初中英语语法学习知识点归纳之反义疑问句.docx
句,用will you多表示“请求”,用wontyou多表示提醒对方注意。例如:Look at the blackboard, will you/ wont you?看黑板,好吗?Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:1) Let's后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如: Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we?回家吧,好吗?还可以用mayl来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2) Let us/me后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如: Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?2 .感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的 一般现在时态的否定形式。例如:What fine weather, isn't it?多好的天气啊,是吧?3 .当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实 义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如:He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助,是吗?4 .陈述部分主、谓语是1am时,反意疑问句用aren't I或am't I, 而不是am not I (可用a m I not)o例如:I'm working now, am't I?我在工作,是吗?5 . 陈述部分的主语是 everything, nothing, anything 或 something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词ito例如:Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it?我的收音机出毛病了,是 吧?6 . 陈述部分的 主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody,no one, none, neither时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如:Everyone is here, aren't they?大家都到了,是吗?No one knows about it, do they?没有人知道这件事,对吗?7 .陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语 用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如:This is a plane, isn't it?这是一架飞机,是吗?These are grapes, aren't they?这些是葡萄,是吗?8 .陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用 one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one?每个人者B应该乐 于助人,是吧?9 .当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little,seldom, hardly, never, not,no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither 等,其反意疑问句需用 肯定结构。例如:He is never late for school, is he?他上学从不迟到,是吗?10 .当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的 反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:It is unfair, isn't it?这不公平,是吧?11 .含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句 用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:You got nothing from him, did you?你从他那儿什么也没得到,是 吗?12 .当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反 意疑问句的主语应该用ito例如:What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要, 是吧?13 .当陈述部分含 I think (believe, suppose.)that.结构时,其反意 疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:I don't think he will come, will he?我认为他不会来,对吗?14 .have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意 疑问句的助动词要用do, does, dido例如:They had a meeting just now, didn't they?他们刚才开了个会,是 吗?15 .陈述部分有have to时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。 例如:You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天者B要 浇菜,对吧?16 .陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:There was a hospital here, wasn't there?过去这儿有家医院,是 吗?17 .陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如:We had better go to school at once, hadn't we?我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?18 .当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或neednt而当 must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相 应的形式。例如:He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?他必须努力学物理,是 吧?Tom must be at home, isn't he?汤姆一定在家,是吧?反意疑问句的回答:前肯后否,前否后肯,根据事实从后往前翻译。如:(1) They work hard,donJ t they?他们努力工作,不是吗?Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.不,他们工作不努 力(2) They don7 t work hard, do they?他们不太努力工作,是吗?Yes, they do.不,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.是的,他们工 作不努力否定反义疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会 造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:"lt, snewjsn, t it?" "Yes, it is." "是新的,不是吗? ” “是,是新的。”"He wants to go, doesn, t he?" "No, he doesn, t.""他想去,不 是吗? ” “不,他不想去。”此时,“Yes”即是,对前面“It's new."的肯定。回答反义疑问句的原则回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你 You are asleep, aren't you?你应回答 No, I'm not.因 为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你You aren' t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对 吗),你也只能回答No, I' mnot.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为 Yes, I' m not.也不能回答成 Yes, I am.“It is a beautiful flower, isn't it? ” "It isn't a beautiful flower, is it?''上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes, itisJ否定为“No, it isn't."由上述例子可知,反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定 与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用no, 无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。口诀:反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。前后肯否恰相反,否定词缀不能算。主谓时态要一致,特殊情况记心田。实际情况来回答,再把yes和no拣。综上所述,反义疑问句回答就是按实际情况回答。对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的, 就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。例:一He likes playing football, doesnJ t he?他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.是的。/ 不是。一His sister didn, t attend the meeting, did she?他妹妹没有参加 会议,是吗?一Yes, she did. / No, she didn' t.不,她参加 了。/ 是的,她没参 加。快速记忆表:陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分1/主语aren't I / are Ino,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little 等否定含 义的词肯定含义含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,视为肯定 含义否定含义ought to (肯定的) shouldn't/oughtrTt + 主语have to+v.(had to+v.)don't + 主语(didn't + 主语)used to+v. didn't + 主语或 usedn't+主语had better + v. hadn't youwould rather + v. wouldn't + 主语you'd like to + v. wouldn't + 主语must根据实际情况而定感叹句be+主语指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this主语用it并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句,宾语从句主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine 等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one复数 they, 单数 he情态动词 dare 或 need need/needn't (dare/daren't) + 主语dare, need为实义动词do/don't+主语省去主语的祈使句will/won't you?Let's开头的祈使句 Shall we?Let us开头的祈使句 Will you?there be相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式.