英语人教版高中选择性必修二（2019新编）12 Reading and thinking习题检测.docx

Unit 1 Reading and thinking 习题检测一、根据汉语意思填写单词1 . Do you have any（证据）that this man stole your bag?2 . The traffic accidents in the city（减少）last year.3 . The police have taken the two（嫌疑犯）to the police station and they are being questioned now.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）4 . Besides Western medicine methods, traditional Chinese medicine treatment proves effective against the v（病毒）.5 . They made（重大的）changes to the arrangements.6 . He was not displeased at the way he had（处理）the problem.7 . The driver of the crashed car received（多样的）injuries.8 . The evidence demonstrates how easily people can hold（相互矛盾的）beliefs.9 . Nobody but I should be to（责备）.10 . I'm sure you will find it hard to（处理）this problem tomorrow.二、用单词的适当形式完成句子11 . We can't go out. It is（pour） outside.12 .1 worked in a village school for a whole year and had my life totally（transform） by that experience.13 . You should know when（stop） asking questions.14 . A cheap table can（transform） by an interesting cover.15 . This information confirms me in the belief that he is（blame）.16 . I think he suspected us some improper purpose.17 . Many companies（subscribe） generously to the football club so far.18 . Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were（severe） punished today.19 . When they knew there was a panda in the park, the children could hardly wait（scc）it.20 . This is my father has taught me一to always face difficulties and hope for thebest.三、阅读选择has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语,表示“父亲教我的道理二故填what。21 . C22 . B23 . A24 . D【分析】这是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院的一位科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计 算。21 .细节理解题。根据第二段中的 A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究人员对它们进行了培训I。 故C项正确。22 .细节理解题。根据第三段中的 In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers_17 in this example.可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7 滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17 滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。故B项正确。23 .细节理解题。根据第四段“the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.和第五段中的 When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it.可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进 行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。所以猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。故A项正 确。24 .推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone 领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果，这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出 现在报纸的“科学”版块。故D项正确。25 . D26 . A27 . B28 . C【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当多叶植物受到攻击时，它们不会坐以待毙，会发出VOCs.以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。25 .细节理解题。"reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out aparticular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D。26 .词义猜测题。根据"Once they arrive,the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch",一旦它们到达这里，然后这些攻击者就会成为植物的午餐，根据语境，故选Ao27 .细节理解题，根据“In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do”,可知，植物在必要的时候会通过分泌化学物质，通知周围的植物保持警惕。故选B。28 .推理判断题。根据“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate（亲密的）than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on”可知， 这个世界远 比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我 们想象的要复杂。故选C。【点睛】 本文33题属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“Once they arrive.the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch”中的 lunch,说明攻击者会成为午餐以及“When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly 植物受到攻击时，不会坐以待毙”，故 the tables are turned意为“The attackers get attacked.植物准备反击”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。 近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据 上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义 域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。29 . B30 . C31 . D32 . A33 . A34 . B35 . A36 . A37 . C38 . A39 . B40 . A41 . B42 . D43 . A【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现咖啡这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险, 促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。 同时文章说明了这项研究的过程以及研究结果，然而这项研究的作者警告说研究仍有许多不 确定性。29 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥， 减少患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风 险,还有许多其他好处。A. take带走；B. reduce减少；C. increase增加;D. face面对。结合 下文 promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one's risk of premature death可知是这种饮料的优点，故此处指减少患某些疾病的风险。故选Bo 30 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥， 降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风 险，还有许多其他好处。A. trends趋势；B. advice建议；C. benefits好处；D. promotions升 职。结合上文 promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one,s risk of premature death可知是这种饮料的优点好处，故选C。31考查名词词义辨析。句意 现在据说一杯咖啡可以减轻身体的疼痛。A. milk牛奶；B. water 水；C. coke 可乐；D. coffee 咖啡。根据上文 Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers.可知是咖啡。故选D。32 .考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这一惊人的发现是基于一项涉及48名志愿者的研究，他 们同意花90分钟执行电脑任务来完成办公室工作。A. based on基于；B. fond of喜欢；C. different from 不同于；D. regarded as 认为是。结合下文 a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work.可知此处指这 项发现是基于一项研究。故选Ao33 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。A. cause造 成indicate 表明；C. ease缓解；D. relieve解除。结合下文pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists可知这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。故选A。34 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员想要比较有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人是如 何忍受这类任务的疼痛的。A. warn警告；B. compare比较；C. cure治愈；D. treat对待。结 合下文 how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the pain of such tasks 可知是 将有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人进行比较。故选Bo35 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了方便起见，科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡，“以 避免咖啡因缺乏的不良影响，如活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫。"A. unpleasant不愉快的；B. modest 谦虚的；C. significant 意义重大的；D. positive 积极的。结合下文 decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。unpleasant effects“不良影响”。故 选Ao36 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：职业健康和奥斯陆大学医院注意到，喝咖啡的19名受试 者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。A. lower更低的；B. higher更高的；C. shorter 更短的,D. longer 更长的。结合下文 average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers可知喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低 于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。故选A。37 .考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在肩部和颈部，喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度为41分(满 分100分）,而不喝咖啡的人为55分。A. in addition此夕卜；B. as a result结果；C. for example 例如；D. in one word总之。结合上文可知测试的身体部位有肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕，此 处只列举了肩部和颈部作为例子，故选C。38 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：在所有测量的痛觉部位都发现了类似的差异，结果发现咖啡 有明显的止痛效果。A. turned up出现；B. took up接受；C. put up提供；D. gave up放弃。 结合上文可知测试中都表现出了咖啡的止痛效果，故选Ao39 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，本周发表在BMC Research Notes杂志上的这项研究 的作者警告说，这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。A. satisfaction满足；B. uncertainties不 确定性；C. attention 注意；D. response 响应。结合下文 For starters, the researchers don't know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer tests.可知研究人员不 知道喝咖啡的人在接受电脑测试前喝了多少咖啡，故这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。故 选B。40 .考查副词辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他 各方面是否相似。A. Moreover 此外；B. However 然而；C. Otherwise 否则；D. Nevertheless 然而。止匕处承接上文 For starters, the researchers don't know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer tests.表示进一步说明，故选 Ao41 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外， 其他各方面是否相似。A. guilty内疚的；B. similar相似的；C. different不同的；D. proper 适当的。结合下文in all aspects except for their coffee consumption可知喝咖啡的人和不喝咖 啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似对研究结果也会有影响。故选B。42 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这类问题往往会削弱研究结果的重要性。A. realize意识到； B. observe 观察；C. measure 测量；D. weaken 削弱。根据上文 Problems like these tend to 可 知这些类似的问题往往会削弱研究结果的可信度，故选Do43 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖 啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。A. unlikely不可能的；B.orderly有序的；C.jealous嫉妒的；D. capable 有能力的。结合下文 trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit可知这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的 咖啡饮用者。故选A。【点睛】完形填空主要考查学生对语篇的全面理解，要求学生在做题时能够做到“身临其境，感同身 受，准确把握作者写作意图，同时“瞻前顾后，左顾右盼、充分考虑前后文的逻辑关系，仔 细推敲，最后还原整体和细节。例如小题7,结合下文decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。unpleasant effects“不良影响"。故选A。44 . being45 . which46 . finally47 . declared48 . to retire49 . have made50 . but51 . saying52 . a53 . wonderful【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物 店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。44 .考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。45 .考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop,在非限制性定语 从句中作opened 一词的宾语，故用whicho46 .考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged,意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally47 .考查时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及 said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declaredo48 .考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“ 的计划”，故填to retireo49 .考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时 态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。5。.考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不 做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是而是”之意，故填but。51 .考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词call,故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据say与其 逻辑主语call是主动关系，故填saying。52 .考查冠词用法。句意：我们还以为这是一个玩笑。此处joke为泛指，故填a。53 .考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填 wonderful。Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined-or added-the symbols to get the reward.Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value一sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment what they9re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”21 . What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A .They fed them.B.They named them.C .They trained them.D.They measured them.22 . How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A .By drawing a circle.B.By touching a screen.C .By watching videos.D.By mixing two drinks.23 . What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?A . They could perform basic addition.B . They could understand simple words.C . They could memorize numbers easily. D . They could hold their attention for long. 24 . In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A . Entertainment. B . Health.C . Education.D . Science.BWhen a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables arn turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear" the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate（亲密的）than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.25 . What does a plant do when it is under attack?A . It makes noises.B . It gets help from other plants.C . It stands quietlyD . It sends out certain chemicals.26 . What does the author mean by “the tables are tumed in paragraph 3?A . The attackers get attacked.B . The insects gather under the table.C . The plants get ready to fight back.D . The perfumes attract natural enemies.27 . Scientists find from their studies that plants can. A . predict natural disastersB . protect themselves against insects C . talk to one another intentionally D . help their neighbors when necessary 28 . What can we infer from the last paragraph? A . The world is changing faster than ever.B . People have stronger senses than before C . The world is more complex than it seems D . People in Darwin's time were imaginative.四、完形填空Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, 29 one's risk of developing some diseases, promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one's risk of premature（早于预期的）death, among many other 30, Now it is said that a cup of 31 reduces physical pain.The surprising finding is 32 a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work. The tasks were known to33pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists. The researcherswanted to34how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated（忍受）thepain of such tasks. As a matter of convenie