四川省泸县第五中学2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题.docx

【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段 “So how are cellphones changing us? On average, people spend 4.7 hours a daylooking at their phone, bined with the length of time spent in front of puters, this has led to an increase in the nearsightedness. In North America, in the 1970s about 1/4 of the population had nearsightedness, where today nearly half do; and in some parts of Asia, 80 90% of the population is now nearsighted.（那么是如何改变我们的呢？平均而言，人们每天花小时看。再加上在电脑前花费的时间，这就导致了近视的增加。在20世纪70年代的北美，大约1/4的人口患有近视，而今天这一比例接近一半；在亚洲的一些地区，80%到 90%的人口都患有近视）”可推知，作者在第二段提到近视人群是为了证明对我们眼睛的不良影响。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 Without their phones, they may suffer "nomophobia”the fear or anxiety of being without their phones.（没有 ，他们可能会患上“无恐惧症”一一对没有的恐惧或焦虑）”可知，一个患有“无 恐惧症”的人，如果他的无法访问，他会感觉焦虑。故选A。【14题详解】2田节理解题。根据彳到数第三段中 “The screen produces a blue light which has been shown to change our biological clock, reducing the time spent in deep sleep, which is linked to the development of diabetes, cancer, and obesity.（屏幕会发巾蓝光，这种蓝光会改变我们的生物钟，减少深度睡眠的时间，而深度睡眠与糖尿病、癌 症和肥胖的发生有关）”可知，作者认为产生一种特殊的光，可以减少深度睡眠时间，从而影响我们的睡眠。故选B。【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“So how are cellphones changing us?（那么 是如何改变我们的呢？）”以及最 后一段 “So while phones are in no way totally bad, and have been a part of positive change in the world, there's no denying that they are changing us.（所以，虽然 并不是完全坏的，而且是世界积极变化的一部分，但不 可否认的是，它们正在改变我们）”且文章主要介绍了 正在改变我们，并从不同方面对此进行了具体说 明。可知，A选项“ 是如何改变我们的？ ”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。They say that children learn languages the best. 16 We asked some of the polyglots （通晓多种语言的人）in TED's Open Translation Project to share their secrets to mastering a foreign language. Several basic principles are as follows.Get real. Decide on a simple, achievable goal to start with so that you don't feel confused. German translatorJudith Matz suggests: “Pick up 50 words of a language and start using them on people 一 17Play house with the language. The more you invite a foreign language into your daily life, the more your brain will consider it something useful and worth caring about. "Use every opportunity to get involved in the new language,says Russian translator Olga Dmitrochenkova. 18、read kids' books written in it, watch subtitledTED and TEDx talks, or livenarrate parts of your day to an imaginary foreign friend.19. Dmitrochenkova has a great idea: "A funny thing like resetting the language on your phone canhelp you learn new words right away,“ she says. Ditto for changing the language on your browser （浏览器）.Or you can seek out more structured learning opportunities online. Dutch translator Els De Keyser remends Duolinguo for its gamified （游戏化）approach to grammar, and Anki for memorizing vocabulary with its "intelligent“ flashcards.Make new friends. 20- it will teach you to naturally express your thoughts, instead of mentallytranslating each sentence before you say it. Find native speakers near you. Or search for foreign penpals or set up a language connection online, where two volunteers help one another practice their own languages.A. Let technology help you outB. and look up them in the dictionaryC. Do not worry about making mistakesD. and then slowly start picking up grammarE. municating in the new language is keyF. But that doesn't mean that adults should give upG. Stick every object in your house in this language【答案】16.F17. D 18. G 19. A 20. E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了掌握外语的几个基本原则。【16题详解】F选项“但这并不意味着成年人应该放弃”与上文“They say that children learn languages the best.（他们说孩 子们学习语言最好）”形成转折关系，引出下文“We asked some of the polyglots （通晓多种语言的人）in TED's Open Translation Project to share their secrets to mastering a foreign language. Several basic principles are as follows.（我们邀请了 TED开放翻译项目中的一些多语者分享他们掌握外语的秘诀。几个基本原则如下）” 讲掌握外语的几个基本原则。故选F项。【17题详解】由上文 German translator Judith Matz 的话 “Pick up 50 words of a language and start using them on people（先找 50个外语单词，用它们来跟别人交流）”可知，Judith Matz建议先选择所学语言的50个单词在真实场景中 使用，然后慢慢学习语法，上下文先后关系，D选项“然后慢慢开始学习语法”切题。故选D项。【18题详解】 由下文 “read kids' books written in it, watch subtitled TED and TEDx talks, or livenarrate parts of your day to an imaginary foreign friend（读用那门语言写的童话，看有字幕的TED演讲，或者跟你想象中的外国朋友讲述 一些一天里发生的事），可知，该选项与后文两个分句构成平行关系，它们都是在家使用语言的日常场景， G选项“把家里的每一件物品都用这种语言粘起来”也呼应小标题“Play house with the language.（和语言玩 过家家）”。故选G项。【19题详解】空处是该段段落小标题，由下文“Dmitrochenkova has a great idea: "A funny thing like resetting the languageon your phone can help you learn new words right away,“ she says. Ditto for changing the language on your browser （双U 览器）.Or you can seek out more structured learning opportunities online. Dutch translator Els De Keyser remends Duolinguo for its gamified （游戏化）approach to grammar, and Anki for memorizing vocabulary with its “intelligent” flashcards（德米特罗琴科娃有一个很好的主意：“重新设置语言就能让你马上学到新单词，”她说。同样，你也可以在浏览器上更改语言。或者在网上找一些更系统的学习资源。荷兰语翻 译家埃尔斯德凯瑟推荐用“多邻国”像玩游戏一样学习语法，用Anki的智能卡片背单词）”可知，本 段主要讲可以运用技术来帮助学习语言，A选项“让技术帮助你”切题。故选A项。【20题详解】 由小标题“Make new friends.（结交新朋友）”可知该段主题是通过交友练习语言，E选项中的“municating”是关键，E选项“用新语言交流是关键”切题。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题，每小题分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At the midMay in 2018, the 69 yearold amputee （被截肢者）Xia Boyu finally stood proud on two artificial legs on the peak of Mount Qomolangma, a symbol showcasing to the world the power of 21More than 40 years ago, Xia 22 both of his feet to frost bite after lending his sleeping bag to a team member during the trip to climb Mount Qomolangma.Even though artificial legs were not 23 in China at the time, Xia strongly 24 that he would one day fulfill his 25 dream and so, before that day came, the best thing to do was to 26 himself by training constantly. Three years later he finally got his new legs, which enabled him to 27 his sports career.However, fate once again took a 28 turn when he was in his 40s. In 1993, illness 29 on thestumps（残肢）on his legs, which required another third of his lower legs be amputated. Three years after that, he was diagnosed with lymph cancer.Over the years, Xia never gave up his dream of climbing Mount Qomolangma.30 to his finalsuccessful climb in 2018, he had tried four other times to climb to the summit, but each time Lady Luck gave him the 31The last time he 32 his dream was in 2016. The then 67yearold was only 94 meters from thesummit, but a snow storm 33 his way. Taking his team members9 34 into consideration,Xia made the 35 decision to go back.On May 14, Xia felt 36 and a strong sense of fulfillment 37 in him, standing on thepeak of the highest mountain in the world.“The key is to focus on your dreams, instead of the 38 you encounter along the way. I didn'tregret anything that I had done and accepted everything that life had 39 me, but I never stoppedfighting against 40disability or the thoughts or 21. A. strength22. A. cost23. A. affordable24. A. confirmed25. A. unfinished26. A. pressure27. A. take28. A. sudden29. A. existed30. A. Previous31. A. tough nut32. A. put effort into33. A. blanketed34. A. honour35. A. final36. A. tiredness37. A. welled upJ Xia said, stressing expectations of others, but aB. dreamB. gaveB. acceptableB. assuredB. unchallengedB. presentB. beginB. rightB. developedB. NewB. red carpetB. devoted himself toB. blockedB. safetyB. disappointingB. reliefB. showed upthat fulfilling one's dream firm belief in yourself.C. confidenceC. lostC. availableC. hopedC. unsolvedC. preserveC. pleteC. darkC. roseC. BackC. cold shoulderC. got close toC. bathedC. creditC. wiseC. painC. stood uphas nothing to do with age,D. mindD. paidD. reachableD. believedD. untouchedD. prepareD. continueD.goodD. stoodD. SimilarD. last strawD. threw himself intoD. smoothedD. struggleD. heartbreakingD. lonelinessD. turned up38. A. distrustB.doubtC. difficultiesD. criticism39. A. thrown atB. provided forC. arranged forD. distributed to40. A. challengesB. fearC. fateD. disbelief【答案】2LB22. C 23. C 24. D25. A 26. D 27. D28. C 29. B30. A 31.C 32. C 33. B34. B 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了 69岁的截肢运动员XiaBoyu,克服困难，终于在珠穆朗玛峰的山顶上用 两条人造腿自豪地站了起来，向世界展示了梦想的力量。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年5月中旬，69岁的截肢运动员Xia Boyu终于在珠穆朗玛峰的山顶上用 两条人造腿自豪地站了起来，这是向世界展示梦想力量的象征。A. strength力量；B.dream梦想；C.conEdence 信心；D. mind 大脑，智慧。根据后文 “he would one day fulfill his 5 dream” 可知,这是 梦想的力量。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：40多年前，在攀登珠穆朗玛峰时，Xia把睡袋借给了队友，结果他被冻伤失去 了双脚。A. cost 花费；B. gave 给；C.双st 丢失;D. paid 支付。根据后文 “Even though artificial legs were not 3in China at the time”可知,他被冻伤，失去了双脚。故选C项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有可用的人造腿，但Xia坚信自己有一天会实现自己未完成 的梦想，因此，在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练做好准备。A. affordable负担得起的; B. acceptable可接受的；C.available可用的；D. reachable可达成的。根据语境和前文“Eventhough”及后文 “Xia strongly 4that he would one day fulfill his 5 dream” 可知，当时中国还没有可用的人造腿。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有人造腿，但Xia坚信自己有一天会实现自己未完成的梦想, 因此，在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练做好准备。A. confirmed确认；B. assured保证; C. hoped 希望；D. believed 相信。根据语境和前文 uthe 69 yearold amputee （被截肢者）Xia Boyu finally stood proud on two artificial legs on the peak of Mount Qomolangma” 可知，Xia 相信自己会梦想成真。故选 D 项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有人造腿，但Xia坚信自己有一天会实现自己未完成的梦 想，因此，在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练做好准备。A. unfinished未完成的；B.unchallenged未受到挑战的;C. unsolved未解决的；D. untouched未触及的。根据前文More than 40 years ago, Xia 2 both of his feet to frost bite after lending his sleeping bag to a team member during the trip to climb Mount Qomolangma.可知，登上珠穆朗玛峰是他未完成的梦想。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有人造腿，但Xia坚信自己有一天会实现自己未完成的梦想, 因此，在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练做好准备。A. pressure施压；B. present提交，授 予；C. preserve保护；D. prepare准备。根据语境和后文“by training constantlyv可知，他为实现梦想做准 备。故选D项。27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三年后，他终于有了新的双腿，这使他能够继续他的运动生涯。A. take拿走；B. begin开始；C.plete完成；D. continue继续。根据前文“he finally got his new legs”可知，因为有了新的人 造腿，他可以继续他的运动生涯。故选D项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他40多岁的时候，命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。A. sudden突然的;B. right 正确的；C. dark 黑暗的;D. good 好的。根据后文 “illness 9on the stumps（残肢）on his legs,which required another third of his lower legs be amputated. Three years after that, he was diagnosed with lymph cancer."可知，他的命运又发生了黑暗的转折。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1993年，他腿上的残肢出现了疾病，需要再切除三分之一的小腿。A. existed存 在；B. developed发展，形成，生长；C. rose上升；D.stood站立。根据语境和后文“on the stumps（残肢）on his legs” 及 “which required another third of his lower legs be amputated v可知，他腿上又有了新的疾病。故 选B项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前，他曾四次尝试登顶，但每次幸运女神都对 他冷眼相待，没有眷顾他。A. Previous以前的；B. New新的；C.Back背后的，后面的；D. Similar类似的。根据语境和后文 “he had tried four other times to climb to the summit, but each time Lady Luck gave him the IL可知，在他最后成功之前，有过四次的失败。故选A项。【31题详解】考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前，他曾四次尝试登顶，但每次幸运女神都 对他冷眼相待，没有眷顾他。A. tough nut难对付的人；B. red carpet红地毯；C.cold shoulder冷遇，闭门羹； D. last straw 最后一根稻草。根据前文 u10to his final successful climb in 201可知,2018 年最后 一次成功，所以前面四次尝试都失败了，所以说，幸运女神没有眷顾他。故选c项。【32题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他上一次接近自己的梦想是在2016年。A. put effort into对某事付出很大力 气；B. devoted himself to献身于；C.got close to靠近，接近；D. threw himself into投身其中，积极参与。根 据语境和后文 “his dream" 及“The then 67yearold was only 94 meters from the summit, but a snow storm 13 his way.”可知,那次他最接近梦想。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时67岁的他距离峰顶只有94米，但一场暴风雪挡住了他的去路。A.blanketed 以厚层覆盖;B. blocked阻塞,挡住；C.bathed洗澡;D.smoothed使平滑。根据语境和前文"a snow storm v 及后文“hisway”可知，这次失败的原因是暴风雪挡住了去路。故选B项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到团队成员的安全，Xia做出了令人心碎的决定：回去。A.honour荣誉；B. safety安全；C.credit信用；D.struggle奋斗，挣扎。基于前文的分析可知，暴风雪挡住了去路，根据后文 “Xia made the 15decision to go back”可知,为安全起见，他决定回去。故选B项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到团队成员的安全，Xia做出了令人心碎的决定：回去。A. final最后的;B. disappointing令人失望的；C wise明智的；D. heartbreaking令人心碎的。基于前文的分析可知，他们已经 接近了成功，但是暴风雪挡住了去路，根据后文"to go back"可知，做出“回去”的决定是多么令人心碎 呀！故选D项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：5月14日，站在世界上最高的山峰上，Xia感到如释重负，一种强烈的成就感涌 上心头。A. tiredness 疲劳；B. relief 轻松；C. pain 痛苦；D. loneliness 孤独。根据后文 astanding on the peak of the highest mountain in the world ”可知，他成功登顶了，所以如释重负，轻松了。故选B项。【37题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：5月14日，站在世界上最高的山峰上，Xia感到如释重负，一种强烈的成就 感涌上心头。A. welled up涌出；B.showed up如约赶到，出现，露面；C.stood up起立;D. turned up调大, 出现。根据后文 ustanding on the peak of the highest mountain in the world v可知,他成功登顶了，成就感涌 上心头。故选A项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键是要专注于你的梦想，而不是你在路上遇到的困难。A. distrust不信任；B. doubt怀疑；C difficulties困难；D.criticism批评。基于前文的分析可知,Xia克服了许多困难,最终实现了 自己的梦想，根据后文“you encounter along the way”可知，此处指路上遇到的困难。故选C项。【39题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我不后悔我做过的任何事，接受生活抛给我的一切，但我从未停止与命运抗 争。A. thrown at 投向，抛向；B. provided for 为提供；C. arranged for 为作安排；D. distributed to 把分发给。基于前文的分析可知，Xia在登山的生涯中，遇到过许多困难，根据前文“I didn't regret anything that I had done and accepted everything that lifev可知，此处指“生活所抛给他的一切困难”。故选 A项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不后悔我做过的任何事，接受生活抛给我的一切，但我从未停止与命运抗争。A. challenges挑战；B. fear恐惧；C.fate命运；D. disbelief怀疑。基于前文的分析可知，Xia在登山的生涯 中，遇到过许多困难，但是他不屈不挠，克服困难，不屈服于命运，最终走向成功。根据前文"However,fate once again took a 8 turn when he was in his 40s.以及“I never stopped fighting against” 可知, 他从未 停止过与命运的抗争。故选C项。第二节(共10小题：每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当 单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The women's national volleyball team 41 (be) the pride of the Chinese people since it first won the championship in 1981. It beat Serbia on September 28, right before 42 National Day holiday, defending its World Cup crown with a record of 11 wins."Leap”, a fi 1 m 43 the Chinese women's national volleyball team, is set to hit the big screens on January 25, 2020, the first day of the Chinese New Year. 44 (direct) by Peter Hosun Chan (陈可辛)and starring Alist actress Gong Li, the film is based on the volleyball team's stories spread over 45 (many) than 40 years.Gong Li plays the role of Lang Ping, the current head coach of the team. The film star has been shot with the players on a number of occasions in the past several 46 (month). More so, a picture of her in the film also amazed the audience due to 47 (she) striking resemblance (相彳以)to Lang.“The first time I watched a game of the Chinese women's national volleyball team was in 1978 in Bangkokthe Asian Games. It was 18yearold Lang Ping's first 48 (appear) in an international game, and I was 16 years old and sat by the court, feeling 49 (excite) all the time. Now I'm almost 60 years old, and am preparing for the film based on their story. 50 a wonderful Chan wrote in a post.【答案】41. has been42. the 43. on#about44. Directed45. more 46. months 47. her 48. appearance49. excited50. What【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章预告了电影夺冠的上映。该电影由陈可辛执导，一线女星巩俐主演， 改编自中国女排40多年来流传的故事。41题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国女排自1981年第一次夺冠以来，一直是中国人民的骄傲。since与现在 完成时连用，且主语为单数名词，故填has been。【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：中国女排在9月28日国庆节前击败塞尔维亚，以11胜的战绩卫冕世界杯冠军。由普通 名词构成的专有名词“National Day”前，应加定冠词。故填the。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：夺冠是一部关于中国女排的电影，将于2020年1月25日，也就是农历新年的第一天 上映。分析句子可知，此处应填介词。on在此处表示“根据，基于，由于"；about意为“关于"。故填 on 或 abouto【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该片由陈可辛执导，一线女星巩俐主演，改编自排球队40多年来流传的故事。非谓语动词direct和句子主语the film之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填Directed。【45题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：该片由陈可辛执导，一线女星巩俐主演，改编自排球队40多年来流传的故事。因句空后than可知，此空填many的比较级；且more