04 选择性必修第一册Unit 1综合检测-2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019).docx

"Congratulations, Karie! You did it! ” she announced.The whole class burst into applause! Ms McCormack righted herself and presented Karie with her prize. Karie grinned as she read the label on the box :To Karie Carter, for her perfect first-quarter score in spelling.“Is everything OK? ” Mom asked as Karie burst through the front door after school. Karie didn't answer. As if by magic, she took out her spelling test paper and prize and showed them to her mother. Mom hugged her, asking her to put the test paper on the fridge so that Dad could see it when he got home.Karie took another look at the test paper before putting it on the fridge. Her hands stopped in the mid air. She just couldn't believe her own eyes. Honestly?Yes! H-o-n-e-s-l-y!Mom sensed something unusual and asked why. Karie stuffed the test paper into her backpack and explained that she was just too excited. Mom brought her some tea. Yes, a "t" was exactly what she needed.After drinking a little, Karie plodded down the hall, lost in thought. How could she tell the class she hadn't earned the prize and that Ms McCormack did the handstand for nothing?注意：续写词数应为150左右。Later Dad came in with excitement.The next morning, Karie went to school earlier than usual.参考答案第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分）A【文章大意】这是一篇应用文广告。向大家介绍了 Natural History Museum在十二月的几个线上活动。1 .【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，大家可以在这个活动中学会烘焙带有恐龙脚印形状孔的饼干。故选C。2 .【解析】选Bo细节理解题。由第三段第二、三句可知，在节目过程中可以提问，在视频播放过程中把你 的问题打字在聊天框内。故选B。3 .【解析】选C。细节理解题。读最后一段可知，如果你想看鸟类约会，你可以加入researcher Juan Camilo 的活动中。故选C。B【文章大意】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了 Joseph Lister的生平以及他在医学方面的贡献。4 .【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知李斯特小时候就读于Quaker学校，在那里他的 法语和德语非常流利。这两种语言是医学研究的主要语言。故选A。5 .【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句"which exposed patients to great risks"（使病人处于巨大 风险中）可知，与目前的医疗条件相比，医院在一些不卫生的条件下进行手术。所以unsanitary和unhealthy 词义相同。故选D。6 .【解析】选C o细节理解题。根据第四段第三句"Lister confirmed Pasteur's theory with his own experiments. ”（李斯特用自己的实验证实了巴斯德的理论。）可知，Lister用他自己的实验证实Pasteur的理论 是可靠的。故选C。7 .【解析】选Bo细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知李斯特决定利用这些发现为伤口创造一些抗菌 的技术，从而减少术后感染，使手术对患者来说更加安全。故选B。C【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。短文叙述了英国化石收藏家、商人和古生物学家玛丽安宁的故事。8 .【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第二段“Mary was born into a poor family.visitors.”可知，1799年5月21 日，玛丽出生于英国一个贫穷的家庭。玛丽的父亲经常带着他的孩子们沿着海滩走。他们捡贝壳和石头卖给 游客。所以玛丽的父亲带孩子们去海边是为了谋生。故选B。9 .【解析】选D。推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Scientists wrote.visitors”可知，科学家写信要来拜访她。 玛丽还开了一家商店出售化石、石头和贝壳，且与到访的游客聊（一些关于化石的信息）。由此可判断出，在 那个时候她很有名，很受欢迎。故选D。10 .【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段“In 1811 when Mary and Joseph . rock.”可知，1811年，当玛丽和 约瑟夫在寻找化石时，约瑟夫看到一根骨头从岩石中伸出来。所以约瑟夫是看到含有第一个完整鱼龙化石的 人。故选D。11 .【解析】选Ao词义猜测题。由第四段“She liked to hunt. . . fossils.可知，暴风雨过后她喜欢在海滩上寻 找化石。风、雨、浪使岩石变得碎裂。很容易发现化石。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出第四段加下划线 的单词是“破裂"break的意思。故选A。D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活在亚马孙地区的一种鸟麝雉，它们的外貌很漂亮, 幼鸟和成鸟的生活习性不同以及它们的繁殖习性。12 .【解析】选D。主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是hoatzin（麝雉）这种鸟类的外貌以及生活习性。13 .【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段has claws on its wings when young”和第三段可知，麝雉在幼 年期它们的翅膀上有爪子，而长大学会飞之后就没有了。14 .【解析】选 A。推理判断题。由第三段“Using these four claws, together with the beak, they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done.“可知，它们的四个爪子和喙可以帮助它们 爬行，这非常像原始鸟类的做法。故推知原始鸟类有爪子。15 .【解析】选 Do 细节理解题。由最后一段中的. they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. "可知，它们这样做的目的是繁育后代。第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分,满分12. 5分）【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了明确目标的方法。16 .【解析】选B。根据上文可知要想知道你想要的是什么需要很多思考和考虑。又根据下文每段句首可知 提至U 了 明确的 目标和步骤。B 项：By taking the right steps, your process of deciding on a goal can get much easier. （通过采取正确的步骤，你决定目标的过程会变得容易得多。）符合语境。故选B。17 .【解析】选 F。本段主要是要写出一些想法0F 项：It involves simply writing down whatever comes to you with a specific question in mind.（它包括简单地写下你想到的任何东西，在脑海里有一个具体的问题。）符合语境。 故选Fo18【解析】选Eo上文提到了避免目标受外部因素的影响，即要设定能控制的目标。E项:Generally, it is more effective to set goals that you have control over.（一般来说，设定你能控制的目标更有效。）符合语境。故选E。19 .【解析】选 Go 根据上文内容“Judge if your goal is sufficiently challenging but not impossible”（判断你的目 标是否足够具有挑战性，但又不是不可能实现的。）可知，空处指出应该要选具有挑战性的目标。G项：Your goal should be challenging enough to keep you interested and give you a sense of accomplishment.（你的 目标应该 有足够的挑战性，让你保持兴趣，并给你成就感。）符合语境。故选G。20 .【解析】选D。本段主要讲述的是要为目标制定一个时间表。D项：Set up a timetable for your goal.（为你 的目标制定一个时间表。）符合语境。故选D。第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在公交车上，为司机对一个盲人的善举而感谢司机，司机也 因为作者的夸奖而感激，这让作者想起曾经遇到的一句话：心怀感激却不表达，就像包装礼物却不送出去一 样。鼓励人们对别人的善举说出内心的声音。21 .【解析】选C。句意：我突然想到，我应该告诉他，看到他的善良，尤其是对那个失明的女人，我是多么 感激。took up拿起；pondered over考虑；popped up突然出现；turned out结果是。根据前后文“A thought that I should tell him how much”可知指突然有了一个想法，应用pop up。故选Co22 .【解析】选A。根据后文“I really appreciated seeing it. ”可知作者感激司机对失明的女人的善举。故选A。23 .【解析】选B。句意：“不，那可能只是无意之举罢了，“我脑子里一个声音告诉我，随着我怀疑的想法出 现了各种各样的借口。根据后文“all sorts of excuses”可知作者对自己有所怀疑。故选B。24 .【解析】选B。句意:“反正你应该从后门出去，所以你没有机会去对司机说什么'根据"You're supposed to go out of the back door anyway”可知作者从后门下车，就没有机会和司机说话了。故选B。25 .【解析】选Co句意：我又想了一遍，然后我想到了我在这个社区里遇到的所有小而感人的善良时刻。 根据后文“moments of kindness I have met in this community”可知作者想到了自己在社区里遇到的感人的善良 时刻。故选C。26 .【解析】选A。句意：当公共汽车接近我下车的站点时，我走到公共汽车的前面。根据后文“my stop”可知 指公交车越来越靠近作者要下车的站点了，故选A。27 .【解析】选B。结合常识可知，司机在公交车的前面，所以作者走到前面和司机道谢。故选B。28 .【解析】选C。句意：非常感谢你对那个失明的女人的帮助。呼应第二段中“especially to the blind woman” 司机帮助了盲人。故选C。29 .【解析】选 Ao 根据上文“Well, that's really nice to hear. Thank you so much! It's nice to know that someone 可知司机对作者注意到了自己的善举表示感谢。故选A。30 .【解析】选Bo句意：所以我对残疾人有一种特殊的好感。结合上文“My brother is deaf. So I have a special soft spot for people with”可知因为司机的家人也是有残疾的，所以他对残疾人有一种特殊的好感。故选B。31 .【解析】选D。根据后文“and made my day”可知make one's day表示让某人开心，说明这件事很鼓舞人 心。故选D。32 .【解析】选Ao结合上文“Thank you. That really makes my day.''可知司机为有人注意到了自己的善举而 开心，所以露出灿烂的微笑，短语wide smile“灿烂的笑容”。故选A。33 .【解析】选Do flooded淹没；mixed混合；stopped by顺便拜访；melted away消失。结合上文作者和司机 的对话可知，之前的怀疑都消失了。故选D。34 .【解析】 选 Co 根据后文“me of a line I once came across: Feeling gratitude and not expressing it is like wrapping a present and not giving it.”指想到见过的一句话，remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起故选 Co35 .【解析】选 Do 再次呼应上文“seeing his kindness"以及"moments of kindness I have met in this community, 频繁出现的kindness,指遇到人们的善举。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）【文章大意】斯蒂芬霍金于2018年3月14日去世，享年76岁。本文简单介绍了霍金的生平。36 .【解析】peacefully。考查词性转换。空处修饰谓语动词died,故用副词。37 .【解析】hours。考查名词复数。the early hours"凌晨时分''为固定用法，故填hours。38 .【解析】to。考查介词。be known to. for. . ."因而为所知”为固定用法，故填to。39 .【解析】was given。考查时态和语态。根据表示过去的时间状语“At the age of 22”可知此处要用一般过 去时；又Prof. Hawking与give是动宾关系，故用被动语态。40 .【解析】unableo考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处要填形容词；又此处表示“他不能说话”，故填 unable o41 .【解析】to set。考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，序数词后一般用不定式作后置定语，故 填 to seto42 .【解析】leak。考查时态。虽然主句用了一般过去时，但宾语从句叙述的是客观事实，故从句要用一般现 在时。43 .【解析】latero考查副词。此处表示一个之后会作为霍金辐射而闻名的现象，故填later。44 .【解析】an。考查冠词。前面的“a beginning”暗示这里用an end,故填an。45 .【解析】ifo考查状语从句。根据语境可知，此处要用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果工第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）【参考范文】Dear Jim,How is everything going? Glad to know you take a keen interest in Chinese history, I'd like to introduce a remarkable Chinese to you.The hero I want to introduce is an extraordinary writerLu Xun, who wrote many remarkable novels. He wascommitted to fighting against the enemy with his articles, arousing the passion of the Chinese for building a newChina. It was due to this that he was acknowledged as a hero of his time.Lu Xun has influenced me a lot. Not only does he help me obtain a better knowledge of China but I have learnt the importance of insistence.To sum up, he is a great hero in the history of China. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua 第二节（满分25分）【参考范文】Later Dad came in with excitement. "Where's your spelling test, Karie? ” Dad asked eagerly. Karie looked away from her father. Anyhow, she reluctantly went to her room and pulled out the test paper. Dad fixed his eyes on the paper, a pleasant smile lifting the corner of his mouth. “I'm proud of you, sweetie. We need to celebrate it tonight. " Karie pretended to be smiling all the time. Meanwhile a sense of guilt rose inside her. Feeling she didn't deserve the prize, she had a sleepless night for the first time in her life.The next morning, Karie went to school earlier than usual. Ms McCormack was unlocking the classroom. “You're an early bird. " Ms McCormack said. Karie's hands trembled. She handed her teacher the spelling paper and the dictionary. "I can't keep this. I misspelled 'honestly9 and you didn't catch it. " For a moment, Ms McCormack stood quietly reading the label on the dictionary. Then picking up her pen, she crossed out the word “perfect“ and wrote “honest" before returning the dictionary to Karie. "Keep this. But for honesty.for wounds, which led to the reduction in post-operative infections, making surgery safe for patients. He published his findings in The Lancet.In 1881, Lister moved to London where he was appointed president of Clinical Society of London and died in 1892.4. Where did Lister learn the languages necessary for his medical career?A. At a Quaker school.B. At University of Glasgow.C. In University College London.D. In the Royal College of Surgeons.5. What does the underlined word "unsanitary“ in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Safe.B. Comfortable.C. Unlucky.D. Unhealthy.6. How did Lister know Pasteur's theory was reliable?A. By consulting some experts.B. By checking some records.C. By doing experiments himself.D. By observing Pasteur's experiments.7. What was Lister's contribution?A. Improving people's eyesight.B. Reducing infections after operations.C. Making people feel more confident.D. Lowering the costs of making operations.CMary Arming was an English fossil collector, dealer and paleontologist（古生物学家）.Her fossil-hunting helped change the way people thought about the world.Mary was born into a poor family in England on May 21, 1799. She lived in the seaside town of Lyme Regis, in Dorset. The family had nine children. Only Mary and her brother Joseph grew up. Mary's father took his children along the beach. They picked up shells and stones to sell to visitors. Mary did not go to school much. Her family was too poor. And schools did not teach children about fossils. Mary could read and write. She taught herself. She learned about rocks and how bodies are made.In 1811 when Mary and Joseph were hunting fossil, Joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock. Mary had a hammer to chip away at the rock. Very carefully she uncovered it. She found the first complete fossil of the ichthyosaur （鱼龙）.Since then, Mary became crazy about fossil hunting. She liked to hunt on the beach after a storm. The wind, rain and waves made the rocks crumble. It was easy to spot fossils. Most days Mary went fossil hunting with her dog, Tray.Rich friends helped Mary by selling fossils for her. They sent her money. Scientists wrote letters and came to see her. One good friend was William Buckland, a professor at Oxford University. Mary also opened a shop to sell fossils, stones and shells. She chatted with visitors.Mary Aiming died in 1847. How evolution（进化）works was explained by Charles Darwin not long after Mary died. Her fossils had helped scientists understand how things began.8. Why did Mary's father take his children along the beach?A. To enjoy life.B. To make a living.C. To look for fossils.D. To teach them about fossils.9. What can we learn about Mary?A. Her father was a paleontologist.B. Her father educated her at home.C. She had nine brothers and sisters in all.D. She might be popular at that time.10. Who was the first one to catch sight of the rock containing the first complete ichthyosaur fossil?A. Charles Darwin.B. Mary's dog.C. Mary.D. Joseph.11. What does the underlined word "crumble” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. breakB. shakeD. diveC. floatAlong the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco, there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws （爪）on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4. 6 m above the river, an important feature for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak （喙），they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive （远 占的）birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.12. What is the text mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.13. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that.A. they look like young cuckoosB. they have claws on the wingsC. they eat a lot like a cowD. they live on river banks14. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A. They had claws to help them climb.B. They could fly long distances.C. They had four wings like hoatzins.D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.15. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food.B. To protect themselves better.C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce their young.第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分,满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Before you can commit to achieving a goal, you have to define what exactly your goal is. This is much harder than it may sound. It can take a lot of thoughts and considerations to find out what you want. 16Try free writing to come up with ideas. If you're having trouble coming up with a broad idea for your goal, try a free writing exercise. 17 You may find that your brain gets more creative when you're not forcing it to come up with ideas.Avoid goals based on external （夕卜部的）factors. 18 Otherwise, you risk getting frustrated if you can't complete your goal because of something thafs out of your control. For example, if your goal is to be the best player on your baseball team, and someone else ends up being better than you, you won't be able to reach your goal.Judge if your goal is sufficiently challenging but not impossible: 19 You shouldn't, however, set goals that are so difficult that you get frustrated and stop.20 It helps to set a date that you would like to achieve your goal by. This will help prevent you from putting off working on it. It will also help you track your progress by setting benchmarks （标准）.A. Break up your goal into sub-g