新概念英语第三册lesson36笔记.docx

Lesson 36 A Chance in a Million百万之一的机会Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。What was the chance in a million?We are less credulous than we used to be. In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences - most of them wildly improbable. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero's mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's downfall. And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solution totally unacceptable. Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman, found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. While on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on, Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman's close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother. Franz Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible. *牢记此句 do加强语气,reallyA German taxi-driver; Franz Bussman , recently found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before.who was thoughtwho所引导的定语从句修饰brotherWhile on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on , Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman's close resemblance to here husband and even suggested that he might be his brother, he was on a walking tour省略了 hecomment on sth 就作出评论、评价-remark onBussman夫人对工人作出评价说长得和他的兄弟很像，甚至暗示 说就是他的兄弟eg:l can't explain how it is that he is still here, be separated from make one's wayFranz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs. Bussman was fully acquainted with this story, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right.她认为有百万分一的机会证明她所说的是正确的A few days later; she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman. Needless to say , the man/s name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz's long-lost brother. When the brothers were re-united, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive.explained how it was.汉斯解释说他依旧活着是怎么一回事。 After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit. The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot.Make one's way.力尽艰辛Meanwhile , his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed. Hans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an air-raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.all records of him had been destroyed.他所有的资料都被毁 掉了become of :happen to :发生遭遇'不幸的事件,多用于疑问句，主语必须是what或whatever eg. Whatever became of that girl?Please explain what became of you yesterday.用assuming,而不用presuming:主观上的臆断、无事实根据的 Multiple choice questions 多项选择1> What would a modern reader find totally unacceptable in a novel today?答案 dHaving for a hero a man once presumed dead.根据课文内容知道现在的读者是不能接受一些巧合的事件2、When Mrs. Bussman suggested that the workman might be Franz's brother答案 cFranz was so sure his brother was dead he did not take her seriously.3、What did Hans Bussman do immediately after the war was over? 答案 cHe inquired after his family's where abouts but found no trace of them.背熟(打探某人的情况，但是没有发现任何踪迹)4 、 -his readers with a series of coincidences.wildly improbable.(lines 3-6)答案 bwhich would be most5、A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, had not in fact died and.to bring about the hero's downfall.(lines 8-12)答案 dhad been wickedly plotting.6、He stopped.(line 25)答案 ain order to talk to a workman7、She sent a boy to ask the workman.(lines 25-26)答案 bwhat he was called8、 Meanwhile his unit was lost and .had been destroyed, (lines 31-32)答案 bevery record of his(他所有的记录都被毁掉了)9、-who was thought to have been killed twenty years.(lines 18-19) 答案 dpreviouslypreviously: before同义完成时的标志10、Mrs Bussman told her husband that he and the workman.(lines 20-21)答案 clooked very alikelook表示人的外貌'长相应该采用复数形式look alike看起来像11> -there was the .chance she might be right.(lines 24-25)答案 aremotestremote既表示"遥远、偏僻的，也表示"微弱的，特别用来修饰 chance12、 -how it had .that he was still alive, (lines 28-29) *答案 dcome aboutcome about: happen多用于疑问句，尤其是How does it come about that?结构中补充：一、词组标题：a chance in a million one chance in a thousand 可能性小less credulous not so gullible不怎么轻信于人(殆无可能)we used to be we were像我们往常那样bringto a conclusion:bring to an endto a close 把告一结束presenting(sb.) with offering (sb.) with 给 (人) 以a series of a train of 一系歹Uwildly improbableextremely absurd 荒诞不经，十分荒唐was presumed was supposed 人们以为all the time all the while 一直plotting to conspiring to 图谋bring about (one's ) downfall=bring about(onefs) failure把(人)搞垮，叫别人日子不好过and so on and so forth,等等，诸如此类的事 conspire to bring about conspire towards 不期而然地发生，导致许多事凑在一起，引起了，合力促成was thought to have 原来人们认为已经 was believed to haveon a walking tour 徒步旅行 on a walking excursionstopped to talk to 停下来然后向讲话=stopped walking andtalked tocommented onmade observations on 置评，评论close resemblance togreat likeness to 酷像poured scorn on scoffed at 嘲笑pointing out that indication clearly that 明白指出, 说道killed in action fallen in battle 阵亡was acquainted with 熟矢口， 熟悉 was familiar withneedless to say 不用说 it goes without saying , it is a matter of coursehow it was that怎么会怎么搞的二how(跟主语)came或how it came that(be) wounded be injured 受伤was separated from 隔绝， 失去联系 was out of touch with, lost touch (contact) with关注"新标准英语，免费同步辅导，免费海量 资源made his way back into=went his way back into/to 返回on foot by walking 步行family home old home, home town 老家in the neighbourhood 在街坊令B里 in the residential districtwhat had become of变为什么样子，变成什么样的一种现状（命 运， 结果）=what had happened to befallen） assuming that presuming that 料想 settled down 定居 established one's residenceever since 打那以后 the whole period from some specified time.二、关于 conspire to（有一种这样的含意：许多事，情况或人凑在一起造成了）后 接V1） Events conspire to bring about great difficulties for government2） They conspire to bring about the meeting of the two people.3） They conspire to make it a success.4） The bad weather conspired with a dirty hotel to make my holiday a resounding failure.三、表达法对比a） Hans explained how it was that he was still alive.how things happened that he was still alive.the whole story of his being still alive.b） conspire to bring about 可写成 conspire towards（合力促成） conspire against（凑在起反对）例：一切事情都和我作对All things conspire against me.一切因素都促成那种结果。All things conspire towards that result.c)a例所示how it was,是说原委，“事情之究竟。所以我们说 “原来是这样”,就可写成So thafs how it is.poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs. Busssman fully acquainted with this story, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman. Needless to say, the man's name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz's long-lost brother. When the brothers were reunited, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive. After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit. The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot. Meanwhile, his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed. Hans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an air raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.New words and expressions 生词和短语 credulous adj.轻信的 improbableadj.不大可能的obscure adj.不起眼的 maidservantn.女仆,女佣presume v.假定wickedly adv.心眼坏地，居心叵测地plot v.密谋downfall n.倒台，垮台naive adj.天真的unacceptable adj.不能接受的conspire v.（事件）巧合促成incredible adj.难以置信的scorn n.嘲弄，挖苦acquaint v.使了解reunite v.使团聚assume v.彳设定，认为参考译文我们不再像以往那样轻易相信别人了。在19世纪，小说家常在 小说结尾处给读者准备一系列的巧合一一大部分是牵强附会，极 不可能的。当时的读者却愉快地接受这样一些事实，一个低贱的 女佣实际上是主人公的母亲;主人公一位长期失散的兄弟，大家 都以为死了，实际上一直活着，并且正在策划暗算主人公;如此 等等，现代读者会觉得这种天真的结局完全无法接受。不过，在 现实生活中，有时确实会出现一些巧合，这些巧合除了 19世纪 小说家外谁也不会相信。当我是个孩子的时候，我祖父给我讲了一位德国出租汽车司机弗 朗兹。巴斯曼如何找到了据信已在20年前死去的兄弟的事。一 次，他与妻子徒步旅行。途中，停下来与一个工人交谈，接着他 们继续往前走去。巴斯曼夫人说那工人与她丈夫相貌很像，甚至 猜测他可能就是她丈夫的兄弟。弗朗兹对此不屑一顾，指出他兄 弟已经在战争中阵亡了。尽管巴斯曼夫人熟知这个情况，但她仍 然认为自己的想法仍有百万分之一的可能性。几天后，她派了一 个男孩去问那人是否叫汉斯巴斯曼。不出巴斯曼夫人所料，那 人的名字真是汉斯.巴斯曼，他确实是弗朗兹失散多年的兄弟。 兄弟俩团聚之时，汉斯说明了他活下来的经过，战争即将结束时, 他负伤被送进医院，并与部队失去联系。医院遭到轰炸，汉斯步 行回到了西德。与此同时，他所在部队被击溃，他的所有档案材 料全部毁于战火。汉斯重返故里，但他的家已被炸毁，左邻右舍 谁也不知原住户的下落，汉斯以为全家人都在空袭中遇难，于是 便在距此50英里外的一座村子里定居下来，直至当日。笔记New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会 其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里credulous adj.轻信的（多修饰人）区分 credible:可信的，可靠的，多修饰事物eg. The story he told us is credible. incredulous / incredible反义词believable以已知事实为根据eg. He demanded for believable explanation.（反）unbelievableimprobable adj.不大可能的obscure adj.1）不起眼的，不出名的 eg. The bus stopped at an obscure little town.2）令人费角窣的 not clearly An obscure figure can be seen through the fog.模糊不清的通过大雾我们可以看到模糊不清的身影.vague:多用于比喻意，指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清eg. what he said is vague.maidservant n.妇女仆,女佣presume v.假定take sth. as true经常用的表达方式presumethat根据过去的经验或感觉作出推断assume 与事实不相符合 eg. Let us assume that your words are fact.suppose最普通的用词猜想'陈述自己的看法I suppose that it was my fault.wickedly adv.心眼坏地居心叵测地plot V.密谋一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人.eg. The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.conspire众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当犹指反叛scheme某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利eg. The man is scheming for power,图谋夺权.本文中conspire指事件巧合促成eg. The weather and car trouble conspire to spoil our vacation.downfall n.倒台，垮台naive adj.天真的unacceptable adj.不能接受的conspireincredibleresemblance n.相彳以的like ness bear a strong resemblance to sb. or sth.have a close resemblance to sb. or sth.eg. The girl bears a strong resemblance to her sister.such a resemblanceresemble关注新标准英语，免费同步辅导，免费海量资源likeness最普通的用语，比resemblance意味要强resemblance特别是指外观或外在性质的相似similarity性质、物色'程度的相似 similar to sth. sb. scorn n.嘲弄挖苦短语 pour scorn onpour contempt onpour ridicule onpour heapeg. He poured scorn on his wife's suggestion.look down upon瞧不起，蔑视辨析：think scorn ofcontempt:蔑视，强烈谴责某人或某事低贱、卑鄙，语气强于scorn despite 语气较弱，表示嘲弄 His suggestion was dismissed with scorn.His face showed the scorn/despite he felt.acquaint a使了解 be acquainted with sth.eg. I have been acquainted with the secret.acquaint sb. with sth.acquaint sb. of sth.make a person acquainted with sb :介绍某人同另一个人认识Let me make. acquainted with you.acquaintance 熟人reunite n使团聚assume v.假定,认为Text课文a chance in a million one chance in a thousand 可能性小eg. It is a chance in a million to meet you here.在这JL见至U你可真 是不容易呀-He let out a scream that must can be heard in Peru.典型的夸张，目的是加强语气We are less credulous than we used to be.这是明显现在与过去的对比eg. We are less credulous than we used to be.我们不再像以前那 样轻信于人了。are表示现在的情况/ used to be过去的情况eg. We are not so honest as we used to be.我们不像过去那么诚实 了.谓语动词是be动词的时候用used to be,而不用used to谓语动词是使役动词的时候用used toeg. He works less hard than he used to.In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion be presenting his readers with a series of coincidences - most of them wildly improbable.19世纪的小说家通过给读者们提供一系的巧合事件结束. 破折号后面的语句是对前作者的一个观点。Them指一系列的巧合而其中大部分的巧合事件发生的机率是极小的bring sth. to a conclusion 结束eg. They decided to bring the meeting to a conclusion.bring sth. to a close （比较正式的）eg. It was .who brought meeting to a close.present sb. with sth.给某人提供present sth. to sb.Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maid-servant was really the hero's mother. Along-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's downfall.wickedly plotting to.居心叵测的密谋把这个英雄搞下台来bring about:产生，引起eg. Modern science has brought about great changes in life.And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable.现在的读者已经不愿意接受这样的结尾find such naive solutions totally unacceptable 觉得这种解决办法 很天真不能够被接受find sth. interesting觉得什么有意思find sb. beautiful觉得某人漂亮