.普通名词可数名词(a)个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名称。如：doctor, treeo(b)集体名词：表示一群人或事物的名称。如：family, classo不可数名词(a)物质名词：表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词。如：rice, money。(b)抽象名词:表示抽象概念的词。如：health, love0(2)可数名词的数可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式。单数形式变复数的规则变化如下：A.一般情况在词尾加“s”，清辅音后发s,浊辅音和元音后发。如：book-books, boy-boys, bag-bagsB.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加“es”,发iz。如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushesC.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，先变y为L再加es,通常发iz如：family-families, city-citiesD.以f或fe结尾的名词，将f或fe变为ves,发vz.如 knife-knives, wife-wivesE.以o结尾的名词，通常在词尾加s,少数情况下加es,发.如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos 在词尾力口 es 的常见名词有：hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, negro-negroes 口诀：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。单数形式变复数形式不规则变化如下：A.单复数相同：sheep-sheep, deer-deer, fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-JapaneseB.单复数不相同：man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth口诀：男女孩子用脚踩了鹅和老鼠的牙齿。2 . have / has got 的用法英式英语中表示“某人有”时，要用have/has got,变否定时，在have/has后加not,变疑问句 时，把have/has提到句首。而在美式英语中，用have/has表示“拥有”，变成否定句和疑问句时, 借助助动词do,does和dido如：We5ve got lots of apples. / We have lots of apples,我们有许多苹果。He hasn't got any meat./ He doesn't have any meat, 他没有肉了。Have you got any chocolate? /Do you have any chocolate? 你有巧克力吗？3 .祈使句用来表示请求、命令、建议、劝告等。一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。句末用句号 或感叹号。表示委婉语气时，可在句首或句尾加please.祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。(1)肯定祈使句：A.动词原形+其他如：Open the door, please.请打开门。Be careful.小心点。B.les+动词原形+其它如：Let's go swimming.让我们去游泳吧。(2)否定祈使句：在谓语动词前加Dont如：Don't stand there!别站在那里Don't be too worried!别太担心了 !Module 5 My school day一、重点短语1. my school day我学校的一天2. on Monday 在星期一3. have Chinese 有语文课4. at eight o'clock 八点钟5. on Monday afternoon 在星期一下午6. be good at 擅长7. talk with/to sb.和交谈8. go to school 上学9. on weekdays在工作日10. get up 起床11. have breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早/中/晚饭12. next to 紧靠13. see my friends 见朋友14. have a break 休息一下15. in the playground 在操场16. play football 踢足球17. start lessons 开始上课18. go home 回家19. watch TV 看电视20. do my homework做我的作业21. go to bed 去睡觉二、重点句式1 .What are our lessons on Monday ?我们星期一有什么课？2 . We have Chinese at eight o'clock and science at five to nine.我们在八点有语文课和在八点半有科学课。3 . It's my favourite subject because it's very interesting.它是我最喜欢的科目，因为它很有趣。4 . What lessons do we have on Friday?我们星期五有什么课？5 .一Do we have maths?我们有数学课吗？ 一No, we don't.不，没有。6 .一Do you like maths, Tony?托尼，你喜欢数学课吗？Yesjdo, but it's difficult!是的,但是它很难。7.1 love history and I'm good at it.我喜欢历史，并且我擅长它。1. 1 do my homework and go to bed at ten o'clock.我做家庭作业,然后十点睡觉。9. We have lunch in the dining hall at half past twelve.在十二点半，我们在餐厅里吃午饭。10. We have meat and rice with vegetables, or hamburgers.我们吃肉和带蔬菜的米饭，或者吃汉堡包。11. In The evening, I watch TV and have dinner with my family.在晚上，我和我的家人一起看电视、吃晚饭。三、重点语法1 .一般现在时(1)概念：表示谓语是经常性和习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词往往是具有一般 性，经常性，习惯性和规律性的动作或状态特征。(2)常见的标志有：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, every week, every month, every year, once a week, twice a month.(3)谓语动词形式：谓语动词使用原形或第三人称单数形式。当主语是第三人称表示单个的 人或物时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，其他情况下谓语动词用动词原形。(4)动词原形变动词三单形式的规则：A. 一般在词尾加s,清辅音后发/s/,元音和浊辅音后发/力。如： work-works, swim-swims, play-plays.B.以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的词，在词尾加es,发/iz/。如：pass-passes, fix-fixes, watch-watches, wash-washes.C.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i,加es,发/iz/或/aiz/。如：study-studies, fly-flies, cry-cries, carry-carries.2 .表示时刻的介词方法：past表示“几点过了几分钟”，当分钟小于或等于30时用。如：half past ten 十点半， ten past eight 八点十分t。表示“差几分钟到几点”，当分钟大于30时用。如：five to nine八点五十五X half表示30分钟，quarter表示15分钟，表示整点时才能用o' clockeg. I often finish my homework at eight o' clock.我经常在八点钟完成我的家庭作业。I get up at a quarter past seven every morning, 我每天早晨七点十五起床。3 . have的用法：(1) have用作实意动词，意为“吃(喝)”，后跟表示三餐的名词breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner 时，名词前一般不加定冠词。eg. When do you have lunch?你什么时候吃早饭？I want to have some meat.我想吃些肉。(2) have用作实意动词表示“拥有；上一课；举办；进行”的意思。eg. He has three brothers.他有三个哥哥。We have an English class in the morning.我们上午上一节英语课。They often have a meeting in the room.他们经常在这房间里开会。4 .doone' s homework做某人的家庭作业 这里的one' s表示“某人的”，要与主语人称一致； homework为不可数名词。eg. She does her homework everyday.她每天做家庭作业。I often do my homework at school.我经常在学校做家庭作业。5 .表示时间的介词in, on和at的辨析：In： 上午、中午、下午：in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 季节：in spring 在春天On：星期：on Monday 在周一日期：on March 1st 2002 在 2002 年 3 月 1 日节日：on teachers' Day 在教师节具体某日的上午、中午、晚上：on Monday morning在周一上午on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚on the afternoon of May 1 st 在五月一日的下午At：中午：at noon在中午夜晚：at night在夜晚Module 6 A trip to the zoo一、重点短语1. welcome to欢迎到2. many kinds of许多种类的3. come from = be from 来自4. different countries 不同的国家5. other animals 其他动物6. look at 看7. in front of在.前面8. over there 在那里9. live in居住在10. in Africa 在非洲11. in Asia在亚洲12. a little 一些13. as well as 也14. all over the world 全世界15. be good at 擅长16. such as 比如17. live alone独自居住18. in fact事实上19. the favourite of people 人们的最爱二、重点句式1. Welcome to Beijing zoo.欢迎来到北京动物园。2. Shall we go and see them? 我们去看他们好吗？3. Do lions eat meat? 狮子吃肉吗？ Yes, they do.是的，他们吃。4. The tiger lives in Asia.老虎居住在亚洲。5. Does it eat meat?它吃肉吗？No, it doesn't. It eats plants.不，它不吃肉。它吃植物。5. in Class 3 在三班6. telephone number 电话号码7. how many 多少8. open your book打开你的书9.close your book合上你的书二、重点句式1. Are you a new student here?你是这里的一名新学生吗？2. 一what class are you in?你在哪个班里？一Pm in Class 3.Mr Chen's class.我在三班.陈老师的班。3. Betty, what's your telephone number?贝蒂，你的电话号码是什么？4. How old are you?你多大？5. How many boys are there?有多少男孩？三、重点语法1 . How many& How much 的区别How many +可数名词的复数形式How much +不可数名词询问价钱：How much is it?回答:It is 15yuan.2 .介绍自己：I am 介绍别人：This isI am Jane. This is Jane.3 .提问用句型:what、.?-what's this? It's a pen.Starter Module 3 My English book一、重点短语1. in English 用英语2. on the blackboard 在黑板上3. English book 英语书6. Is there a panda called Tony?有叫托尼的熊猫吗？7. The panda eats about 30 kilos of bamboo a day. 这只熊猫一天吃大约 30 千克竹子。8. This black and white animal is the favourite of people all over the world.那个黑白相间的动物是全世界人的最爱。9. It likes water and is good at swimming.它喜欢水，并且擅长游泳。三、重点语法1 .倒装句Look! There she is!看！她在那儿！这句话的正常语序是“Look, she is there." there提前是为了强调地点。副词there, here等 置于句首使用倒装语序。eg: Look, here comes the bus!看，公共汽车来了！ 注意：当主语是名词时用完全倒装，即“There/Here +谓语+主语”当主语是人称代词时，则不用倒装，即“There/Here +主语+谓语”eg: Here are the books.给你书。There goes the thief!有贼！There you go again.你又来这一套。Here you are.给你。2 .宾语从句Some people think it carries water in the humps on its back, but it' s not true. 些人认为骆驼背 上的驼峰里贮存着水，但这不是真的。“it carries water in the humps on its back”作think的宾语，因为作宾语的是个句子而非一个词， 故称之为宾语从句。“Some people think” 是主句部分；而 it carries water in the humps on its back”是从句部分。eg： I think (that) he is right.我认为他是对的。I hope (that) everything will be fine,我希望一切都好3 .行为动词的一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的行为动词的一般现在时否定形式是在行为动词的前面加doesn, t (does not),这时要注意把谓语动词还原为动词原形。eg： Peter has breakfast every day.Peter doesn' t have breakfast every day.Paul plays basketball on Wednesday.Paul doesn? t play basketball on Wednesday.主语是第三人称单数的行为动词的一般现在时疑问式是在句首加助动词does,后面的谓语动 词还原为动词原形.其肯定与否定回答用Yes, X does./No, X doesn' t.如下面表达方式：Does X？ Yes, it does./ No, it doesn' t.eg： Does he have breakfast every day ? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn' t.Does he play basketball on Wednesday? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn' t.Module? Computers一、重点短语1. turn on /off 打开/关闭2. connect.to .把连接至U.上3. on the Internet 在网上4. open a new document 打开个文件5. click the mouse 点击鼠标6. on the left of在左手边7. in the new document在新文件夹里8. use the keyboard 使用键盘9. save the document 保存文件10. print the document 打印文件11. put .in.把放到里面12. share.with .与.,共享13. talk to/with sb 跟某人聊天14. go on the Internet 去上网15. make travel plans制定旅行计划16. listen to music 听音乐17. watch movies 看电影18. at school 在学校19. search for information 搜索信息20. do my homework做我的作业21. check my email检查电子邮件22. on Sunday在星期天23. play computer games 玩电脑游戏24. send .to.把发给25. buy ticket 买票二、重点句式1. How do I write my homework on the computer ?我怎样在电脑上写我的家庭作业？2. Where do I click on zznew document,"?我在哪里点击文件？3. What's next ?下一步做什么？Next, you write your homework in the new document.下一步，你把你的家庭作业写在新的文件里。4. How do I save the document ?我怎样保存这个文件里？5. How do I print my document ?我怎样打印我的文件？6. When do you use a computer? 你什么时候使用电脑？7. Who shares a computer with his father ?谁和他的爸爸共用一台电脑？8. He often goes on the Internet to check the times of trains , make travel plans ,and buy tickets .他经常上网查火车时刻表，制定旅行计划，买票。9. I listen to music or watch movies every Friday night .我在周五晚上听音乐, 看电影。10. I send emails to my friends and play computer games.我给我的朋友发送邮件，并且玩游戏。11. What do I do next ?我下一步做什么？三、重点语法1 .一般现在时的特殊疑问句以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what、who、 whose > which > when > where > how > why 等。疑问词:疑问词可分为疑问代词、疑问副词、疑问形容词。疑问代词：what （什么）who （谁，作主语）which （哪个，在一定范围内选择）whose （谁的，指附属关系）whom （谁，作宾语）疑问副词：when （何时，询问时间）where （何地，询问地点）why （为什么，询问原因）how （如何，询问手段，方式，工具以及程度）疑问形容词：what （which, whose） +名词2 .特殊疑问句有两种语序：如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语 序：Who is singing in the room?谁在房间唱歌？ whose bike is broken?谁的自行车坏了？ 如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。What does she like?她喜欢什么？ What class are you in?你在哪班？Modules Choosing presents一、重点短语1. would like to do sth.想要去做某事2. make a birthday cake 做生日蛋糕3. Happy Birthday 生日快乐4. birthday card 生日贺卡5. in Chinese 用汉语6. birthday presents 生日礼物7. stay healthy 保持健康8. get some exercise 得到锻炼9. go shopping 去购物10. have got 拥有11. silk scarf 丝巾12. a lot of许多；大量13. spend a lot of money 花费很多钱14. like doing sth.喜欢做某事15. go to the cinema 去电影院16. like to do sth.喜欢做某事17. go to concerts去听音乐会18. football match 足球比赛19. watch sports观看体育活动20. on television 在电视上二、重点句式1. Would you like to come to my birthday party?Would you like.?是用来礼貌地询问对方的意愿，是否"想要.”或委婉地提出请求、建议或者 陈述个人的想法。在结构上有：(1)后接名词或代词Would you like some bread?你想要面包吗？Would you like something to drink/eat?你想要喝点、吃点什么吗？（2）后接不定式，表示想要做某事Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗？2. Darning's grandparents like to stay healthy.大明的祖父母想保持健康。Darning's mother likes chocolate. 大明的母亲喜欢巧克力。She likes going shopping.她想去购物。3. They sometimes wear T-shirts.他们有时候穿 T 恤衫。wear意为“穿，戴，其后接衣服、鞋帽、眼镜等名词。区别：wear表示穿着、戴着的某种状态。put on表示穿、戴的动作。如：She wears a red coat.她穿着一件红大衣。She puts on a red coat.她穿上一件红大衣。三、重点语法1 .频度副词频度副词是副词的一种，通常和一般现在时连用，表示现在经常或反复发生的动作。本单元出 现的频度副词有always, usually, sometimes, never always是频度最大的词，意为“总是；永远”； usually意为"通常"，即很少有例外，频度仅次于always; sometimes意为“有时“；never意为“从 不”。频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。sometimes是个特殊的频度 副词，既可以放在be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前，也可以放在句首，还可以放在句尾。 频度副词的区别always是频度最大的词，意为"总是；永远"I shall always remember my first day at school.我将永远记住我上学的第一天。usually意为"通常"，即很少例外，频度仅次于always。What do you usually have for breakfast?你通常早餐吃什么？often意为"经常"，在频度上不如usually那么频繁。Li Ping often does his homework in the afternoon.李平经常在下午做作业。sometimes意为"有时候"，频度比often小，表示动作偶尔发生，间断较大。Sometimes I read a book in the evening. 我有时在晚上看书。never意为“从不”，表不动作从来不发生。I never go to school late.我上学从不迟到。Module9 People and places一、重点短语1. stand in line 站成一条线2. wait for the bus等待公交车3. stand on