Unit5语法知识清单 人教版英语八年级上册+.docx
动词不定式 概述：动词不定式是一种 形式。其中2不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号。 基本结构：否定结构： 特点：没有人称和数的变化 有时态和语态的变化可以有自己的状语和宾语动词不定式在句中可作主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、宾语补足语一、作主语1 .不定式直接作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.学会一门外语并不容易。2 . it作形式主语，不定式（短语）作真正的主语=It's not easy to learn a foreign language.二、作表语The important thing is to finish the work on time.重要的是按时完成工作。三、作定语：置于I have a lot of things to do in my spare time.在业余时间我有许多事情要做。四、作状语（可表目的、结果、原因）To catch the train, we have to get up early.为了赶火车，我们不得不早起。五、作宾语1 .动词 + to do sth.拒绝、选择和同意(refuse, choose, agree )期望、决定和学习(expect, decide, learn )宁可、假装和计划(prefer, pretend, plan )希望、想要和愿意(wish/hope, want, would like )需要need,失败fail,要求ask,似乎seem,支付afford设法 manage, 答应 promise2 .疑问词+todosth.decide, know, ask, tell, teach, guess, show, remember, forget, find out等后接“特殊疑问词+不定式”作宾语。常见的疑问代词有 who, whom, what, which, whose,常见的疑问副词有when, where,howo3. iip+be+happy/glad/pleased,sorry,careful,ready+to do E.g. I am glad to see you again.4. like/love, begin/start等动词后既可以接动词不定式， 也可接动名词形式，意义上差别不大5. ufind/think/feel/believe/consider +it+adj.+动词不定式” 结构，其中让是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语 E.g. I find it difficult to learn English.【拓展】-stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事.stop doing sth.停下做某事. forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（事情未做）. forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（事情已做）remember to do sth.记得去做某事（事情未做）.remember doing sth.记得做过某事（事情已做）, try to do sth.尽力做某事.try doing sth.尝试做某事,mean to do sth.打算做某事.mean doing sth.意味着做某事六、作宾语补足语1.动词+sb.+to do sth.要求 ask,希望 wish,want,tell, like,teach邀请 invite,建议 advise,允许 allow,命令 order鼓励 encourage,告诫 warn,允许 permit,请求 beg说服 persuade,强迫 force,要求 require2.感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的动词作宾语补足语一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(let, make, have)四看 (see, watch, notice, observe)半帮助（help,即在help后to可带可不带）询问对某人或某物的看法：l.How do you like. ?=How do you feel about.?=What do you think of ?你感觉怎么样？2 .What's your favorite . ?你最喜欢的是什么？3 .What kind of. do you like?你喜欢哪种?4 .What/How about.?怎么样？表达对某人或某物的看法：1 .表达喜欢、赞同：like, love2 .表达中间态度：don't/doesn't mind （不介意）3 .表达不喜欢、不赞同： don't /doesn't likecan,t stand （不能忍受）become变得,变成比get正式，一般指身份、职位的变化,；作瞬间动词时，指状态的变化。get变得，变成后多接比较级，指人的感情、身体状况、自然或社会的变化Her health is getting better.她的健康正在好转。turn转变，变指颜色或性质的变化。The trees turn green.树变绿了。go变化表示因某种原因进入不好的状态。go bad变坏 go wrong出故障 go mad发疯了grow生长，发育侧重变化过程，表示“渐渐地变为”，多指生长性变化happen：指具体客观事件发生，有偶然性，未能预见 vi.发生二go on某时/某地发生了什么An accident happened on Park Street.帕克街上发生了一起事故。某人出了某事（不好的事情）A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday. 昨天他哥哥发生了一起交通事故。v.碰巧某人碰巧做I happened to see my uncle on the street.我碰巧在街上遇到 了我叔叔。碰巧It happened that I saw my uncle on the street.碰巧我在街上遇到了 我叔叔。take place：指根据安排或计划而发生的事，有事先预料或准备的意思Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
