英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）第四单元Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress学案.docx

Section III Using Language & Assessing Your Progress重点词汇讲解Pointl clarify用法详解W登清;阐明Give an example to help clarify what you mean.举个例子来帮你说明你的意思。Can you clarify your attitude towards the matter?你能阐明一下你对此事的态度吗？近.(尤其指通过加热使黄油等)纯净;净化clarify butter使黄油纯净clarified butter已净化的黄油clarify water 净化水>clarified water 纯净水归纳拓展clarification n 澄清clarity n 清楚；明确clarifying adj 澄清的 clarified adj 纯净的clarify one's stand/attitude/mind 阐明立场/态度/想法clarify matters 澄清真相clarify one为position澄清某人的立场You can clarify this question if you study British history.如果你学习英国历史，你就可以弄清楚这个问题。特别提醒clarify是以后缀-ify结尾的动词,-ify意为“使变成;使得二以后缀-ify结尾的动词还有:simplify简 化,beautify 美化,classify 把分类。经典例题1 .单词拼写The man in charge of the company was unable to (阐明)the situation,so people were expecting a further explanation.2 .单句语法填空(l)In order to make yourself fully understood by others,some further (clarify)of your opinion isneeded.(2)Thank you for writing and allowing me (clarify)the present position.(3)The union has written to Zurich asking for (clarify)of the situation.参考答案1 .clarify2 .(1 Clarification句意为了让别人完全理解你，你需要进一步阐明你的观点。(2)to clarify allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事。(3)clarificationPoint2 in other words用法详解in other words意为“换句话说，也就是说:一般在句中做插入语。其同义表达有:namely;that is (to say)oYears of hard work brought great success.In other words,no pain,no gain.多年的努力工作换来了巨大的成功。换句话说,不劳则无获。She found herself her parents over her future career.3 .单句语法填空(l)Make your exercise time when it isn9t likely to conflict other plans.(2)The two companies often come into frequent conflict each other as a result of competition.参考答案1 .(l)conflict with (2)come into conflict with(3)in conflict with2 .(l)with句意:把锻炼的时间安排在不会跟其他的计划冲突的时间。(2)with句意:由于竞争，这两家公司经常互相产生矛盾。Point 14bother用法详解(Dvr.打扰玩.操心。常见搭配：bother在句中意为“费心;因操心”等。这种用法常见于否定句和疑问句形成(not)bother to do或doing结构。如：bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人bother to do/doing sth.费心做某事bother oneself to do sth. 费心做某事bother oneself about(doing)sth.为某事操心，费心做某事It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是why bother没有必要吧;何苦那么麻烦(2)儿烦扰;令人烦恼的事或人。常见搭配：put sb.to any bother 给某人添乱give sb.bother给某人添麻烦have bother(in)doing sth,做某事费劲经典例题单句语法填空(l)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is (bother)them.(2)I'm sorry to bother you so many questions on such an occasion.(3)He won't come,so why bother (invite)him?(4)We had quite a lot of bother (get)here because of the fog.参考答案(l)bothering(2)with/about(3)to invite/inviting(4)gettingPointl5 adjust用法详解adjust vi.& vt.调整;(使)适合;(使)适应。常见搭配：adjustto调整以适应adjust to(doing)sth.适应于(做)某事adjust oneself to使自 己适应于The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.小屋内很黑，因此眼睛过了一阵才适应过来。During those six months of hospitalizations(HufT)cky. 12 at the time,adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school.在住院治疗的六个月里，那时12岁的贝姬习惯了从学校回来的时候房子里有其他成年人。归纳拓展adjustment比调整;调节;适应make an adjustment to 对做出调整make adjustments 做出调整经典例题单句语法填空(l)Moving out of the well-lit office,my eyes haven't (adjust)to the dark.(2)We have made an (adjust)to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.(3)After Nigel left his academic post and went into business,it took him quite a while (adjust)to the competitive environment.(4)To our delight,the kids quickly adjusted themselves the new environment.(5)I'm writing to tell you something about the (adjust)of our legal holidays.参考答案(l)adjusted(2)adjustment(3)to adjustto(5)adjustmentPoint 16 react用法详解玩回应，(对)作出反应;产生影响，起作用。常见搭配：react to sth.(by doing sth.)(通过做某事)对某事作出反应react against.反对，反抗.react on/upon对产生影响Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。Children sometimes react against the things their parents believe in孩子们有时反对他们的父母认为对的 事情。Applause can react greatly on/upon speakers.掌声对演讲者会有很大影响。比起化学反应。常见搭配：reach with与起反应Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁与水和空气起化学反应产生铁锈。归纳拓展©reaction n.反应;(对旧观念等的)抗拒reaction to sb./sth.对的反应in reaction to sth.对作出反应An emergency fund was set up in reaction to flood.针对这次洪灾成立了一项应急基金。reactive adj.有反应的,回应的经典例题单句语法填空(l)If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my immediate (react)will be to tell the police.(2)一How did he react his father's suggestion?He reacted strongly it and refused to accept it.(3)Her parents' reaction the news was surprisingly calm.2.单句写作Hearing how others (对作出反应)the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.参考答案1.(1 Reaction (2)to;against to 2.react toI don't like the way you speak to me.In other words, I don't want to continue our conversation.我不喜欢你 跟我说话的方式。换句话说,我不想继续我们的谈话了。归纳拓展word构成的其他短语：语境串记Joe never keeps others waiting;in other words,he always keeps his word and is punctual.In addition,he's outgoing and easy-going.When free,he5d like to have a word with people,and never has words with others.In a word,all of his friends like him as he can get on well with everyone around him.乔从不让另!人等才奂句话 说，他总是信守诺言，并且守时。另外，他外向、随和。有空的时候，他喜欢和人交谈，并且他从来不和别 人吵架。总之，他所有的朋友都喜欢他，因为他能和他周围的每个人都相处得很好。特别提醒keep/break one飞word中的word不能用复数形式。经典例题1 .用word的相关短语完成句子(l)Your performance in the driving test did not reach the required standard.,you failed. (2)Jack is good,hard-working and intelligent.,1 can't speak too highly of him.(3)1 have also learned to understand the whole sentence without trying to translate it into Chinese.(4)1 am sure that by no means will he since he has promised an amount of money to the poor.2 .根据汉语意思完成句子我很快就发现，我正在做的工作已经被别人做完了才奂句话说，我是在浪费时间。I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else.,1 was wasting my time.总之，我的生活将会变得更加丰富多彩。,my life will be much richer and more colorful. 耳二天亘就宥消息说布莱克先生已经当选为公司的董事长。Early in the morning Mr.Black had been elected president of the company.3 .单句语法填空Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story.参考答1 .(l)In other words (2)In a word (3)word for word (4)break his word2 .(l)In other words (2)In a word (3)word came that3 .beyond句意:听了她的感人故事后，每个人都感动得说不出话。beyond words意为“无法用言语表达”, 为固定搭配。Point3 educator用法详解educator几教师;教育家;教育工作者He is not an educator.他不是个教育家。As an educator,! want to see my students succeed.作为一名教师，我想看到我的学生获得成功。归纳拓展educate v教育；培养；训练education n教育；培养；教育学educated adj受过教育的；有教养的educational adj教育的；有教育意义的It?s difficult to educate children.教育孩子很困难。She was highly educated and could make money.她受过高等教育，能赚钱了。经典例题单句语法填空(l)Only (educate)people can have a good understanding of the lecture given by the scientist.(2)She is determined to cairy on with her (educate).(3)1 have been an (educate)in three different countries for about ten years.参考答案(l)educated句意:只有受过良好教育的人才能很好地理解这个科学家的演讲。educated受过良好教育 的。(2)education句意:她决定继续她的学业。(3)educator句意:我已经作为一个教育者在三个不同的国家工作了大约十年。根据句中的主语I和空 前的an可知，此处应该是名词。Point4 tendency用法详解tendency比倾向;趋势。常见搭配：have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向have a tendency to sth.有的倾向tendencychart趋势图；变化图technicaltendency技术动向；技术倾向unhealthy tendency 不正之风I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous.我紧张时总爰唠叨。There is a tendency for this disease to run in families.这种疾病易在家族里遗传。She has a strong natural tendency towards caution.她天生非常小心谨慎。归纳拓展tend vi.倾向；趋向；照顾tend to do倾向于做tendentious adj.有偏见的，有倾向性的When I'm tired,! tend to make mistakes.我累了就容易出错。经典例题单句语法填空(l)We have a tendency (think)that everything is about us.(2)Yet the (tend)is for all three to vote together.(3) On days when air pollution was high,more people with an underlying heart problem tended (be)admitted to hospital, he said.参考答案(Dto think句意我们有一个倾向，认为任何事都围着我们转。(2)tendency句意:然而这三方倾向于一起投票。(3)to be句意:他说，在空气污染水平较高的那些天中，更多人均有潜在的心脏问题,并倾向到医院诊治。tend to do sth.倾向于做Points occupy用法详解以占据，占领;占用(时间、空间等)(二take up)。The city had been occupied by the French in 1918 after the defeat of Turkey.土耳其溃败之后，这座城市在1918年被法国人占领。The big table occupies too much room.这张大桌子占了太多空间。”使忙于(做某事)，忙着(做某事)。常见搭配：occupy sb./oneself in doing sth.使某人/自己忙于(做)某事occupy sb./oneself with sth.使某人/自己忙于某事。She occupied herself in writing a novel last year.去年她忙于写一部小说。He always occupies himself with routine office tasks.他总是忙于办公室的日常工作。归纳拓展occupation几C工作;消遣，业余活动U侵占,占领occupied M.使用中，有人使用/居住(不用于名词前);忙于(不用于名词前);被占领的被侵占的。常见搭配：be occupied(in) doing sth.忙于做某事be occupied with/in sth.忙于某事(这两个短语不做谓语而做定语、补语或状语时，要省略be动词)He's fully occupied in looking after three young children.照顾三个年幼的孩子使他忙得不可开交。经典例题1 .单句语法填空(l)Many of us equate "commitmentwith such “caring”(occupy)as teaching and nursing.(2)He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself in (do)a very important experiment.(3)Maybe our school president will not be available to attend the meeting,for he is completely occupied the 80th anniversary ceremony.(4)The boy,(occupy)with his schoolwork every day,felt rather tired.2 .单句写作(l)I'm afraid I'm not available to help with the show,for I'm fully (T亡于)my own project.(2)The town (被敌人占领的)eventually got out of control.参考答案1 .(1 Occupations (2)doing (3)with (4)occupied2 .(l)occupied with(2)occupied by the enemyPoint6 stare用法详解stare应&九凝视，盯着看。常见搭配：stare into the distance 凝视远方stare sb.up and down上下仔细打量某人He was staring into the distance,lost in thought.他一直在凝视远方，陷入沉思中。The child stared the stranger up and down.那个孩子上下仔细打量着这个陌生人。辨析比较 stare at,glance at 与 glare at易混短语区 别例句stare at指盯着看，眼睛长时间盯在 某个目标上,且常常带有粗 鲁、茫然或不礼貌的意味It's impolite to stare at foreign visitors in the street.在街上盯着外国 游客看是不礼貌的。glance at指匆匆一看，瞥一眼,目光停 留在目标上的时间不长She glanced at the envelope and recognized her uncle's handwriting.她 瞥了一眼信封，认出了她叔叔的笔迹。glare at指怒视，眼神往往较凶，注视 着某个目标时带有威胁或 恐吓的意味She glared silently at me and didn't shout.她默默地怒视着我,没有喊 叫。经典例题L单句语法填空A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and (stare)at us.2 .选词填空:stare at/glare at/glance at(l)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, the night sky.(2)Hearing what the boss said,the worker him and showed anger.3 3) the clock on the wall,Alice left in a hurry.参考答案1.stared句意:一群坐在大厅里的人不再说话,盯着我们看。2.(l)staring at(2)glared at(3)Glancing atPoint? distract用法详解distract由(from)转移(注意力)分散(思想)，使分R同divert反attract,concentrate。常见搭配:distract sb. from(doing) sth.使某人分神be distracted at/by搞得心烦意乱，被搞得要发狂The sudden arrival of a neighbour distracted him from his studies.邻居突然登门，使他不能专心学习。After the divorce,nothing distracted her from her sense of loss.离婚后，无论什么都不能排遣她的失落感。YoiTre distracting me from my work.你使我不能专心工作。归纳拓展distracted必'.心烦意乱的distraction n.分散注意力的事extract v，.提取(ex向外) attract v/.吸取(at对着)contract v.收缩(con 一起)Don't talk to her-she's very easily distracted.不要同她讲话她的注意力很容易分散。经典例题单句语法填空(l)It was another attempt (distract)attention from the truth.(2)The noise in the street (distract)me from my reading.(3)Once the world cup begins,they will be completely (distract).(4)Then deliver it while your kid is screaming in the background,to develop the confidence that you can recite it no matter what (distract) pops up.参考答案(l)to distract (2)distracted (3)distracted(4)distractionPoint8 distinguish用法详解distinguish vt. &近.显示的差别;使有所不同;辨别。常见搭配:distinguish between A and B 区分 A 和 Bdistinguishfrom把与区分开来distinguish oneself (as)(作为)而出名Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下我自己了，我要发明某种慈悲的东西，既可以把蛇捉住,而又不 会伤害它们。归纳拓展distinguished adj.卓越的;著名的;杰出的be distinguished fbr.因而出名be distinguished as作为而出名经典例题单句语法填空(l)As far as we all know,Lang Ping has already distinguished herself a great volleyball coachin the world.(2)Honestly speaking,! admire your (distinguish) achievements.(3)1 can hardly distinguish one the other:they are so much alike. 参考答案(I )as句意:众所周知,郎平作为优秀的排球教练在世界上已享有盛名。(2)distinguished句意:诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。from句意:我很难把两者区分开来,他们太像了。distinguish.from.把与区分开来。Point9 anxiety用法详解anxiety .担心;焦虑;渴望。常见搭配：with anxiety 焦虑地anxiety for.对的渴望anxiety about/over对的忧虑anxiety to do sth.对做某事的渴望Tom's anxiety to succeed led him to work hard.汤姆对成功的渴望使他努力工作。归纳拓展(l)anxiously adv.焦虑地，忧虑地(2)anxious忧虑，担心;渴望，非常希望。常见搭配：be anxious for sb./about sth.(=be worried/concerned about sb./sth.)为某人/某事担心/担忧be anxious for(二be eager for/be keen 0爪.)渴望.be anxious(for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事be anxious that.渴望(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略)She was anxious for them to leave her room她渴望他们离开她的房间。We were anxious that everyone (should)know the truth.我们渴望人人都了解实情。经典例题单句语法填空(l)His anxiety knowledge deserves our praise.(2)Jack still can't help being anxious his job interview.(3)She lost her job last month.She is anxious (find)a new job now.(4)Many students of all ages feel nervous,scared,or even panicky on the exam day.This is a well-known phenomenon called test(anxious).(5)A11 the students in my class are anxious that they (admit)to key universities.(6)1 believed that my grandma had been anxious me,and she may have been helping me come through the operation.参考答案(Dfor句意:他对知识的渴望值得我们的表扬。(2)about be anxious about sth.担忧某事。(3)to find be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事。(4)anxiety test anxiety 考试焦虑。(5)(should)be admitted (6)for/aboutPointlO embarrassed用法详解embarrassed adj.尴尬的，害羞的，窘迫的。可用作定语、表语,常用来修饰、说明人或人的表情(look,expression)x声音(voice)等。常见搭配：be embarrassed about/at对感到尴尬be embarrassed to do sth.做某事感到尴尬I was embarrassed about/at his unexpected question.他出乎意料的发问使我尴尬。He was embarrassed to admit his mistake.他不好意思地承认了他的错误。归纳拓展相关词语积累：embarrassment n. 窘迫，害羞，难堪embarrass vt.使尴尬;使为难embarrassing adj.（事物）使人害羞的 （或难堪的、惭愧 的）（常用来修饰物）to one's embarrassment使某人尴尬的是经典例题单句语法填空(l)As a result,some old Chinese ladies dancing in New York's Sunset Park found themselves caught in an situation, which made them .(embarrass)(2)However,the next morning the little girl,filled with excitement, brought the gift box to her father and said, “This is fbr you, Daddy!,9As he opened the box, the father was (embarrass)by his earlier anger,now regretting how he had punished her.(3)She was embarrassed (ask)her age by other people.(4)Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the (embarrass)associated with making mistakes.参考答案(1 )embarrassing;embarrassed(2)embarrassed(3)to be asked(4)embarrassment句意:团队领导必须确保所有的成员克服他们的本能欲望以避免因犯错而引发的尴 尬。Pointll ashamed用法详解ashamed adj,惭愧的;因惭愧而不情愿的。表示主语自身的感受。在句中多做表语。常见搭配：be ashamed of为感到难为情，为感到尴尬be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事,不情愿做某事be ashamed that因感到愧疚You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你应该为你自己说这样的谎话而感到羞愧。Fm ashamed to say that I lied to her.我真不好意思说我向她撒谎了。I was ashamed that I'd made so little effort.我付出的努力太少真是汗颜。特别提醒英语中很多以a开头的形容词做表语，如asleep,afraid,awake,aware,al