辽宁省部分地区高二下学期期末考试英语汇编阅读理解.docx

辽宁省部分地区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编阅读理解辽宁省大连市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一节（共15小题：每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。BEIING-Ahead of China's Youth Day, President Xi Jinping wrote back to a youth team working on space station construction, encouraging them to contribute more to the exploration of space and advance space science and technology through innovation.The following are some highlights of Xi's remarks on space exploration.Nov.6,2018In a congratulatory letter to the the 12th China International Aviation (航空)and Aerospace Exhibition, Xi said the exhibition demonstrated China's great achievement in space explorations and expressed his belief that the exhibition would greatly boost the development of global aerospace technology and promote international exchanges and cooperation.Mayl5, 2021In a congratulatory message on the successful landing of China's first probe on Mars, Tianwen-l,Xi said, “The landing left a Chinese mark on Mars fbr the first time. It is another landmark progress in China's space industry development.Sept.16, 2021In a congratulatory letter to the First International Summit on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS) Applications, Xi said China is willing to share the achievements of the BDS with all sides and make the BDS better serve the world and benefit humankind.April 12, 2022When inspecting the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, Xi spoke highly of a series of key space missions launched from the site, including the launching of the space station core module Tianhe, the Chang'e-5 lunar mission, and the Tianwen-1 Mars probe. He extended greetings to all the staff stationed at the site and asked them to shoulder their responsibility and make newA. The process of the experiment.B. The principles behind the experiment.C. The potential benefits of the experiment.D. The conclusion drawn from the experiment.9. Which of the following is the result of the experiment?A. Arabidopsis is closely related to Brussels sprouts.B. Arabidopsis can grow in lunar soil at an increasing rate.C. Arabidopsis grown in lunar soil is unhealthy for people to eat.D. Arabidopsis grown in lunar soil is smaller than that in volcanic ash.10. What is the author's attitude to the newfound discovery?A. Passive.B. Optimistic.C. Defensive.D. Casual.11. Where is the text most likely from?A. A science report.B. A science fiction.C. A science website.D. A science textbook.DThe European Commission has recently proposed classifying nuclear and natural gas as sustainable sources of energy. The proposal will place the sources on the EU's “green" list. However, the proposal has already divided member countries.France, Hungary, Poland, and Romania have supported the proposal as a stepping stone to clean energy. Much of Eastern and Central Europe still depends on fossil fuels like coal for energy. While renewable energy sources like the wind and sun have become more affordable, technology has not advanced enough to store power for long periods of time. Therefore, an immediate transition （转变）might not be possible for Europe.Proponents of the proposal agree that natural gas is still a fossil fuel. Nevertheless, it emits less carbon dioxide than coal and could serve as a more sustainable alternative during the transition to greener energy sources. Nuclear energy plants are another promising energy source and release water vapor instead of carbon dioxide as a by-product. Because of this, proponents view nuclear and natural gas as “bridge“ sources that can pave the way to a low-carbon future.Other European member states are opposing the proposal for a number of reasons. Under the proposal, gas power plants labeled “sustainable“ could emit 270g worth of CO2 fbr each kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity they produce. A panel of experts has criticized these guidelines, recommending that only 100g of CO2 per kWh could be considered sustainable.Spain, Denmark, and Luxembourg have charged that the proposal would distract from renewable energy goals. Germany, a long-time opponent, has questioned about including nuclear power in the list. Nuclear power plants may be low-carbon, but the storage of nuclear waste continues to be an issue. It is also costly to construct them and would use up financial resources that could be invested in other renewable energies.12. What can we know about the proposal put forward by the European Commission recently?A. It divides sustainable sources of energy into two categories.B. It has been copied by many other international organizations.C. It aims to put nuclear and natural gas on the EU's "green" list.D. It is supported by all the countries in Eastern and Central Europe.13. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “proponents”?A. Objectors.B. Advocates.C. Competitors.D.Representatives.14. Why does Germany disapprove of the proposal?A. Because nuclear waste is harmful to people.B. Because nuclear energy is not sustainable energy.C. Because the proposal will distract from other goals.D. Because it is expensive to build nuclear power plants.15. What is the passage mainly about?A. The transition from wind and sun power.B. The advances in the technology of storing power.C. The debate over a proposal on renewable energy.D. The regulations of the European commission.辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 第一节(共15小题；每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ultimate DriversMost people above 16 years old have a strong wish that they should drive on the road by themselves. Thus getting a license is an exciting time in their life. Ultimate Drivers is there to help your teen learn the rules of the road and gain crucial driving experience.What We OfferUltimate Drivers9Program will help students prepare fbr their road test and give them the skills they need to become lifelong safe and defensive drivers.The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training, 12 hours of homework assignments and 8 hours of in-car training. Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes and each one-on-one in-car training 80 minutes. Whafs more, students can be picked up for free from home, work or school.What You Need KnowStudents can complete the classroom part of the course in just two weekends or if it better suits their schedules, they can take it during the evenings on weekdays. There are also classes offered during the holiday break.Students can start taking the classroom part of the driving training without the G1 license, but do need it by the time they're ready to start the in-car driving lessons.What Extra Benefits AreThe beginner drivers can gain much through the program. After that they'll receive student testimonials （证明 I 弓）.The testimonials show teenagers who have taken the course feel more confident in their abilities and many believe they couldn't have passed the road test without it.Sign up before April fifth, and students can also get an insurance discount!1. How many times does the program offer in-class training?A 20.B. 12.C 10.D. 82. What do students need to do to have in-car driving lessons?A. Get the G1 license.B. Finish the classroom part.C. Take out insurance.D. Receive a student testimonial.3. What type of writing is the text?A. A review.B. An advertisement.C. A guide.D. An announcement.BTraveling on an airplane can be a very tiring task even in the best of circumstances, which is why when Sophie Murphy boarded a recent flight from Sydney to Melbourne and noticed an "awful tension, in the cabin, she first thought it was caused by typical bad-tempered passengers. But as the flight neared its end, it became obvious that something was very wrong.A teenage boy with Down syndrome （唐氏综合征）who was traveling with his family had become upset and would not return to his seat, regardless of the cabin crew's warnings over the loudspeaker that it was almost time to land. The pilot was forced to circle above the airport, delaying the landingand angering people on the already tense flight.“If it were a cartoon/ remembered Murphy, “there would have been smoke coming out of people's ears.”As the boy's elderly parents and adult brothers and sisters tried to persuade him to get off the floor and back into his seat, but in vain, Murphy, 42 - who had been a teacher fbr more than 20 years - stood up and quickly headed to the back of the plane.She found the boy in the passage between rows of seats, lying on his belly, and lay down on her stomach to face him. She began chatting calmly with him, asking his name, his favorite book, and his favorite characters. He told her he felt sick and she tried to comfort him.Minutes later, he allowed her to hold his hand-and then together they got properly back into airplane seats. Murphy asked fbr sick bags, and held them as the boy threw up several times, including on her. As she helped him clean up, she repeatedly told him everything would be okay and that they'd get through it together.After the plane was finally able to land, no one was impatient to step off the flight as one might expect. Instead, calmed passengers-obviously following Murphy's amazing example 一 allowed the boy and his family to depart first, smiling at them as they passed. His parents tearfully thanked Murphy fbr what she had done, and a doctor sitting nearby also let her know he had even taken notes on her expert way of handling the situation.4. How did Murphy manage to handle the "awful tension” ?A. She communicated with the boy.B. She fought against unfair treatment.C. She asked an experienced doctor to help.D. She called on other passengers to join her.5. The landing was delayed because.A. a family ignored the warningsB. a boy refused to sit in his seatC. smoke was coming out of the engineD. the pilot was forced to change the destination6. What changed the angry passengers9 attitude at last?A. The boy's improvement.B.The plane's safe landing.C. The teacher's efforts.D.The crew's behavior.7. Which of the following words can best describe Murphy?A. Kind and cool-headed.B.Patient and interested.C. Wise and cooperative.D.Generous and cautious.CScientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the world's smelliest fruits to make devices that could power electric cars. A durian is a fruit that looks like a pineapple. It is a delicacy in some Asian countries, but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places. Its smell has been compared to rotting eggs and even smelly old gym socks.Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at the University of Sydney, in Australia, used a durian and a jackfruit another fruit known fbr its terrible smell to make energy storing devices called supercapacitors.Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries. They can't store as much energy as a normal battery does, but they are much quicker to recharge. Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea. To make the fruit-based devices, the team heated and then freeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durian and jackfruit to make a special kind of material called an aerogel.Aerogels are one of the world's lightest solid materials. Often called "frozen smoke”, they are made by removing the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from durian and jackfruit both worked well when placed inside a supereapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two.The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are expensive. Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits Gomes says, could reduce environmental pollution, as well as costs.8. What makes some countries have different attitudes toward the durian?A. Its smell.B. Its appearance.C. Its value.D. Its popularity.9. Which paragraph mentions Gomes's inspiration of innovation?A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.10. What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Aerogels.B. Scientific uses.C. Properties.D. Electric currents.11. What can we learn about fruit-based supercapacitors?A. They are devices for producing electricity.B. They are chemicals from durians.C. They are green and economical.D. They are light and liquid.DPandas have always been one of the cutest creatures of the animal kingdom, but did you know that there are actually two types of pandas?These animals are divided into Sichuan and Qinling subspecies （亚种群）.The Qinling giant panda, which lives in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, has a round head and short mouth, which makes it look like a cat. The Sichuan giant panda, which lives in Sichuan province, is morebear-like and has a bigger and more oval （椭圆形的）head, according to a study published in a recent issue of the Chinese Science Bulletin.The study, conducted by Zhejiang University, the BG1 Life Science Research Institution and the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, showed the subspecies5 differences and evolutionary （进化的）characteristics, including the first report on the genome （基 因组）of the Qinling subspecies.The two subspecies evolved around 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, which means they haven't contacted one another fbr at least 10,000 years. Besides their different physical features, the Sichuan subspecies is better adapted to survive in the wild due to its history of greater genetic variation. The Qinling subspecies never migrated （迁徙）across the Yellow River Basin, so it has had no major changes in genetic variation.The key factors affecting the long-term survival of a species are its ability to reproduce and develop immunity （免疫力）against disease. When it comes to making babies, the Sichuan subspecies is more reproductive than the Qinling subspecies, said Fang Shengguo, a professor at Zhejiang University's College of Life Sciences.Pandas were once meat eaters but later turned to a bamboo diet. In response to the huge changes in their eating habits, they evolved relatively small internal organs to slow down their metabolism （新陈代谢）.Changes in giant panda genes are mainly related to their reproductive system, which may be responsible for their reduced reproduction, according to the study.Accurate genetic management is important in artificial breeding （繁殖）and conservation, Fang pointed out. He also suggested gene exchanges between small populations of pandas within the same subspecies should be sped up, which could help reduce inbreeding （近亲交酉己）and genetic decline. "Unless the species is in danger, interbreeding between the two subspecies should be avoided as much as possible. Otherwise,