04 选择性必修第四册Unit 1综合检测-2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019).docx

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（人教版2019） 选择性必修第四册Unit 1综合能力检测 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37.5分）ACity: HangzhouLaunched: 2008Size: 2, 965 stations/ 69, 750 bikesPrice: $32. 61 d叩osit（押金）+ time chargeWhile taking a look at this city, you may see the best bike sharing in the world. As the second on the planet by size, the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System is one of the most common and useful shares, largely because it's combined with public transportation: a single card can be used in subway, bus, taxi and bike sharing.Residents and tourists can put down a deposit of 200 Chinese Yuan （about $33）and ride for an hour for free in this scenic city. Each additional hour costs only $0. 15. It was also the first new-generation bike-sharing system in China. By 2021 it's projected to have 175, 000 bikes.City: BarcelonaLaunched: 2007Size: 420 stations/ 6, 000 bikesPrice: $61.93 per yearBarcelona's Bicycling Program developed Spain's bike-sharing business in a big way. This program took off like wildfire on wheels, and became four times bigger in one year. It inspired different copycat programs all over the country. Today, Spain has 132 bike-sharing systems. The program is one of the world's most respected and popular shares. But it is only open to residents and tourists are not allowed to use it.City: ParisLaunched: 2007Size: 1,751 stations/ 23, 900 bikesPrice: $38. 52 per year/ $2. 26 per day1 .写作词数应为80左右；2 .题目已给出，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：2019年诺贝尔物理学奖the 2019 Nobel Prize in PhysicsA Scientific Lecture第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Chelsea was a saleswoman. She worked for a medical equipment manufacturer to sell medical equipment to hospitals. She drove all over Los Angeles County five days a week. She was not the world's most law-abiding（守法 的）driver. When all the freeway lanes were at a dead stop, she would drive along the emergency lane. She rarely met a stop sign at an empty intersection that she obeyed. She always slowed down enough to make sure the intersection was clear, and then zipped on through. She usually talked on her cell phone while driving. While driving and talking, she would often drink a soda or eat a sandwich. Her hands, legs, and mouth were always busy while she was driving. She was born, she often said proudly, to multitask.Last night she had to show a customer how to operate a new device. The customer was a slow learner, so Chelsea ended up leaving the hospital half an hour later than she had planned. Then, of course, she got stuck in Friday evening rush hour. She was going to be late for her date, but the nearby mountains blocked her cell phone from calling her customer and telling him.She was already anxious, and things seemed to be getting worse. Then all the traffic stopped. Chelsea drove immediately over to the emergency lane and continued driving along it. She was making good progress. She couldn't believe she was the only one in the emergency lane. Usually several cars would follow her lead. Then she saw the red flashing lights in her rearview mirror. The officer pulled her over and walked up alongside her car. He was young and good-looking. Chelsea felt better.“Is there any reason that you are in the emergency lane?”“Officer, I'm not feeling well and Fm just trying to get to the nearest store to buy my medicine. " She looked at him with big, sweet, innocent eyes.He looked at her for a long moment, then handed her license back.“Okay, ma'am. Take the first exit you come to. I hope you'll be feeling better. Tm Anthony, by the way.“Thank you so much, officer Anthony.注意：续写词数应为150左右。The officer walked back to his car and Chelsea drove on.There was no line in the store.参考答案第二部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37.5分）A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了杭州、巴塞罗那、巴黎三个城市的共享单车系统及其规模，收费情 况和使用情况等。21 .【解析】选 Ao 细节理解题。根据 City: Barcelona 中的第一句 Barcelona's Bicycling Program developed Spain's bike-sharing business in a big way可知巴塞罗那的单车项目极大地开发了西班牙的共享单车产业。故 选Ao22 .【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据City: Paris中的价格Price: $38. 52 per year/$2. 26 per day可知，巴 黎的共享单车收费为每天2. 26美元。故选C。23 .【解析】选 A。细节理解题。根据 City: Hangzhou 中的第三句 Residents and tourists can put down a deposit of 200 Chinese Yuan （about $33）and ride for an hour for free in this scenic city;以及 City: Paris 部分中的最后一句 ifs a favourite with both locals and tourists. 可知 Hangzhou Public Bicycle System 和 Paris's bike sharing 都对本地居民和外来游客开放。故选A。B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。人类学家发现，我们的祖先们使用工具比我们想象的早得多。24 .【解析】选 Co 细节理解题。根据第二段的“350, 000 years older than the previous record holders.”可知 C项是正确的。25 .【解析】选 A。细节理解题。根据第四段的. Acheulean hand axes, which were made from chipped volcanic rock from. . . Lake Turkana in Kenya. ”可知，阿舍利文化日寸期的手斧是用来自肯尼亚的火山岩做成的。所以选 A项。26 .【解析】选 D。词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“The Acheulean hand axes, on the other hand, have a defined teardrop or oval shape.“可知，D 项符合题意。27 【解析】选Ao推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话“The study appears in Thursday's issue of the journal Mmzw.”可知，这篇文章最可能在一本关于自然科学的书中被发现。故A项符合题意。B项“历史事件六C 项“成功人士”；D项“政治体系:本文与这三项并无关联，故都可以排除。C【文章大意】本文是说明文。今年云南普洱茶产地六大名山之一的南糯山的产茶量很低。多年来炎热的天 气和最低的降雨量导致产量减少。今年春天，干旱使茶叶的产量减少了大约一半。28 【解析】选 Do 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 Local officials blame climate change for an increase in drought-like conditions in recent years.可知，当地官员把近年来类似干旱的情况增加归咎于气候变化。由此 可知，近年来普洱茶种植区的气候越来越干燥。故选D。29 【解析】选 Bo 细节理解题。根据第四段中 Pu9er trees grow in the cloud-covered forests of Yunnan. The trees require no fertilizers or pesticides, unlike the tea trees grown on large farms elsewhere. 可知， 生长在云南云雾 缭绕的森林里的普洱树，与生长在其他地方的大型农场的茶树相比，此树不需要肥料或农药。由此可知，与 其他大农场种植的茶树相比，普洱树的一大优势是绿色无污染。故选B。30 .解析】选 B。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一)4aThese trees are quite pitiful. They should have been protected like children. ”可知，这些树真可怜。他们本应该像孩子一样受到保护。由此可推知,Si Da认为更幼 年的茶树应该得到很好的照顾。故选B。31 .【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第二段第四句可知多年来最热的天气和最低的降雨量减少了产量；根 据第三段第一句可知当地官员指责气候变化导致了近年来干旱状况的增加，以及根据第五段第一句可知干 旱状况损害了南糯山32个村庄的经济。可知，文章谈论的是干旱损害了中国普洱茶的产量。故选D。D【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究发现大脑训练并不会像人们认为的那样能提升人的大脑能力。32 .【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段三、四句可知，很多这样的产品都是只为了赚钱的垃圾。而且, 没有科学证据可以证明这些游戏或大脑锻炼有这种功效。可推知，本文作者认为大脑训练产品是不可靠的， 因为没有科学证据证明它们有用。故选D。33 .【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，研究表明大脑训练只能使其所针对的一个方面 得到改善，所以，如果你学会了快速寻找图像，这并不意味着你就能提高你的记忆能力。可推知,Peter Sawicki认为大脑训练只能改善人的某一项能力。故选A。34 .【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段二三句可知,Sawicki认为做大脑训练时应该放松，不要想 太多，如果觉得有趣就做，如果觉得不喜欢就不做。故选B。35 .【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，研究还没有表明大脑训练可以像通常认为的 那样保持或加强人们的整体智能。可推知，研究人员认为大脑训练没有人们通常认为的那样有效。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12.5分）【文章大意】人们总想知道未来会是什么样子的，其实要想展望未来，必须了解过去。不管世界如何变化，人 们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和被爱的感觉等不会改变，未来的虚拟世界也不会代替真实的世界。但 是可以预知，未来五十年里，世界将从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会，人们的生活会更好。36 .【解析】选D。根据空处下文可知，在过去的150年里，世界发生了巨大的变化；结合空前一句可推知, 空处承上启下，说明我们想要展望未来，就要了解过去，故D项符合语境。37 .【解析】选A。根据空前一句可知，在过去的150年里，人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和被爱 的感觉没有变化，结合空后的“No”可知，空处应是一个一般疑问句，并与空前一句讲人的基本需求相呼应， 故A项符合语境。38 .【解析】选G。根据该段第二句可知，该段主要讲的是预知未来的两个原因，空前一句讲的是第一个原 因，即需要思考自己想要并传递给下一代的未来是什么样的，据此可知，空处陈述第二个原因，即需要知道 做出怎样的决定才能给未来带来最好的结果，故G项正确。其中G项中的“Then we need to”与空前一句中的 “First, we need to”相呼应。39 .【解析】选F。根据空后一句可知，即使一项重大发明的价格我们可以承受，但是虚拟体验绝不会代替 真实体验，结合空处上文可推知,F项符合语境，衔接上下文。40 .【解析】选B。根据空处下文可知，该段介绍了对未来五十年的展望：从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社 会；未来的生活更好。故B项符合语境。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我和爸爸的一次公路探险让我终生难忘每当生活中遇到困难时, 它总会提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边，给我战胜困难的希望和勇气。41 .【解析】选C。designed设计；destroyed破坏；abandoned遗弃，废弃；locked锁住。根据空后的"My dad loves history.可知，因为爸爸喜欢历史，我们才去探险，因此这条收费公路应该是废弃了几十年，故 选C。42 .【解析】选C。根据上文可知，我爸爸喜欢历史，因此，爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路！ however 然而；otherwise否则；therefore因此；meanwhile同时。根据句意可知前后是因果关系，此处表示结果，故 选C。43 .【解析】选A。explore探索；construct建造；protect保护；repair修理。上文提到爸爸喜欢历史，再 结合下文我们在这条公路上的经历可知，爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路，故选A。44 .【解析】选B。tunnel隧道；section部分，路段；block街区；course过程。空后一句说该路段包括一 条超过一英里长的、名为Sideling Hill的老隧道，此处指“一个16英里长的路段”，故选B。45 .【解析】选D。participate参与；register登记；cooperate合作；prepare准备。我们检查了车胎，并确 保车灯里装了电池，这些都是公路探险前的准备工作，故选D。46 .【解析】选B。excited兴奋的；nervous紧张的；annoyed生气的；exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据后文 隧道里面一片漆黑可知，我非常紧张，故选B。47.【解析】选C。silent安静的；curious好奇的；cautious谨慎的；positive积极的。上文提到隧道里一 片漆黑，因此爸爸提醒我要保持小心谨慎，故选C。48【解析】选D。approached靠近；observed观察；constructed建造；entered进入。根据上文中的“we approached the tunnel”可知此处发生在“接近隧道”之后，是说我们进入了隧道，故选D。49【解析】选A。covered覆盖；buried埋葬；absorbed吸收；dressed穿衣。根据空后的“graffiti”可知，我 发现墙壁被涂鸦所覆盖（墙上满是涂鸦），故选A。50 .【解析】选B。forced强迫；watched注视；abused虐待；judged审判。根据常识可知，涂鸦多是表情 夸张或面目狰狞的人物画像，因此我感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着，故选B。51 .【解析】选D。dependon依靠；survive on靠活下来;callon号召；focus on集中精力于。根据空后的“on following Dad helped me relax”可知，集中精力跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来，故选Do52 .【解析】选B。accidents事故；hardships艰难困苦；regulations条例；incidents事件。由后文可知，这 次旅行提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边，他点亮了我心中的希望之光，也给了我勇气，让我继续穿过生命的黑暗 隧道，此处用隧道比喻生活中的困难，说的是每当生活中遇到困难时，我都会想起这次旅行，故选B。53 .【解析】选D。根据空前的“the light of hope”可知此处是指“心中的希望之光' 故选D。54 .【解析】选A。courage勇气；pride自豪；excitement兴奋；enthusiasm热情。根据上文中的“But Dad encouraged me. ”可知，在我紧张害怕时, 爸爸鼓励我，因此此处是指“给我勇气”，故选A。55 .【解析】选C。根据上文中的“it was absolutely black inside! ”可知，隧道里面一片漆黑，因此此处是指“生 活中的黑暗隧道“，故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题L 5分，满分15分）【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了景德镇陶器的生产及地理位置产品等信息。56 .【解析】centuries。考查名词的单复数。根据句意，景德镇已经在数个世纪以前就开始生产陶器了，可以 得知此处应该填复数centurieso故填centurieso57 .【解析】which/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可以得知句子主干是the town became a major kiln site around 1004.这个小镇大约在公元1004年成为一间主窑的。那么the town指物，作先行词在定语从句中作 主语，后接which/that引导的限制性定语从句，故填which或者that。58 .【解析】productiono考查词性转换。句意：在此期间，这个地区的陶器产品开始变得知名起来。此处陶 器是一种手工艺品，是一种产品。由the限定名词，produce名词形式productiono故填productiono59 .【解析】known。考查过去分词作表语。此处是“变得被知道，变得知名起来”的意思，故使用know的 过去分词形式作became的表语。故填knowno60 .【解析】were controlled。考查被动语态。句意：被皇帝控制的官窑生产大量的优质陶器给皇帝当礼物送 到国外。control意为“控制”，而官窑被此处的皇帝控制，主语official kilns为复数，故填were controlled。61 .【解析】closely。考查副词修饰动词作状语。句意：结果，这个小镇与世界紧密相连。close意思为“紧密 的，靠近的“，修饰动词时要用副词作状语。故填closely。62 .【解析】ao考查不定冠词。river开头是辅音音素，故填a。63 .【解析】benefiting。考查现在分词作状语。句意：它还有一条自北向南流的河，有利于运输易碎的物品。 主语和动词benefit是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，用其-ing形式表达。故填benefiting。64 .【解析】valuable。考查形容词。句意：景德镇生产各种各样珍贵的陶器产品。此处用形容词作定语修饰 名词 porcelain o 故填 valuableo65 .【解析】as<>考查介词。句意：结果，景德镇因为瓷器之都而出名。”作为出名”是be famous as,故填aso第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分） 【参考范文】A Scientific LectureLast Saturday a Scientific Lecture, part of the Science Festival of our school, was given by Professor Wang of Physics from Tsinghua University.The lecture, which took place in the school hall, lasted three hours from 7: 00 p. m. to 10: 00 p. m. All the students of Grade One attended it. Professor Wang enabled us to have a deep understanding of the mysteries of universe exploration in a popular and simple way. Additionally, he told us some inspiring stories publicly unknown about the winners of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics.The lecture which received high praise and warm response turned out to be a great success. Students benefited a lot, saying it not only enriched their school life but aroused their keen interest in science. 第二节（满分25分）【参考范文】The officer walked back to his car and Chelsea drove on. This was the second time that excuse had worked for her. She had one more thing to do before she got home. She had to mail a package. She got to the mini-mall at 7 p. m. No parking was available, except for the handicapped space. Chelsea whipped right into it. She would only be a minute, she told herself. All she had to do was run into the mailbox store, get the package weighed, and pay the clerk.There was no line in the store. Everything was done so quickly that she was whistling while she walked back out to her car. Then she stopped whistling. There was a ticket on the car window. She tore it down slowly. She knew what it was, but not how much it was. When she saw the amount, she screamed in regret.Paris's bike-sharing is the star of the world. Launched in 2007, it is the world's largest outside of China. Cheap by American standards, you can ride around Paris on a t 1. 7 day pass-the first half hour of each trip is free. Because this system covers the city with an average of 50 stations per square mile, it's a favourite with both locals and tourists.21. What do we know about Barcelona's Bicycling Program?A. It has driven the development of Spain's bike-sharing.B. It has once been ruined by fire accidents.C. It is popular among travellers.D. It consists of 175, 000 bikes.22. How much should you pay to ride a shared bike in Paris?A. Nothing for an hour.B. $61. 93 per year.C. $2. 26 per day.D. $1. 7 per day.23. What do the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System and Paris's bike sharing have in common?A. They are open to both locals and tourists.B. The have the same amount of stations.C. They were founded in the same year.D. They require a deposit of over $30.BOur human ancestors may have been sophisticated（老练的）tool users 1.76 million years ago.Newly discovered hand axes from that period are the oldest examples of the complex Acheulean culture, 350, 000 years older than the previous record holders. These ancient tools could affect what we know about humanity's departure from Africa."Anthropologists consider the Acheulean hand axes to be the culture of our ancestor Homo erectus, and we know Homo erectus first evolved around 1. 8 or 2 million years ago, “study researcher Christopher Lepre of Columbia University said. “I think most researchers were anticipating that older stone axes would be found. And now they've found them.Multiple examples of these Acheulean hand axes, which were made from chipped volcanic rock from a nearby stream, were found at a site on the shore of Lake Turkana in Kenya. The excavation team, led by HeleneRoche from the Universite de Paris in France, surveyed five sites in the area and found tools from an older culture of tool use, the Oldowan culture, with varying degrees of sophistication.The Oldowan tools that the researchers discovered were crude stone flakes, sharpened to the edge. The Acheulean hand axes, on the other hand, have a defined teardrop or oval shape. Lepre said this indicates that Homo erectus had the ability to conceptualize the size and shape of the tool in their minds, and then reproduce it out of stone.The axe blades were held in the hand and were probably used to butcher zebras or giraffes, to break bones and scrape hides, or as digging tools to reach vegetables such as potatoes.The study appears in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.24. According to the new discovery, our ancestors used tools years earlier than the previous record holders.A. 1. 76 million B. 2 millionC. 350 thousand D. 167 thousand25. The Acheulean hand axes discovered were made from .A. volcanic rock from KenyaB. big stones from FranceC. bronze made in AmericaD. crude stone flakes from Africa26. The underlined word "this" in the fifth paragraph refers to .A. the Acheulean hand axesB. the stone axes sharpened to the edgeC. the Oldowan tools made from crude stone flakesD. the defined teardrop or oval shape of the Acheulean hand axes27. The text is most likely to be found in a book about .A. nature scienceB. historical eventsC. successful people D. political systemsCQue Liu and his wife Si En spend their mornings picking Pu'er leaves in a forest not far from their village