人教版英语八年级下册现在完成时（易懂版本）.docx

现在完成时、两个含义: 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在的情况造成了影响。（借古讽今）He opened the door.The door is open.I saw the movie.I have seen the movie.I got married.I have got married.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的 动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如:since +时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。（从古至今）I have learned English for 10 years/since 10 years ago.I have lived in Chengdu for 12 years/since 12 years ago.I have been a teacher for 2 years/ since 2 years ago.二、构成have/has+动词的过去分词(done)二、标志词for, since, already, yet, before, recently, over the in the past few.四、already与yet的区别already用于肯定句（已经）yet用于否定句（还）和疑问句（已经）ever & neverever作副词，意为“曾经”，常用于现在完成时的一般疑问句和肯定句 中，置于主语之后，过去分词之前。never作副词，意为“从不；从未”，用于现在完成时中，表示否定，位 于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。五.have been to & have gone to & have been inhave been to 去了某地，已回have gone to去了某地，未回have been in 在哪里待了多久后面是地点副词there、here home局省略to六、延续性和非延续性1 .含义：延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影 响。非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止。2 .用法：常见的延续性动词有learn, work, live, know, walk, watch, sleep, stay, wait, keep 等。延续性动词可以用在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用，如how long, for+时间段，since+过去的时间点，since引导的时间状语从句（一 般过去时），sinced段时间+ ago等。常见的非延续性动词有 open, close, die, begin, come, go, borrow, lend, buy, move等，可以用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在， 但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。3 .for &since 区另if“for+时间段"since+过去的时间点或从句或"since+一段时间+ago。4 .非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词（短语）的转换:直接转换成延续性动词buy -> have borrow -> keepput on ->wearcatch a cold 今 have a cold例：She caught a cold three days ago.=She has had a cold for three days.转换成“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”等come/arrive/go 今 be in/at begin/start 今 be on finish/end/stop 今 be over open -> be opendie 今 be dead leave -> be awayclose 今 be closed fall asleep 今 be asleepfall ill 今 be ill become -> bejoin 今 be a member of/be in come back 今 be backgo to school 今 be a student例子:already.already.I have finished the workI have seen the movieI have learned Englishfor 5 years.since 5 years ago.It is/has been ten years since I smoked.I started to smoked.It has been ten years since I had a girlfriend.