甘肃省武威市四校联考2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题.docx

甘肃省2024届新高考备考模拟考试英语试卷考生注意:1 .本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2 .答题前，考生务必用直径毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3 .考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4 .本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When does the rainy season start?A. In November.B. In February.C. In January.【答案】A【解析】【原文】 W: It's January, and it's been raining the whole month. How long does the rainy season last here?M: About four months. It begins in early November and lasts until February.5 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How does the woman's food taste?A. Salty.B. Hot.C. Sweet.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Can you pass me the salt and pepper, please? My food doesn't taste very good. It has no taste. How's yours?W: It's OK. If s just a little hot.6 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the relationship between the speakers?28. What can we know about the actuator designed by Chen?A. It weighs about six grams.B. It drives the insectsized drone.C. It loses efficiency too much.D. It employs conventional materials.29. Which word can best describe Chen's work?A. Easy.B. Costly.C. Fruitless.D. Challenging.30. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the new drone?A. Its safety standards.B. Its flying range.C. Its possible applications.D. Its design principle.31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. An Insectlike Small DroneB. The Future of Insectsized DronesC. How Drones Will Change the AgricultureD. What Challenge Drone Development Faces【答案】28.B29. D 30. C 31. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院助理教授Chen研发出一款像昆虫一样 无人机。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency as you shrink it. So, Chen says, “For an insectsized drone, you need to look fbr alternatives." The principal alternative until now has been employing a small, rigid actuator （执彳亍器）built from new materials. Chen designed a more agile tiny drone using soft actuators instead of hard ones.n （大型无人机通常由电机驱动，但当你缩小它时，电机就会失 去效率。因此，Chen说：“对于昆虫大小的无人机，你需要寻找替代品。”到目前为止，主要的替代方案 是使用一种由新材料制成的小型刚性执行器。Chen设计了一种更灵活的微型无人机，使用软驱动器而不是 硬驱动器。）可知，关于Chen设计的执行器，我们知道它驱动昆虫大小的无人机。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 uAccording to Chen, he overcame many problems when building the drone. The insectsized drone requires a fundamentally different construction from a larger one. The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency as you shrink it.”（据 Chen 说，他在制造无人机时克服了许 多问题。昆虫大小的无人机与大型无人机的结构完全不同。大型无人机通常由电机驱动，但当你缩小它时， 电机就会失去效率。）可推断，Chen的研发工作很有挑战性。故选D项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中 “Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perform machinery inspections to ensure safety and function. Its potential applications include pleting searchandrescue missions following a disaster." （Chen说他的无人机在工业和农业上都很有用。它可以进行机械检查，以确 保安全和功能。它的潜在应用包括完成灾难后的搜索和救援任务。）可知，最后一段主要介绍了 “昆虫无人 机”的预期应用情况。故选C项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中 “This is really hard to build into flying robots, but MIT Assistant Professor Kevin Yufeng Chen has developed an insectsized drone （无人机）that approaches insects9 agility. " （这 真的很难植入飞行机器人中，但麻省理工学院助理教授Kevin Yufeng Chen已经开发出一种昆虫大小的无人 机，接近昆虫的敏捷性。）可知，本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院助理教授Chen研发出一款像昆虫一样的小 型无人机。故文章最适合的标题是“一种类似昆虫的小型无人机”。故选A项。DA new study finds that less than seven percent of the adult population in the US have what health experts consider good cardiometabolic （心脏代谢）health.Using information on roughly 55,000 people over the age of 20, the results show just 6.8 percent of American adults reached optimal （最佳的）levels of health in 2018. Moreover, the study found American health has been in sharp decline over the last 20 years. In 1999, one in three adults had a healthy weight. By 2018, that number fell to just one in four Americans. At the same time, three in five people were free of diabetes in 1999. By 2018, however, more than six in ten adults had the condition!“These numbers are striking. It's deeply problematic that in the United States, fewer than 1 in 15 adults have optimal cardiometabolic health,“ says Meghan O'Hearn, one of the researchers from Tufts University. "We need a plete overhaul （革新）of our healthcare system, food system, and living conditions, because this is a crisis for everyone.”Instead of just looking for signs of disease, the team focused their study on the signs of good, moderate, and poor cardiometabolic health. "Disease is not the only problem/7 O5Hearn explains. "We don't just want to be free of disease. We want to achieve optimal health and wellbeing.Researchers also found large health gaps between US adults of different genders, ages, and education levels.Specifically, the study found Americans with less education were half as likely to be in peak cardiometabolic health.O9 Hearn adds, "Identifying these individuals and addressing their health conditions and lifestyle early is critical to reducing growing healthcare burdens. Its impacts on national healthcare spending and the financial health of the entire economy are enormous. And these conditions are largely preventable. We have the public health and clinical interventions and policies to be able to address these problems/932. What percentage of American adults had optimal cardiometabolic health in 2018?A. Over 7 percent.B. Just 6.8 percent.C. Around 33 percent.D. About 60 percent.33. What does O9Hearn think of the results of the study?A. They're unreal.B.They're acceptable.C. They're expected.D.They're shocking.34. What is the purpose of the team's research?A To find the big age gap.B.To help people keepfit.C. To develop new drugs.D.To earn lots of profits.35. What can we infer from O'Heam's words in the last paragraph?A. Joint effort is needed to improve public health.B. Economic growth affects personal health condition.C. America saw a slow decrease in healthcare costs.D. Rich people tend to suffer from health problems.【答案】32.B33. D 34. B 35. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国塔夫茨大学的一项研究表明，仅有不到7%的美国成年人心脏代谢健康状 况良好。【32题详解】细节理解题。由文第二段首句"Using information on roughly 55,000 people over the age of 20, the results show just 6.8 percent of American adults reached optimal levels of health in 2018."（使用大约万名 20 岁以上人群的 信息，结果显示，2018年只有6.8%的美国成年人达到了最佳状态的健康水平。）可知，只有6.8%的美国成 年人达到了最佳状态的心脏代谢健康水平，故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。由文第三段首句 “"These numbers are striking. It's deeply problematic that in the United States, fewer than 1 in 15 adults have optimal cardiometabolic health,“ says Meghan O5Hearn, one of the researchers from Tufts University."（塔夫茨大学的研究人员之一 Meghan OHearn说：“这些数字令人震惊。在美国，只有不到1/15的成年人拥有最佳的心脏代谢健康，这是一个严重的问题。”。）可知，O,Hearn对研究结果表 示震惊，故选D项。【34题详解】 细节理解题。由文第四段末句 “We don't just want to be free of disease. We want to achieve optimal health and wellbeing."（我们不仅仅想摆脱疾病。我们还想实现最佳的健康和福祉。）可知，该研究团队的目的是， 帮助人们保持健康，故选B项。【35题详解】 推理判断题。由文末段第一句 "We have the public health and clinical interventions and policies to be able toaddress these problems.?（我们有公共卫生和临床干预措施和政策来解决这些问题。）可知，O'Hearn认为需要多方协作来提高公众健康水平，故选A项。第二节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It is so easy to just go home and shut your door without getting to know your neighbors. But being an active neighbor will turn your living place into a kinder and more caring neighborhood.36. You don't have to show up with a fresh apple pie or anything like that. It's truly as simple as sayinghello, introducing yourself and asking a few openended questions. But they are the first step to being a kind neighbor. Then get out of your fort zone and make efforts to know more about your neighbors. 37 And if youfeel fortable, let them know that you're there to help, if they ever need another hand.Another way to show your neighbors that you care is by making your small acts of kindness a regular practice. This can be cleaning up the litter or even cleaning up after the pets have made a mess on your block.38,you can ask your partner or kids to pick a bunch of flowers from the garden to give your new neighbor.39.Remind yourself that being connected feels good and boosts your mood in the long run. If you take the first step, your small acts of kindness can encourage others to pay that kindness forward. 40 Challenging as they are,reaching out to your neighbors is worth the efforts.A. Or if you have an amazing gardenB. Remember, every small gesture countsC. If you want to be respected and cared by your neighborsD. For example, ask for their names and learn what they do for workE. Your attitudes towards your friends also set an example for your kidsF. It doesn't take a lot of money or a generous gesture to be an active neighborG. In the end, more and more people in the neighborhood will feel much better【答案】36. F 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了几个搞好邻里关系的金点子。【36题详解】空后说 “You don't have to show up with a fresh apple pie or anything like that. It's truly as simple as saying hello, introducing yourself and asking a few openended questions你不需要带着新鲜的苹果派或类似的东西出现。这 真的就像打个招呼，自我介绍，问几个开放式的问题一样简单。）"，说明要做好邻居不需要花太多钱，F 选项 “It doesn't take a lot of money or a generous gesture to be an active neighbor（成为一个积极的邻居并不需 要很多钱或慷慨的姿态）”说明了要当积极的邻居不需要花很多钱，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。【37题详解】空前说 “Then get out of your fort zone and make efforts to know more about your neighbors.（然后走出你的舒适 区，努力多了解你的邻居。）”，说明要走出去和邻居交流,空后说“And if you feel fortable, let them know that you9 re there to help, if they ever need another hand.（如果你觉得舒服，让他们知道，如果他们需要帮助， 你会在那里帮助他们。）”，说明要告诉邻居你可以为他们提供帮助，空格处应该也是关于跟邻居交流的， D 选项 “For example, ask for their names and learn what they do for work（例如，询问他们的名字，了解他们 的工作）”说明了要跟邻居交流什么，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。38题详解】空后说 u you can ask your partner or kids to pick a bunch of flowers from the garden to give your new neighbor（你 可以让你的伴侣或孩子从花园里摘一束花送给你的新邻居）”，要从花园里摘花送给邻居，前提是你要有花 园，A选项“Or if you have an amazing garden（或者如果你有一个很棒的花园）”说明你如果有一个花园，因 此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。39题详解】本段主题句是 “Another way to show your neighbors that you care is by making your small acts of kindness a regular practice.（另一种向邻居表达你关心的方式是把你的小善举作为一种经常的实践。）”，因此本段主要 是关于做一些小事表示善意的，空前说“you can ask your partner or kids to pick a bunch of flowers from the garden to give your new neighbor（你可以让你的伴侣或孩子从花园里摘一束花送给你的新邻居）”，这也是关 于为邻居做点小事表示善良的，空格处应该也会提到小小的礼貌或善意的举动，B选项"Remember, every small gesture counts（记住，每一个小举动都很重要）”再次强调小举动很重要，因此承接上文，符合语境， 故选B。【40题详解】空前说 “Remind yourself that being connected feels good and boosts your mood in the long run. If you take the first step, your small acts of kindness can encourage others to pay that kindness forward.（提醒自 己， 保持联系的 感觉很好，从长远来看会改善你的情绪。如果你迈出了第一步，你的小善举可以鼓励别人把你的善举传递 出去。）”，说明的是你的小善举会对他人带来的好处,G选项“In the end, more and more people in the neighborhood will feel much better（最终，附近越来越多的人会感觉好多了）”接着上文，进一步说明了你的 善举对他人的积极的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In battling leukemia （白病），9yearold Harper Harrell has devoted her daysin the hospitalto raising money for the V Foundation fbr cancer research. "I know it's 41 but it deserves my effort J said Harrell.After Harrell was diagnosed （诊断）with leukemia in October 2021, she started learning about the foundation which 42 cancer research. The foundation has al ready 43 nearl y $290 million for cancer research nationwide. The foundation's administrative costs are paid 44 by itself, which means 100% of donations go to cancer research.Believing one small thing could change a lot, Harrell started to 45 some drawings in her notebook shortly after beginning treatment. One of them was a ribbon （丝带）with a “Peace out, cancef, message written below it. Harrell thought the 46 would be a great Tshirt for children facing a（n） 47 battle.While Harrell was 48, her mother, Heather Hindin, found a way to bring her 49 to life.She 50 a Tshirt campaign online. The plan was to donate half of the ine to the foundation while using the rest fbr her daughter's medical expenses. They have 51 over $24,000 this year, which will specifically go to the foundation, after launching two Tshirt campaigns.“There are all of these messages of 52 that people post when they order,“ Hindin said. "They help so much with her 53 and keeping her positive/1 Harrell, who says she has always had a 54 for helping others, offered a simple piece of advice: "Try to help and assist where you can, and you will achieve something 5541. A. riskyB. luckyC. newD. hard42. A. avoidsB. attractsC. supportsD. restricts43. A. awardedB. wastedC. demandedD. missed44. A. partlyB. pletelyC. accidentallyD.suddenly45. A. makeB.coverC. tearD. enjoy46. A. wordB. titleC. designD. wish47. A. originalB. similarC. exactD. famous48. A. under controlB. at schoolC. in hospitalD. on duty49. A. dreamB. bodyC. illnessD. doctor50. A. turned downB. put offC. handed overD. set up51. A. collectedB.refusedC. investedD. borrowed52. A. predictionB. encouragementC. hesitationD. embarrassment53. A. notesB. rolesC. scoresD. spirits54. A. signB. passionC. viewD. finish55. A. harmlessB. gentleC. familiarD. great【答案】4LD42. C 43. A 44. B45. A 46. C 47. B48. C 49. A 50. D 51.A 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了九岁的小女孩Harper Harrell身患白血病，却和妈妈一起为那些有类似 境遇的孩子们筹措善款，支持癌症研究工作的故事。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Harrell说：“我知道这很难，但这值得我努力。A. risky有风险的；B. lucky 幸运的；C. new 新的；D. hard 困难的。根据上文 “In battling leukemia （白血病），9yearold Harper Harrell has devoted her daysin the hospitalto raising money for the V Foundation for cancer research.（在与 白血病的斗争 中，9岁的HarperHarrell在医院里花了一天时间为V基金会癌症研究筹集资金。）”可知，自身患病，还想 要为V基金会癌症研究筹集资金，这是一件很艰难的事情。故选D项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年10月，Harrell被诊断为白血病后，她开始了解支持癌症研究的基金会。A. avoids 避免；B. attracts 吸引；C. supports 支持；D. restricts 限制。根据上文 “to raising money for the V Foundation for cancer research （为V基金会癌症研究筹集资金）”可知，这个基金会筹集资金是为了癌症研究, 因此可知这个基金会支持癌症研究工作。故选C项。43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该基金会已经为全国癌症研究拨款近亿美元。Aawarded奖励，给予；B. wasted 浪费；C. demanded 要求；D. missed 思念。根据下文 “The foundation administrative costs are paid pletely by itself, which means 100% of donations go to cancer research.（该基金会的管理费用完全由其自身支付，这意味 着100%的捐款将用于癌症研究。）”可知，这个基金会把筹集到的钱，给予全国各地的癌症研究机构，全部 用于癌症研究。故选A项。【44题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：该基金会的管理费用完全由其自身支付，这意味着100%的捐款将用于癌症研究。A. partly 部分地；B. pletely 完全地;C. accidentally 偶然地;D. suddenly 突然。根据下文 “which means 100% of donations go to cancer research （这意味着100%的捐款将用于癌症研究）”可知，该基金会全额用于癌症研 究，故基金会本身的管理费完全由其自己承担，而非由捐款支付。故选B项。45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Harrell相信一件小事会有很大的改变，在开始治疗后不久，她就开始在笔记本上 画画。A. make 制作，绘制；B. cover 覆盖；C. tear 撕；D. enjoy 享受。根据下文 “One of them was a ribbon （丝带）with a "Peace out, cancer" message written below it.（其中之一是一条丝带，下面写着“和平，癌症”的 字样。）”可知，Harrell画了一些画。故选A项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Harrell认为，对于面临类似战争的孩子来说，这种设计将是一件很棒的T恤。A. word 单词;B. title 标题;C. design 设计；D. wish 希望。根据上文 “One of them was a ribbon （丝带）wi