新概念英语第三册Lesson14笔记.docx

Lesson 14贵族歹徒There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for protection.1 曾经有一个时期，芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱 给歹徒以换取保护If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.如果交款不及时，歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店，让他破产.Obtaining protection money1 is not a modern crime.榨取保护金'并不是一种现代的罪恶行径.As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery早在14世纪，英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现：that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.人们情愿拿出大笔的钱,也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手.Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.600年前，约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利，在佛罗伦萨附 近驻扎下来，He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians- -He would prefer dying to surrendering.would rather（sooner） + that宾语从句（过去式）-虚拟语气- I would rather that you were not here.我宁愿你不在这。（暗含：实 际你在这）- -1 would rather that I didn't see you.- -He would rather that he didn't hear the news.life work 毕生的事业 / have sth doneSix hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.settled near Florence 定居在 Florence 附近He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.made a name for himself = become famous- -They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.come to = get to 渐渐的come to be known渐渐被人所熟知- -1 come to be known to my students.- -1 got to know him.Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.Whenever无论什么时候at war 交战 / at war with- 于交战hire表示出租who 指代 princehe demanded = Hawkwood demandedIn times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into acity-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection moneywas paid to them.in time of peace在和平期间march into大踏步行军burn down 烧毁 / burn up 烧光 / burn out 烧空- -The house was burned out only walls left.房子被了 只剩下墙壁。would offer to go away = would promise to go awayHawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.in spite of this 尽管如此People in different countries have different opinions.The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a statefuneral and had apictured which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldierand most notableleader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.1give sb a state funeral给某人举行国葬have sth doneSignor n.先生（意大利语）which 指代 picturebe dedicated to the memory of sbthe most valiant比较级的最高级形式Special difficulties 难,庄would rather / would soonerwould rather do- than do-would rather that- （that宾语从句中要出现动词的过去时）1g。2.left （rather 省略了 that）3.did not speak4.not speak （would rather do的否定形式结构： would rather notdo宁愿不做）5.settled 6didn't tellMultiple choice questions 多项选择1. B premise n.房产，房屋（及其附属建筑，地基等）unharmed adj.未受伤害的，太太平平的destruction n.破坏，毁灭criminal n.罪犯,犯罪者adj.犯罪的,犯法的，罪恶的2. B 他获取自己的名字是依据自己的所作所为practice n.实行，实践sharp adj.苛刻的recognition n.承认，认可3. A in that = because "因为，表示一种原因boldness n.大胆，冒失，勇敢bravery n.勇敢，大胆，无畏can not help 不得不，情不自禁4. A 段时间：for a long time （现在完成式）5. C prefer doing'* to doing6. B hire sth from sb 从某人租得某物1. Aif not （如果不）=unlessProvided-*-条件是8. C介词。n和名词death相搭配（表示：去世的状态）介词on和动名词搭配（表示：一就）-On seeing him, I ran away.9. B passed （动词的过去分词）depart vi,离去，离开，出发-When does the next train depart?下一次列车什么时候开？10.1. Dprepared adj.心甘情愿的，准备好的(=willing)-be willing to do = be prepared to doagreeable adj.使人愉快的，惬意的，适合的，宜人的desirable adj.值得要的，合意的，令人想要的(:attractive adj.吸引人的)as Giovanni Acuto.很快就出了名.意大利人叫他乔凡尼.阿库托.Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other,每次意大利各城邦之间打伏，Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主。In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, 和平时期,当生意萧条时，霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦， after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.纵火烧毁一两个农场，然后提此如向他们缴纳保护金,他们便主动撤 离。Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way.霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱.In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.尽管如此,意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral他80岁那年死去时，佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬，and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor GiovanniHaukodue.1并为他画像以纪念这位骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生笔记New words and expression 生词和短语Gangster n.歹徒，强盗- a band of gangsters 一伙强盗robber n.抢劫犯，抢劫者bandit n.强盗，土匪brigand n.强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇（书面用语）hooligan n.流氓，不良分子hoodlum n.罪犯，恶汉（口语）rascal n.淘气，捣蛋鬼（口语）hand n.帮，团伙- a band of robbers 一伙强盗mob n. 一群（表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派）- a mob of hooligans 伙流亡民gang n.一伙 （-a gang of thieves）nest n.窝 （-a nest of bandits）pack n.团伙、帮派（-a pack of hoodlums）Chicago n.芝加哥（美国城市）Protection n.保护 （-protection money 保护费）protect vt,保护 （protectfrom）- -We must protect our eyes from the sunshine.Protector （n,保护者）Protective （adj.保护的）Protege n.被保护者Promptly adv ,准时地- -1 give him a ring and he call me back promptly.- -He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.on time 准时 / in time 及时punctual （adj.严守时刻的，准时的）punctuallyadv.守时地destroy v.毁掉;消灭destroy n.强调毁灭，消灭，完全的摧毁- -The earthquake destroyed the city. / You destroyed his dream.Damage n.v.强调受损程度不很严重，可以被修复- -The big clock was damaged.Break v.n.强调弄坏，弄断- -Two of the strings were broken.spoil V.强调把事情搅和了- -spoil the party / spoil the holidayremarkable adj,不寻常的（同意词：unusual, uncommon, extraordinary）- a remarkable event, an extraordinary event 不同寻常的事件 outstanding （adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的）- -Our headmaster is an outstanding youth. （n.年轻人，青少年） Distinguished （adj.杰出的，卓越的,不同非凡的） Eminent （adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的）Distinguished和eminent是同义词（都是用来修饰严肃领域的人）- -a distinguished physicist （n.物理学家）,an eminent surgeon （n.夕卜科 医生）- an eminent judge （n.法官）z a distinguished lawyer （n.律师） well-known adj.众所周知的（强调众所周知的）- -She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact.famous adj.著名的（因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的）- He is a famous movie star. / Luxun is famous for his articles.Notorious adj.臭明昭著的，臭名远扬的（=be famous for bad things）- Hitler is notorious. （Hitler n.希特勒）infamous adj.身名狼藉的（=Notorious）renowned adj.某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名- -Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful scenery, （n.风景，景色）Florence n.佛罗伦萨（意大利城市）city-state n.（古代）城邦hire v.租出，雇给hire out 出租- -Does this firm hire out cars?Rent v.租，租借，出租n.租金rent out租给，雇给（主要强调出租房屋）- -He rent out his house to a tourist.Let出租（let his house出租房屋）- -Please let your house to me.请把房屋租给我吧？hire from, rent from 租进来- -He hired a car from us. / I rent a room from Mrs. Johnson.hire指短期雇佣体力劳动者- -He hired two helpersemploy指长期雇佣或聘用脑力劳动者- -We employed her as our advisor, （n.顾问）- -The factory employed 500 workers.Prince n.君主，诸候n.王子Florentine n.佛罗伦萨人Funeral n.葬礼Dedicate v.奉献,题献给（dedicate to）dedicate sth to sb-He dedicated his first book to his motherdedicate献身，奉献（比devote更为正式而庄重）dedicateto sth -1 devote my time to helping my students.-He dedicates his life to his motherland. He dedicated his life to science.Memory n.Z己念Memory n.记忆，记忆力，存储器，内存- -You have a good memory.- -If my memory serves me well, you're Tom.如果我没有记错的话。in memory of- = to the memory of- 为了纪念一- -in memory of him = to the memory of him 为 了 名己念他in sb' s honor = in honor of sb为纪念某人,为庆祝某人- -we held a party in his honor. = we held a party in honor of him.Valiant adj.英勇的（强调非常勇敢） During war, soldiers are valiant.Brave adj.勇敢的- -The boy is brave.Fearless adj.大无畏的，无所畏惧的- We are fearless in time of danger.courageous adj.有胆量的，有勇气的noble adj.高尚的，贵族的，高贵的n.贵族obtain vt.获得，得到crime n.犯罪，犯罪行为，罪行settle vt,安放,使定居vi.安家,定居 demand v.要求,需要n.要求,需求（量）,需要 march vi.进军,前进Italian n.意大利人，意大利语adj.意大利的，意大利语的，意大利文 化的Offer vt., vi.提供，提出Notable adj.著名的，显著的，值得注意的Signor n.阁下，君Text课文How did Haywood make in times of peace?There was a tine when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sumsof money to gangsters in return for protection.1pay large sums of money to sb 向某人付大笔大笔的费用in return for-*目的是为了换取，作为对的回报- -He gave me some books in return for my help.when引导状语从句修饰time一 There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion. （Mini n.迷你型，袖 珍型）If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.Promptly = immediatelyput a man out of business 使某人失业put sb/sth out of. 使某人失去- You are putting me out of patience.你使我失去耐心了。- -You have already put everything out of order.- Put it out of your mind,忘记这件事情吧。by destroying his shop 通过,手段- -You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.Obtaining 'protection money1 is not a modern crime.Obtaining = gettingAs long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made theremarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their lifework destroyed by gangsters.as long ago as 追溯回至U (= dating back to = date from)- -1 knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.make the remarkable discovery做出不同寻常的发现would rather do. than do. 宁愿而不一- He would rather die than surrender. (vi投降, 自首)- -1 would rather play tennis than swim.would prefer to do . than do.would prefer doing . to doing. He would prefer to die than surrender.