06 动词的时态和语态(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国).docx

备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练（全国通用）06动词时态和语态【知识框架】I .动词的时态1.常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以do为例）名称构成用法一般现在时do/does,（连系动词 is/am/are）L一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、 科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。2 .主句是一般将来时，时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在 时表示将来。ril go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,! won't go there.3 .在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的 一般在时表示正在发生的动作。There goes the bell.铃响 了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。一般过去时did,（连系动词 was/were）表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过 去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。现在进行时is/am/are doing1 .表示正在进行的动作。2 .表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3 .代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.长江江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。过去进行时was/were doing1 .表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 （这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2 .表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行They were still working when I left.3 .用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生I was writing while he was watching TV.4 .表示过去将来动作He said she was arriving the next day.现在完成时has/have done1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话【答案】21. so that22. to be used23. that24. representing25. who26. entitled27. belonged28. for29. has been recognized30. it【解析】本文是说明文。讲述了生日蛋糕和蜡烛的由来以及生日快乐歌的来源和创作人。数世纪前生日是 为了驱除恶灵对人的伤害，人们通过点生日蜡烛向上帝发送信号或许愿。后来希腊人流传着将蜡烛插在蛋 糕上代表月亮，但据说德国人才是最先使用生日蛋糕和蜡烛的人，他们将蜡烛插在蛋糕中间比喻生命之光。 21.考查结果状语从句。句意：据说，你应该让你朋友和家人围着你，以便他们美好的祝愿和送礼物会使坏 精灵走开。前半句you should have your friends and family around you是原因，后半句应该填表示解释结果的 连词。so that以便；故填so that。22 .考查不定式的被动用法。句意:随后，蜡烛开始被使用在生日蛋糕上。start to do sth.开始做某事。此处 是蜡烛开始被使用，因此要用被动用法。故填to be used。23 .考查表语从句引导词。句意：一个关于生日蛋糕起源的故事是它起源于希腊人。One story是主语，谓 语是系动词is, that引导宾语从句it started with the Greeks,并在句中不充当成分。故填that。24 .考查非谓语动词。句意：希腊人给月神做圆蛋糕象征着满月。makesb./sth.do用法，此处represent与蛋 糕cakes是主动关系，采用doing的形式。故填representing。25 .考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。这歌在1893年由两姐妹Patty and Mildred Hill创作，她们是肯塔基州 路易斯维尔的教师。分析句子成分，先行词two sisters, Patty and Mildred Hill,在非限制性定语从句缺少了 主语，故填关系词who。26 .考查非谓语动词。句意：这歌曲起初被用来作为早晨问候给学生打招呼，取名为“所有人早上好music 作为a morning greeting与entitle是被动关系，entitle应是过去分词的形式，故填entitled。27 .考查时态和语态。the Hill sisters句意：1935年,这歌曲在法律上属于Hill sisters。belong to意为“属于”, 无被动形式，时态为一般过去时，该用过去式，故填belonged。28 .考查介词。句意：在1989年他们花了 2200多美元买下它。for more than $22 million, for+价格表示花了 多少钱，故填介词foro29 .考查现在完成时的被动用法。句意：“生日快乐”现在已经被认可并被翻译成为许多不同的语言。and连 接并列谓语动词，has been translated into是现在完成时的被动，分析句子可知，此处也该用现在完成时的被 动，has后面是过去分词，recognized意为“认可"，故填has been recognizedo30 .考查代词。句意：并且所有孩子仍热衷于创作这歌的新版本。it指代上文的歌曲“祝你生日快乐”，指代 上文出现的同一事物，故填让。4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 31. ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you'd better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 32. ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 33. ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 34. ( suiround ) by trees. Because smoking 35. ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 36. you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 37. the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 38. impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 39. ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 40. ( plain ).【答案】31. broaden32. crowded33. stands34. surrounded35. is forbidden36. where37. in39. mountainous40. plains【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了游览三峡的路线以及沿途的景色。31 .考查动词。句意：通过旅行，你可以欣赏到美丽的景色，开阔视野。分析句子可知，and连接的是enjoy 和broaden两个并列谓语。故填broadeno32 .考查形容词。句意：夏天，你最好在重庆坐游轮去三峡，因为江油号船通常都是太拥挤了。分析句子可 知，本句为for引导的原因状语从句。从句的结构为主系表结构。故填crowded。33 .考查一般现在时。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子 可知，本句为一般现在时，且为全部倒装句，本句的主语为the famous Zhang Fei Temple,所以谓语为stands0 故填 standso34 .考查过去分词。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可 知，the famous Zhang Fei Temple与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语。故填surroundedo 35.考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美 丽的景色。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语smoking与谓语forbid为被动。故填is forbidden。36 .考查关系副词。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分 析句子可知，the deck为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故填where。37 .考查介词。句意：你可以看到远处的渔民。in the distance "在远处”为固定短语。故填in。38 .考查连接代词。句意：然而，给你印象最深的可能是巫山县的大宁河。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句, 在主语从句中，缺少主语，所以用what来充当主语。且符合句意。故填what。39 .考查形容词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。mountainous为形容词来修饰名词land。故填 mountainous o40 .考查名词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。flat为形容词修饰名词plain。长江两岸不止一个平 原，所以应填plain的复数plains。故填plains。5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever wondered where Lego（乐高积木）came from? Like many great inventions,the story is not just one of a great idea, 4L one of a ton of hard work and perseverance （毅力）.The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 42. was struggling with his small business.His wife died 43. （short） after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wood toys,but they didn*t sell well. He decided his toys needed a name,and he chose 44. namenLegon.Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 45. (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to make a few plastic toys. He got the idea to create a "system" of toys that would build up kids* 46. (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 47. (make) wood toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of 48. (model). Each one had to be of the 49. (high) quality, which can be reflected in Lego's motto 一“Only the best is good enough.”Thanks to their perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if they 50. (give up) when times got hard.【答案】41. but42. who/that43. shortly44. the45. was burned(burnt)46. imagination47. making48. models49. highest 50. had given up【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的一个木匠奥尔克里斯琴森创造乐高玩具的经过。41. 考查连词。句意：像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，而是大量的努力和毅力 的结晶。短语not.but“不是而是"，故填but。42. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：奥尔克里斯琴森是个木匠，他的小生意做得很艰难。本句为定语从句修 饰先行词carpenter,且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。43. 考查副词。句意：他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。短语shortly after表示“不久之后； 很快”应填副词shortlyo44. 考查冠词。句意：他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字，于是他选择了“乐高”这个名字。name为可数名词， 此处特指下文“Lego”这个名字，故用定冠词the。45. 考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，几年后，他的工作室被夷为平地。根据上文several years later可 知为描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,且主语workshop与谓语动词构成被动关系，故填was burned(burnt)o 46.考查名词。句意：他的想法是创造一个玩具“系统”，可以培养孩子的想象力和创造力。根据下文并列结 构 and creativity 可知应填名词 imagination。47. 考查固定搭配。句意：他决定停止制作木制玩具，只专注于连接塑料玩具。短语stop doing sth.“停止正 在做的事”后跟-ing形式，故填making。48. 考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文more and more kinds of可知应填名词的复数形式modelso49. 考查形容词最高级。句意：每一个都必须是最高质量的，这可以体现在乐高的格言“只有最好的才足够 好”。根据句意以及上文the可知应填形容词最高级highesto50. 考查虚拟语气。句意：但如果他们在困难时期放弃了，这一切在当时都不会存在。在if引导的虚拟语气 中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if +主语+动词的过去完成式，主语+would / could / should / might + have +动词的过去分词故填had given upo6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Advice is a word that is welcomed warmly by a lot of people. It helps in 51. (achieve) goals in a better way. As we know, 52. (experience) people offer their advice with a positive attitude without making a 53. (judge). You can learn how they give advice.Give advice to people who welcome it. In fact, your focus should be helping others and making 54. aware that the advice can be useful if taken in the right spirit. When advice 55. (give), it should be short. It is also essential that while giving advice, one should be fair. As giving advice is 56. art, you should always state the positive side first so that the person is 57. (relax) and would in turn welcome your advice.Give advice on certain matters. 58. a friend of yours wants to buy a car and requests your advice on the matter, your aim should be to give him details about things to be purchased, but you need not go for some particular brands or items. 59. (similar), advice on some other important issues, like staying in the relationship or future planning, needs to be given 60. (cautious).【答案】51. achieving52. experienced53. judgment54. them55. is given56. an57. relaxed58. If59. Similarly60. cautiously【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文的主要内容是给人建议是一门艺术，本文就如何给出建议提出了几个注意 事项。51 .考查非谓语动词。句意：它有助于以更好的方式实现目标。根据空前in可知，空处填动词ing形式，故 填 achieving o52 .考查形容词。句意：经验丰富的人提供他们的建议。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词修饰后面的名词 people, experienced意为“有经验的”，符合句意，故填experienced。53 .考查名词。句意：正如我们所知，经验丰富的人以积极的态度提供建议，而不做任何判断。根据空前a 可知，空处填名词，judgment意为“判断”，故填judgment。54 .考查代词。句意：事实上，你的重点应该是帮助他人，并让他们意识到，如果本着正确的态度采纳这些 建议，它们是有用的。分析句子结构可知，空处填代词，make sb. aware意为“让某人意识到“，再结合句意 可知，此处用them指代others,故填them。55 .考查被动语态。句意：当提出建议时，应该简短。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语，主语是advice和 give之间是被动关系，再结合语境可知，此处用一般现在时，故填is given。56 .考查冠词。句意：因为提供建议是一门艺术。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再结合语境可知，art 是元音开头，且表示泛指，故填an。57 .考查形容词。句意：你应该总是先说积极的一面，这样对方才会放松。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容 词，relaxed意为“放松的”,符合句意，故填relaxed。58 .考查状语从句连词。句意：如果你的朋友想买一辆车，并向你征求意见，你的目标应该是告诉他要买的 东西的细节。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词引导状语从句，再结合句意可知，空处填if引导条件状 语从句，意为“如果”故填甘。59 .考查副词。句意：在其他一些重要问题上，比如维持关系或未来规划，需要谨慎地给出建议。分析句子 结构可知，空处填副词，修饰空后的句子，再结合句意可知，similarly意为“相似地”，故填Similarly。60 .考查副词。句意：在其他一些重要问题上，比如维持关系或未来规划，需要谨慎地给出建议。分析句子 结构可知,空处填副词,修饰空前be given,再结合句意可知，cautiously意为“谨慎地”，故填cautiously。7阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。So far, China Eastern Airlines61. (receive) approval比准)Eom the Ministry oflndustry and Information Technology to offer in- flight Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes.The carrier becomes China's first airline company62. (provide) Wi-Fi service for both domestic and international flights. Passengers63, (leave) for New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Beijing and Guangzhou will have access64. me Wi-Fi service through a telecommunication satellite.The flights will begin to provide the service in one month after operational65. (prepare). The Wi-Fi service will be free in the 21 airplanes at the beginning,66, a charge list is now under discussion.The company plans to put in Wi-Fi service67, (equip) in all airplanes by 2019-2020. Other carriers in China, such as Air China and Hainan Airlines also have been following this attempt in some oftheir flights during the past few years.Industry experts note that68. approval for the Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes.is a trial for commercial in-flight Internet service operations in China. Aviation(航空)business staff say that China has the potential to become the world's 69. (large) aviation market,70. is likely to create tens of billions of yuan in profit in the aviation Internet business.【答案】61. has received62. to provide63. leaving64. to65. preparations66. but67. equipment68. the69. largest70. which【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国东方航空公司(China Eastern Airlines)获工信部批准在21架航班上提供舱 内Wi-Fi服务，成为全国首家同时向国内、国际航班旅客提供“空中上网”服务的航空公司。61 .考查谓语时态。句意：中国东方航空公司已经获工信部批准，同意其在21架飞机上提供，空中上网，服务。根据空前so far可知空处填现在完成时，故填has receivedo62 .考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子中包含“the first +名词+ to do sth.”是固定句式句式。故填to provideo63 .考查非谓语动词。本句句子的主要成分完整，passengers是主语，will have是谓语，access是宾语。根 据句子结构可知，这里应填现在分词leaving作定语修饰主语passengerso故填leaving064 .考查介词。句意：前往纽约、洛杉矶、旧金山、多伦多、北京和广州的乘客可以通过一颗通讯卫星使用 me Wi-Fi服务。根据句意可知，have access to sth.是固定搭配，表示“有机会或权利利用某物"，故填to。65 .考查名词。根据空白处前面的形容词operational可以知道，该空白处应填名词，prepare的名词形式是 preparation,且常使用其复数形式。故填preparations。66 .考查并列连词。句意：这21架飞机的Wi-Fi服务一开始是免费的，但目前正在讨论收费清单。根据句 意可知，此处表示转折关系，故填but。67 .考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应填名词，equip的名词形式是equipment,且equipment是不可 数名词。故填equipment。68 .考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再根据上下文，这里的approval是特指，故前面应使用定 冠词。故填the。69 .考查形容词最高级。句意：中国有能力成为世界上最大的航空市场。根据句意可知，空白处应填形容词 large的最高级形式。故填largest070 .考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句 子的market。故应用关系代词which。8Who is smarter? A human being or artificial intelligence? The question 71. (sweep) across the world when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the world top player. So, what comes next?Some people are pessimistic, saying that the full development of artificial intelligence, 72. AI in short, could mean the end of the human race. So are we really about to live in the world 73. (show) in the Terminator (终结 者)movies?“Not quite, “answered John Markoff of The New York Times, 74. is optimistic about the future. "We think that, for the human beings, things like sight and balance, 75. (be)natural and ordinary in our life. Also, we humans are better at making 76. (adjust) to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI can 77. (true) begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great. Meanwhile, John Markoff said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more 78. (effect).“Our fate (命运)is 79. our own hands, “he added."Since technology depends on the values of 80. (it) creators, we can choose to use technology to improve the world.【答案】71. swept72. or73. shown74. who75. are76. adjustment (s)77. truly78. effective79. in80. its【解析】这是一篇议论文。谁更聪明？人类还是人工智能？ AlphaG。在围棋领域击败了人类，但这能说明人 工智能可以取代人类的大脑吗？不同的人对未来有不同的看法。71 .考查时态。根据从句中的“defeated”可知，此处的事情发生在过去，故主句应用一般过去时态。故填swepto 72.考查连词。句意：人工智能的全面发展，简而言之，可能意味着人类的终结。artificial intelligence或简 称为AI。该空表示“或者”。故填。口73 .考查非谓语动词。句意：我们真的要活在“终结者”电影里的世界里了吗？ (show) in the Terminator (终结者)movies是定语，修饰the worldothe world和show之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。 故填shown o74 .考查定语从句。is optimistic about the future是非限制性定语从句。修饰John Markoff。引导词在 从句中作主语，指人，应该用who引导该从句。故填who。75 .考查时态与主谓一致。句意：像视觉和平衡这样的事物在我们的生活中是自然的，平凡的。这里说的是 客观事实，应用一般现在时。根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应该和things保持一致，故填are。76 .考查名词。空处在句中作making的宾语，需要用名词形式。故填adjustment (s)。77 .考查副词。空处在句中修饰谓语动词begin,需要用副词形式。故填truly。78 .考查形容词。该处考查make+宾语+宾语补足语结构，宾语补足语应该用形容词。且空前有more修饰， 故该处填effectiveo79 .考查介词。句意：我们的命运由我们自己控制。表示“由某人控制”，应该用in one's hands。故填in。 80.考查代词。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词creators,故应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。9阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fiction movie, 81. is based on the novel of 82. same name by Liu Cixin, and was released on February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year's Day.After learning the sun is dying out ,people all around the world feel 83. (panic).so they build giant planet thrusters(星球推进器)to move the earth out of its orbit and sail 84. to a new star system. The 2500 years'journey comes with unexpected dangers, but in order to save humanity, a group of young people come out bravely and fight hard for everyone's任(survive)oWe 86. (impress) to see the theme of this film. It doesn't particularly show somebody's ability to save our world 87. shows all the human beings are working together,88. (spare)no effort to save this world.The Wandering Earth is seen by people 89. the dawn(开立帚)of Chinese science fiction movies. It means that China's sci-fi movies have90. (official) set sail.【答案】81. which82. the83. panicked84. it85. survival时已完成的动作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往 和“for.，“since''表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.3,表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）“用"have/has been to”， 表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。 一Where is Li Hua?