介词（讲义）版英语六年级下册.docx

一、介词的定义:介词介词一般位于名词或代词之前，在句中不单独做任何成分。介词本身有独立的 含义，但意义不够完整，在句中使用时，后面必须接有宾语构成介词短语后，才能 表达完整的意义。介词短语在句中常作状语、定语、表语或宾语补足语。二、介词的用法：(一)表示时画的介词的用法：1. at, on, inat在句中用在钟点之前，意为“在点钟”。如：at six. 在6点。at用在固定短语中。如:at noon在中午； at this time of year 一年这个时候(3)on常用于表示具体的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短语中。如:on the morning of June 在 6 月 5 日 的早上;on a cold winter night在一个寒冷的冬天的夜里;on May 20th在5月20日(4)on用在星期前。 如：on Sunday在星期日(5)in用于年、月前面，季节、世纪前以及固定短语中。如:in the twentieth century 在二十世纪;in his twenties在他二十多岁时;in 2008 在 2008 年；in October 在 10 月； in spring 在春天;in the morning / afternoon / evening 在早上/下午/晚上2. before , after, in(1) in是以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于一般将来时态中。如：I w川come back in three days.我三天以后回来。(2) after是以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态中。A. atB. forC. of)25. He was very angry her for being late.A. for B. with C. at)26. What do you think the play?A. about B. likeC. ofit.)27. I think ifs the right way to work out the problem, but I am not sureA. doB. aboutC. of)28. Reading the sun isn't good youA. under ;for B. in ; for C. in ; to)29. I won't ask about it, Tm going to see it my own eyes.A. byB. forC. with)30. We go to school every day Sunday.A. exceptB. without C. on)31. There is a small river the two townsA. in B. between C. among)32. Li Lei sometimes falls asleep the lesson.A. for B. through C. during)33. Mr. Black went to Paris a few days.A. forB. in C. after)34. They will leave London next month.A. toB. fromC. for)35. Are you going to the zoo bus or my car?A. on ;by B. by ; inC. on ; in参考答案:1-5 CCBAB6-10 CACAA11-15 CBCBC16-20 ACACB21-25 BACCB26-30 CBBCA31-35 BCACB介词专项训练一、选择正确的答案，并把序号填在括号里。()1.Lefs go to the park bike.A. by B.in C.on()2.1 go to school foot.()3.My birthday is May 1st.()4.Mary will visit her grandma summer.()5.1 go to school half past six.()6.What do you do the weekend?()7. Don't talk!Listen the music!()8.Whafs wrong you?()9. Last week, Mr Black went London.)10. There is a bridge the river.A. on B. below C. over)11. Where are you?)12. It is very kind you to give me the present.)13. A fish can't live water.A. withB. in C. without)14. We lay down a tree to rest.A. underB. over C. below)15. The man jumped the river to save the child.介词专项训练答案解析二、选择正确的答案，并把序号填在括号里。(A) 1 .Let's go to the park bike.A. byBJn C.on答案解析：介词短语by bike骑车。(C) 2.1 go to school foot.(C) 3.My birthday is May 1st.答案解析：on表示在具体某一天或某天上午”。(B) 4.Mary will visit her grandma summer.答案解析：in指在“某一段时间”。(A) 5.1 go to school half past six.答案解析：at表示在某一时刻，某一时间点”。(C) 6.What do you do the weekend?答案解析：on表示“在具体某一天或某天上午”。(A) 7. Don't talk!Listenthe music!答案解析：t。表示，到去，向(B) 8.Whafs wrongyou?答案解析：这道题的意思是“你怎么了"，用with.(C) 9. Last week, Mr Black went London.答案解析：to表示“到去，向(C) 10. There is a bridge the river.A. on B. below C. over(C) 11. Where are you?答案解析：from表示“来自”(B) 12. It is very kind you to give me the present.答案解析：of表示“在方面”(C) 13. A fish can't live water.A. withB. in C. without答案解析：w让hout离开。(A) 14. We lay down a tree to rest.A. underB. over C. below答案解析：under在下方。(B) 15. The man jumped the river to save the child.答案解析：into在本题可理解为跳进。如：She went after three days,她三天以后走的。(3) before表示“某时刻或某时间之前”时态根据句子而定。如： Check your papers carefully before you hand them in.【典例精析】Mrs. Brown came to China 1996.A. onB. of C. to, D. in【答案】D【解析】in用于年、月前面，季节、世纪前以及固定短语中随堂小练习1)1. He often goesschool six thirty the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at; in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to)2.a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. inB. onC. atD. for)3. Joan hopes to come back three days.A. after B. for C. in(二)表示地点方位介词的用法:1. at, inat后跟小地方；in后跟大地点2. in, on, toin表示在某一范围内的某方位;on表示与某地相邻关系；to表示在某一地区之外的某方位，不属于该范围。【典例精析】Shanghai liesthe east of China.A. in B. on C. to【答案】A【解析】in表示在某一范围内的某方位。随堂小练习21. Shandong liesthe east ofHebei.A. in B. onC. to2. China lies the west of Japan.A. in B. onC. to(三)表示手段方式的介词的用法:in, by, with, on 表示“用”(1) by主要指利用交通工具。即：“by+名词原形”或“行为手段by+v-ing形式”。 如：I go to school by bike every day.(2) in主要指“用某种语言“或“用工具、材料“以及方式(way)等。如： I often write in ink / pencil.He can say it in a different way.(3) on主要表示行走或站立时所用的身体部位，或利用交通工具。即：“on +冠词/ 形容词性物主代词+交通工具名词”或接表示媒体的名词。此时相当于over。如： People walk on foot. But some people can walk on hand.注意：“on/in +冠词/形容词性物主代词+交通工具名词”这种交通方式的表达可以转换成"by +交通工具名称"。例：on a bike = by bike如果交通工具名词为car,习惯上用in ,其他多用on。如：He learns English on TV.(3) with主要指某一具体的劳动工具、材料或用身体部位。如： We see with our eyes and hear with our ears.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听.【典例精析】He can say it a different way.A. in B. by C. with D. on【答案】A【解析】in主要指"用某种语言“或“用工具、材料”以及方式(way)等。随堂小练习31. People say itEnglish.A. inB. by C. with D. on2. He learns English listening to cassettes.A. inB. by C. with D. on3. He often goes to school a bus.A. inB. by C. with D. on4. They like writing a brush.A. inB. by C. with D. on三、用于定短语中一、介词的含义，介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、 或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。中考需要掌握的 11 个介词：in、on、at、to、from> by、with> for> about> after> before o（一）表示时间的介词1、表示较长时间（长于一天或短于一天）如：年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下 午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。in 1996 / in 2002 / in 1847 （年份）in October / in February / in March （月 份）in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening 在上午 / 下午/ 晚上in those days 在当时 / in no time 立亥U / in the daytime 在白天/in the future 在将来 / in one minute 在 1 分钟内 / 最后也 the end2、表示时间的某一点（或表示某时刻）如：钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。at ten o'clock / at seven thirty.（表示某钟点）at noon / at night / at midnight （在中午、晚上、半夜一天中相对短暂的时间）at that time在那时/ at the moment这时、那时、止匕亥U / at first首先/at last 最后=近 the end / 羽 once 立亥U、马上 / at / on （the） weekends 在周末 /at this time of year 在一年中的这个时候/at the beginning /end of. 在开始/结束时3、表示某一天或者特定（某一天上下午）的时间用介词“on”。on Monday / on Tuesday / on Wednesday / on Fridayon January 1 / on April 18 / on May 31on January 1, 1988 / on April 18, 2002 / on May 31, 1977on duty 值日/ on time 准时4、表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”+“段时间”for two hours / for three days;for hundreds of years5、表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from . to from9 o'clock to 11 o'clock ;from February to April;from then on 从那时候起（用于一般过去时），from now on从现在起（用于一般将来时）；from time to time时不时地（二）表示方位的介词in the tree 在树上 / in the same class 在同一个班/ 也 Beijing 在北京 /in the world在世界上/ in the river在河里/ in a city在城市/in the sun在阳光下/ in the north在北方/ in China在中国/in No. 5 Middle School 在第五中学 / in the front of 在的前部 /in front of 在前面 / iq the middle/corner of 在中间/ （内部）角落（三）固定用法:1 .表示大地方，表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用也，或表示在范围之内。in hospital 住院 / in the open air 在露天 / read in bed 躺着看书 /in English用英语 /jnred穿红色的/in. way of以方式 /2 .表示较小的地方，表示空间的某一点，出入口等，选at。at the end of 在的尽头/ at the gate在大门口 /at the second crossing在第二个十字路口 / at the bus stop在公共汽车站 /at school在校读书 / at home在家at the station / airport / zoo / post office at the front door / at the cinema / supermarket3 .表示附着在表面上，覆盖等，表示接触的面上、边上、线上，用onoon the wall 在墙上 / 51the other side of 在.的另一边 /on the left/ right 在左边/右边/ on the train在火车上on the left/right hand side 在左/右手边/ on the way to .在去的路上比较：a hole in the floor / wallThere are many apples on the tree.There are many birds in the tree.几组表示位置关系的介词比较（看图）1. Japan is in the east of Asia.2. Japan is to the east of China.3. Korea is on the northeast of China.northwestsoutheast1. B is in the east of A.2. D is to the east of A.3. C is on the east of A.随堂小练习参考答案1. B B C2. B C3.A B D CPractice)1. Many people work the day and sleep night.A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at)2. He speaks Japanese best the boy students.A. between B. with C. among)3. A wolf a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.A. with B. inC. on)4. They sent the letter to me mistake.A. byB. for C. with)5. He left home a cold winter evening.A. atB. on C. in)6.my father's help, I have finished my composition.A. UnderB. On C. with)7. He's very strict himself and he's very strict his work.A. with ;in B. in ; with C. with ; with)8. I really can't agree you.A. toB.on C. with)9. The shop won5t open nine in the morning.A. until B. at C. during)10. How about the flowers now?A. watering B. are watering C. watered)11. She spent all his money books,A. inB. with C. on)12. They are talking low voices.A. withB. inC. on)13. Ifs very kind you to help us.A. forB. to C. of)14. What will you have breakfast this morning?A. with B. for C. by)15. A plane is flying the city.A. onB. over C. above)16. You are free to speak the meeting.A. atB. in C. on)17. Mr. Green will stay in China Friday.A. toB. on C. till)18. Ifs wrong to play jokes other people.A. onB. ofC. with)19. Which color do you like? I prefer blue red.A. for B. as C. to)20. The student will give us a talk how to use our spare time.A. forB. onC. in)21. I paid two hundred yuan that kind of bicycle.A. inB. forC. on)22. The doctor is very kind his patientsA. toB. onC. at)23. We can't live air.A. inB. with C. without)24. The child was afraid the strange sound.