（牛津译林版）英语九年级上册Unit 3 知识梳理.docx

Unit 3 Teenage problems 知识梳理5知识点一词组、短语归纳Welcome to the unit1. get enough sleep2. be on3. drive sb mad = make sb mad4. close friends5. feel lonelylive alone6. get low marks in exams得到足够的睡眠（灯、电视等）开着、亮着，上演把某人逼疯（go mad发疯）亲密的朋友感到孤独（主观）独自居住（客观）在考试中得低分Reading怎样处理除了做某事别无选择熬夜保持清醒（作表语、宾语补足语）想象、设想做某事7. how . deal with.=what. do with.8. have no choice but to do sth9. stay up (late)10. stay awake11. imagine (sb) doing sth12. I often doubt whether / if it is worth spending so much time on homework(doubt 在肯定句中接 if / whether引导的从句）There is no doubt that you can solve the problem by yourself (doubt 在否定句中接 that 引导的从句)13. be (well) worth (doing) sth(很)值得做某事The Summer Palace is worth a visit颐和园值得一游The picture is worth 20 dollars这张图片至少值二十美元The book is well worth reading /It's well worth reading the book.这本书很值得一读。14. so that以便，为了（引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词）so + adj /adv + that如此以至于（引导结果状语从句）15. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.为某人提供某物他列了 一张他们的信里的关键词的列表。解析：list是可数名词，意为“清单”,make a list of意为“列一个的清单例： You should make a list of the things you want to buy.你应该把你想要买的东西列个清单。17. It seems that you spend a lot of time playing football.你好像花费很多时间踢足球。解析：seem是连系动词，意为“似乎，好像，看起来It seems that.意为“好像/似乎”，相当于seem to do stho 例：It seems that she knows it. = She seems to know it.她好像知道这件事。拓展：(1) seem做系动词后面可接形容词做表语，意为“好像”。例：He didn't seem very sure.他好像并不十分确定。seem也可用于There be句型中。例：There seems to be trouble soon.好像不久就会有麻烦。18. Daniel does not know whom he should talk to.丹尼尔不知道他应该和谁谈。解析：whom意为“谁(宾格广，对宾语提问，可用who代替。例：Whom/ Who are you witing for ?你在等谁?注意：对宾语提问时可用who替提whom,但对主语提问时，不可用whom替换who。19.1 need silence when I'm studying.当我学习时我需要安静。解析：silence n.安静，寂静；沉默。例： Your silence on recent events surprises me.你对最近事件的沉默使我惊讶。固定搭配：in silence默默地。拓展：silent adj .沉默的,寡言的；keep silent保持沉默。例： You'd better be silent about what happened.对发生的事，你最好保持沉默。辨析：silent, quiet, calmsilent主要用于人，表示“沉默的，不出声的”，但不一定没有活动。quiet强调“安静”，指”安静的，宁静的“，没有干扰活动。calm强调“镇静的，平静的”，主要指人“沉着镇静”，指大自然“无风无浪”。一言辨异： He is a man of silence and he spent a quiet night again.他是一个沉默的人，又度过了一个安静的夜晚。20. Where can we buy a good dictionary?我们在哪能买到一本好字典？解析：dictionary意为"字典，词典”，是可数名词，其复数形式为dictionaries。例：I want to buy a new dictionary.我想买一本新词典。Here's an English-Chinese dictionary.这儿有一本英汉词典。21. Soon they got his replies,很快他们就收到了他的回复。解析：r叩ly是可数名词，意为“答复，回答”。例：I shouted "Hello"，but there was no reply.我喊了一声“你好、但是没人回答。固定搭配：in reply (to)意为“答复”。拓展：reply vi.答复，回答。例：I wrote to him last week, but he hasn't replied.我上个星期给他写了信，但他没有回信。Have you replied to their invitation?你已经回复他们的邀请了吗？She replied that it was impossible.她回答说那是不可能的。辨析： answer, replyanswer用法很广，可指口说或笔写的“回答”；reply较正式，指经过思考后详细的“回答，答复”。一言辨异：The reply is not an answer.答复不是回答。22, cannot run fast and hates swimming ,不能跑得很快，讨厌游泳。解析：hate sth做及物动词时，意为“讨厌，不喜欢，憎恨”，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等。hate doing sth不喜欢做某事，表示习惯性的行为；hate to do sth则表示特定的具体行为。例： My mother hates travelling by plane.我的母亲不喜欢乘飞机旅行。I hate to trouble you.我不喜欢麻烦你。辨析：hate, dislikehate表示“憎恨，怨恨”，含有强烈的感情色彩dislike没有hate那种强烈的情感，只是不喜欢而已。一言辨异：I dislike leaving it to him； that means I hate to leave it to him.我不喜欢把这件事交给他办，那意思是说我对把这件事交给他办很反感。23， classmates laugh at her and call her a bookworm.，同学们嘲笑她并叫她书虫。解析：laugh在这里做不及物动词，意为“笑，嘲笑”。例：例laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。拓展：laugh n.笑，笑声，是可数名词。彳列： At first she was silent, then she gave a nervous laugh.她一开始默不作声，然后神经质地笑了一声。固定搭配：含laugh的短语laugh at sb嘲笑某人 langh over因而发笑laugh to sb 对某人大笑langh oneself to death 笑得要死一言辨异：He smiled at me,and laughed at my jokes.他对我微笑，听了我的笑话哈哈大笑起来。24. Tve made little progress in my English,Millie.我在英语上没有取得一点进步,米莉。解析：progress意为“进展，进步”，是不可数名词。例：To know oneself is progress. 人贵有自知之明。固定搭配：make progress取得进步。拓展：progress vi.进展，前进。例：The year is progressing.光阴似箭。25. Perhaps you should go over what you*ve learnt as often as possible.或许你应该尽可能经常地复习你所学的内容。解析：as often as possible意为“尽可能经常地“，相当于as often as you can/could.两个as之间用形容词或副词 的原级。例： You should go to see your parents as often as possible.你应该尽可能经常地去看望你的父母。拓展：(1) as soon as意为“一就"，引导时间状语从句。例：Hell call you as soon as he arrives there.他到那儿就会给你打电话。as soon as you can意为“尽可能快地，尽快”，指时间上尽快，相当于as soon as possile； as quickly as you can/as quickly as possible,意为“尽可能快地，尽快”，指速度上尽快；as much as you can/as much as possible,意为“尽可能多地“；as early as you can/as early as possible,意为“尽可能早地例：If you want to improve your spoken English, you must speak English as much as you can.如果你想提高英语口语，你必须尽可能多地说英语。My mother always gets up as early as possible every day.我妈妈每天总是尽可能早地起床。26. What else?其他的呢？解析：else意为“其他的，别的“，有以下几种用法：(1) else 放在 somewhere, anywhere, nowhere 等之后，做后置定语。例：We can't get it anywhere else.别的地方我们弄不到它。(2) else 放在疑问代词 what, who 以及不定代词 somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing 等之后，意为“还例：Who else is coming?还有别人来吗？Is there anything else I can do for you?还有什么事我能为你做吗？(3) else放在疑问副词where,when等之后，意为“别的什么地方/别的什么时候工例：When else can this be arranged?还可以在另外什么时间安排这件事吗？(4) else放在who以及somebody, anybody, nobody等之后时，可以用所有格形式else's。例：Who eise's pen can this be?这还会是谁的钢笔呢？辨析：else, otherelse和other均可意为“另外（的），其他（的）"，但用法不同。else只用于修饰不定代词、疑问代词及疑问副词， 且必须后置；而。ther只用于修饰名词，且置于名词之前。一言辨异： The other boy asked where else she went.另一个男孩问她还去过别的什么地方。27. It helps us understand what kinds of books or articles we are reading, and where we might Hnd information.它帮助我们理解我们读的是哪类书或文章，以及我们可以在哪里找到信息。解析:kind做可数名词，意为“种类，类型kind of意为“一种"all kinds of意为“各种各样的.different kinds of意为“不同种类的”例：This is a new kind of machine, 这是一种新型机器。There are many different kinds of shoes in the shoe shop.那家鞋店里有许多不同种类的鞋子。拓展：kind做形容词，意为“亲切的，和善的，友好的。”例：It was very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好 了。Our English teacher is always kind to us.我们的英语老师总是对我们很亲切。28. There is an article calleduThe trouble with teenagers95.有一篇文章叫青少年的烦恼。解析：trouble是不可数名词，意为“忧虑，苦恼，麻烦；困难；疾病”。例：Is the boy much trouble?这个男孩很烦人吗？Nothing is ever too much trouble for him.他从不把麻烦当回事。拓展：trouble做动词,意为“麻烦，打扰;使烦恼”。例：May I trouble you to pass the books,please? 麻烦你把书递给我，好吗？Never trouble trouble, until trouble troubles you,别自寻烦恼。固定搭配：含trouble的短语：trouble sb to do sth麻烦某人做某事in trouble在困难中，处于困境中 fish in trouble water浑水摸鱼have trouble with sth/（in） doing sth 做某事有困难ask/look for trouble 自寻烦恼get（sb ）into trouble使（某人）陷入困境29. To get a general idea of a book or an article 9 we should ask some basic questions.为 了获得一本书或一篇文章的主要内容，我们应该问一些基础问题。解析：句中“To get a general idea of a book or an article”是动词不定式短语做目的状语。例： To catch the early bus,I got up very early this morning.为了赶上早班车，今天早上我起得很早。I went to the railway station to meet my friend last night.昨天晚上我去火车站接朋友了。30. When did it happen?它是什么时候发生的？解析：happen是不及物动词，意为“（偶然）发生"sth happen to sb意为“某人发生某事”。例：Did you hear what happened to him last night?你听说他昨天晚上发生了什么事吗？拓展：happen to do sth意为“碰巧做某事”。例：We happened to meet him at the library.我们在图书馆碰巧遇见了他。辨析：happen, take placehappen指事情的发生往往带有“偶然”或"意想不到'的意思，通常以物做主语take place多指“有计划地或安排好地发生或举行“，它的主语只能是事物，没有“偶然” 的意味。一言辨异：That happened two years ago and after that some changes have taken place there.那件事发生在两年前，之后那里发生了一些变化。31. She is shy and quiet, and she has no new friends at school.她很害羞而且很安静，她在学校没有新朋友。解析：quiet是形容词，意为“安静的，平静的”；其反义词是noisy,意为“吵闹的”。例：Be quiet, please.请安静。My grandparents live in a quiet village.我的爷爷奶奶住在一个安静的村庄里。拓展：quietly adv.安静地，平静地。例：He sat quietly at the back of the room. 他安静地坐在房间的后面。32. Thank you very much for telling me about your problems.非常感谢你告诉我你的问题。解析：Thank you for （doing） sth意为“因（做）某事而感谢你”,相当于Thanks for （doing） sth.,介词for后接名 词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。例：Thank you for helping me cairy the box.谢谢你帮我抬箱子。拓展：thanks to是介词短语意为“幸亏，由于"，相当于because of,例： Thanks to you, T passed the English exam this time.多亏了你，我这次英语考试及格了。33. You are unhappy with your weight, but you do not know how to change it.你因为体重不开心，但是你不知道怎样改变它。解析：weight意为“重量”，是不可数名词。例：My weight is 50 kilos.我的体重是50千克。拓展:weigh vt.称的重量；vi.重（若干）。例：Do you often weigh yourself?你常称体重吗？How much do you weigh ? 你有多重？34.1 hope you think my advice is worth taking.我希望你认为我的建议值得采纳。解析：advice 是不可数名词，意为“建议，忠告“，可用 some, much, a lot of, a little, a piece of/ pieces of 等修饰；若要说明是某方面的建议时，advice后要接介词on,例：Let me give you a piece of advice. 让我给你一个忠告。拓展：advise vt.建议，忠告； advise sb to do sth建议（劝告）某人做某事advise sb against doing sth劝告某人不要做某事；advise doing sth建议做某事。例：I often advise my father to give up smoking.我经常劝我爸爸戒烟。He often advises people to use their brains.他经常劝人多动脑。19. hear from sb.（短暂性动作）=get/receive a letter from sb.（短暂性动作）=have a letter from sb.（延续性动作）20. be crazy about.21. my love of football22. the cause of .23. get into trouble24. allow sb to do sth25. be strict with sbbe strict in sth26. develop our hobbies27. stay out late28. achieve a balance29. valuable advice30. make a list of.31. work out32. according to33. my advice is worth taking34. take /follow one*s advice35. It seems/seemed that36. It is better for you to go home earlier37. = You'd better go home earlier38. forget about sth.Grammar and Integrated Skills and Study Skills39. need /keep silence40. need someone to share my worries16. provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb为某人提供某物17. offer sb some suggestions/ advice= offer some suggestions to me18. offer to do sth主动提出做某事收到某人来信对.很着迷我对足球的热爱的原因陷入麻烦允许某人做某事对某人要求严格对某事要求严格培养我们的爱好呆在外面很晚获得平衡宝贵的建议（adj只能修饰物，不能修饰人,value ,n价值）列一个.清单算出,解决，制定出.（代词放中间）根据（介词短语），据所说我的建议值得采纳接受/采纳某人的建议似乎，好像你最好早点回家忘记有关的事需要安静/保持安静（silence ,nsilent adj寂静的）需要有人分担我的忧愁解决问题寻求帮助青少年工作者感谢你的回复回复我的信（只能用answer）嘲笑取得进步（不可数名词）叫她书虫（在方面）取得进步复习，回顾尽可能经常地大声朗读英语准确地发所有单词的音（v）学习正确的发音（n）不客气（不）注意某人把担忧留给自己对不满意我们这个年龄的许多学生太在意你的分数41. solve the problem42. ask for help43. youth worker44. thank you for your reply (n)45. reply to my letter (v)=answer my letteranswer the door / the telephone46. laugh at47. make progress48. all her bookworm49. make progress( in)50. go over51. as often as possible52. read English aloud53. pronounce all the words correctly54. learn correct pronunciation55. Don't mention itTask56. pay (no) attention to sb57. keep your worries to yourself58. be unhappy with59. many students of our age60. care too much about your marksJ 知识点二重点句子61. What's wrongs Eddie?怎么了，埃迪？62. Perhaps you should manage your time better and go to bed earlier.或许你应该更好地安排你的时间，早点睡觉。63. I have a problem, and I do not know how I should deal with it,我有一个问题，而且我不知道如何去解决它。64. I have a lot of homework every day, and I have no choice but to do it.我每天都有许多家庭作业，除 了做这些 作业我别无选择。65. However, I hardly have any spare time for my hobbies like volleyball and music.然而，我几乎没有空闲的时 间花在我的爱好上，比如排球和音乐。66. I often doubt whether it is worth spending so much time on homework.我经常怀疑是否值得花那么多时间 在家庭作业上。67. Can you offer me some suggestions?你能给我提供一些建议吗？68. I do not understand why they are so strict with me.我真不明白他们为什么对我如此严格。69. I wonder how T can achieve a balance between my schoolwork and my hobbies.70. 我想知道我怎么能够在我的课业和爱好之间取得平衡。71. Then work out how much time you need to finish it all.然后算出你需要多少时间全部完成它。72. I need someone to share my worries with 我需要有人分担我的忧愁。73. Mr. Friend says that youth workers help young people solve their problems,弗兰德先生说青少年工作者帮助 年轻人解决问题。74. Fve made little progress in my English, Millie,米莉,我在英语方面没有取得什么进步。75. Many students of our age have this problem.我们这个年龄的许多学生有这个烦恼。7 知识点三重点语法连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句1、用连接代词或连接副词引导宾语从句，此时从句部分的语义相当于一个特殊疑问句。如：We don't know whose pencil this is.我们不知道这支铅笔是谁的。Nobody knows when the train will arrive.没人知道火车什么时候会到。常见的连接代词有:what> who> whom whose> which;连接副词有：when> where> how> why.2、连接代词和连接副词有词义，并且在从句中充当句子成分。如：Can you tell us what they are doing ?你能 告诉我们他们在做什么吗？（what在从句中作宾语，意思是“什么”）3、宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。如：She wants to know why that little hoy is crying.她想知道那个小男孩为什么哭。4、宾语从句的连接代词who与whom都指认，意思是“谁"。其中who是主格，在从句中作主语；whom为宾格，在从句中作宾语。如：I don't know who is playing the piano next door.我不知道谁在隔壁弹钢琴。Can you guess whom/who my father is talking with ?你能猜一猜我爸爸正在和谁谈话吗？注意：whom在口语中很少使用。大多数情况下，我们可以用who代替whom.5、含有宾语从句的复合句的标点由主句决定。Can you tell me which bus I should take ?I am not sure if/whether the bag is big enough .知识点四重点知识1. Hobo, I have a problem.霍波，我有一个问题。解析：problem是可数名词，意为“难题，问题”。拓展：(1) have some problems with sth意为“在某方面有些困难/问题”，相当于have some problems (in) doing stho例：I have some problems with listening.我在听力方面有些困难。No problem.没问题，没关系。辨析：problem, questionproblem所指的问题总是与困难联系着，表不“有待于解决的问题“cquestion所指的问题总是和疑问联系着，表示“有待回答的问题”,它常与ask,answer连用。一言辨异：The question is how to solve the Maths problem.问题是如何解出这道教学难题。2. rm getting fat. 我正在变胖。解析：get做系动词，意为“变得”。例：It is getting colder and colder.天变得越来越冷 了。拓展：系动词除be以外，还有感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等，及三个“变BP get, turn, become.例：She looks worried.她看起来很焦虑。3. Why not eat less and exercise more?为什么不少吃多锻炼呢？解析：Why not意为“为什么不”，相当于"Why don】 you"，常用来提出建议，后接动词原形。例：Why not go out for a walk?为何不出去散散步呢？4. Til flnish the food for you then.那么我会替你吃完这些食物。解析：finish做及物动词，意为“完成”，后接名词、代词或动名词。例： You must finish your homework first.你必须先完成家庭作业。辨析：finisth, endfinish指做完某事或完成某一动作，其后可接名词或动名词做宾语； end侧重到此结束，多指某活动或战争 等结束。仞U ：We often finish our homework at home.我们经常在家里完成作业。The World War I ended in 1945.第二次世界大战于1945年结束。5. The TV is always on at my home.我家电视总是开着。解析：beon意为“开着的，准备好的”，on是副词，意为“在进行着，处于工作状态中”，常指电灯、电视等 电器开着。其反义词组是be off。例：The light is always on at night.晚上灯总是开着。固定搭配：from now on从现在起；go on with继续；on one*s way to在某人去的路上；on fire着火；on foot步行；on show在展览；on sale出售；on duty值日；on business为了公事（出差）；on time 准时。6. Sometimes I feel lonely.有时我感觉孤独。解析：lonely是形容词，意为“孤单的；寂寞的；偏僻的”。仞！ ： The old wouman felt lonelier without her husband.没有了丈夫，这位老太太感到更加孤独了。辨析：lonely, alonelonely是形容词，意为“寂寞的，偏僻的”，可做定语和表语，常带有浓厚的感情色彩。alone可用做形容词或副词，指“孤独无伴”的客观情况，不含感情色彩。一言辨异： My grandpa lives alone in my hometown but he doesn't feel lonely.我爷爷独自居住在我的家乡，但他并不感到寂寞。7. Sometimes I get low marks in exams.有时候我考试的分数很低。解析：mark是可数名词，意为“分数工例： Amy got a good mark for her English test.埃米的英语测试得了个好成绩。拓展：mark做可数名词，还可意为“污点，斑点”；做动词，意为“标记，做标记”。例： The dogs are always rubbing against the wall and making dirty marks.这些狗总是往墙上蹭，留下了点点污斑。Can you mark your house on this map?你能在这张地图上标出你的房子（的位置）吗？7.1 have a problem, and I do not know how I should deal with it.我有一个难题，而且我不知道应该怎样处理它。解析：deal是不及物动词，意为“处理:deal with意为“处理应付工仞！ ： Can you tell me how to deal with it ?你能告诉我如何处理它吗？辨析：deal with, do withdeal with意为“处置，处理二 常与疑问词how连用；do with也意为“处置，处理”。常与疑问词what连用。9.1 often have to stay up late.我不得不经常熬夜到很晚。解析：stay up意为“不睡觉，熬夜”。例：I stayed up late last night.我昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。拓展：含stay的短语：stay u