Unit+1+Language+Points1知识点讲义 高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册.docx

XB1U1 Language Points 1Period 1 Reading and Thinking1. crucial(adj.)至关重要的；关键性的 extremely important,because it will affect other t/?/ngs-crucially(adv.) This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner)z whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.本年度的诺贝尔生理学或 医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一)，她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。a crucial factor/issue/decision 关键性的因素/问题/决定Oxygen and water are crucial to/for most life on earth.对地球上大多数生物来说氧气和水至关重要。Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。 It is crucial that students keep a good state of mind during the examination.在考试期间学生保持一个良好的心态非常重要。be crucial for/to对至关重要It is crucial that是至关重要的play crucial part in对起着至关重要的作用be of crucial importance= be crucially important 至关重要2. vital(adj.)必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone,青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了 10万人的性命。As we all know, water is vital for/to the survival of the living things.众所周知，水对生物的生存至关重要。Reading is of vital importance in language learning.阅读在语言学习中至关重要。It is vital that we should take action to stop the destruction of the rainforest.我们应该采取行动来阻止对雨林的破坏，这是至关重要的。be vital to/for对很重要be of vital importance非常重要It is vital (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)做某事很重要 It is vital that .(should) do sth很重要3. commit(vt.)承诺；保证(vi.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)-committed(n.)尽心尽力的； 坚定的；坚信的“commitment(n.)承诺；投入Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家，1930 年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京医学院(现北京大学医学部)。commit a crime 才日罪The president is committed to reforming health care.总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan.借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。commit oneself to sth/to doing sth/to do sthbe committed to sth/doing sth (被动语态)make a commitment to do sth/doing sth 承诺做某事4. objective(n.)目标；目的go。/ (adj.溶观的In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。They set up a team with the objective of finding the cure for COVID-19.他们成立了一个团队，目的是寻找治疗新冠肺炎的方法。It is hard give an objective opinion on this novel.很难对这本小说给出一个客观的看法。meet/achieve one's objectives 达到/实现某人的目标with the objective of 以为目标What is . attitude to/towards.?subjective 主观的，objective 客观的，positive 表示赞同的，sympathetic 赞同的，favourable 赞同的，supportive 支持的，appreciative欣赏的，disapproving不赞成的,doubtful怀疑的，skeptical怀疑的，critical批评的， tolerant 宽容的，forgiving 宽容的，conservative 保守的，carefree 无负责的，ambiguous 模棱两可的，cautious 小心的，谨慎的，uncaring冷漠的,neutral中立的，contradictory相互矛盾的5. evaluate(vt.)评价；评估assessevaluation(n.)评估；评价Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.她的团队研读了 2000多篇中医药古籍(古方)，评估了 28万种植物的药物属性。Afterwards, they evaluated the damage caused by the fire.后来，他们评估了大火造成的损失。They are evaluating whether the method will be effective.他们正在评价这方法是否有效。evaluate one's ability 评价某人的能力evaluate the costs/value/quality of 评估的费用/价值/质量6. distinct(adj.)清晰的；清楚的；有区别的distinctly(adv.)清楚地；明显地From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.通过研究，他们发现并测试了 380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。The toes of the parrot are as distinct from each other as your fingers are. 鹦鹉的各个脚趾就像你的手指一样，是有区别的。“There's one- the Cruciatus Curse,“ said Neville in a small but distinct voice.“有一个一-钻心咒J纳威声音很轻但很清晰地说。There is a distinct smell of cigarettes every time he comes into the room.他每次进房间，都带着一股浓重的烟味。be distinct from与截然不同7. obtain(vt.)(尤指经努力)获得；赢得(vi.)(规章、习俗等)存在；流行They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。 His great contributions to agriculture obtained him respect.他对农业的巨大贡献给他赢得了尊重。 Different laws obtain in different places.不同的法律适用于不同的地方。obtain advice/information/permission 得到忠告/信息/许可 obtain.from/out of/through 从中得至8. acknowledge(vt.)承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。a generally acknowledged fact 公认的事实I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.我不认为他才口了什么错。Micheal Jordan is widely acknowledged as/to be one of the best players in the world.=It is widely acknowledged that Micheal Jordan is one of the best players in the world. 普遍认为迈克尔乔丹是世界最佳球员之一。Mr. Lee wrote a letter to acknowledge our financial assistance.李先生写了一封信，感谢我们的财政援助。 acknowledge defeat/one,s mistake 承认失败/认错acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事acknowledge . to be/as承认为It is widely/universally acknowledged that人们普遍认为9. defeat(n.)失败;挫败(vt.)击败；战胜The party faces defeat in the election这个党面临选举失败。Our team defeated/beat the visiting team and won the first prize.我们队击败了 客队，赢得了第一名。admit/acknowledge defeat 认输/accept defeat 接受失败/face defeat 面临失败/suffer defeat 遭遇失败 a narrow/heavy defeat 惜败/惨败defeat a team/the enemy/one's opponents 打败一支队伍/敌人/对手10. apparently(adv.)显而易见；看来；显然apparent(adj.)显而易见obWous；表面上的She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药物属性。Apparently he doesn't care much about fame and money.很明显他并不在乎名声和钱。=lt is apparent that he doesn't care much about fame and money.apparently/clearly/evidently/obviously 显而易见It is apparent/clear/evident/obvious that.显而易见的是11.insist(vi.&vt.)坚持；坚持要求insist on坚持要求Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe,屠呦呦和团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。They insisted on/upon being given every detail of the case.他们坚持要求说明事情的来龙去脉。They insisted on playing their music late at night.己是深夜，他们却依然在放音乐。She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station.她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。insist on/upon (doing) sth坚决要求(做)某事insist on doing sth执意继续做某事insist that坚持要求(虚拟语气sb (should) do sth);坚持认为(陈述语气)12. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.”获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不 仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民”On their arrival at the stadium, the athletes began to work out.一到体育场,运动员们就开始了训练。on/upon + n./v.-ing 就“一就”其他表达 as soon as; the moment/minute/instant/second; immediately/instantly/directly13. lead to the discovery of导致的发现14. save hundreds of thousands of lives 挽救了成千上万人的生命15. lead to improved health for millions of people 改善了数百万人的健康状况16. die from malaria 死于疟疾17. be thought to do sth 被认为做某事18. in the beginning 起初；开始19. become the head of the project 成为项目的负责人20. show promise in the fight against malaria 有望战胜疟疾 show promise in 在方面显示出成功的迹象21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事22. a collection of 一批；一些23. get stuck进入僵局；陷入困境24. analyse the medical texts 分析医学文献25. by chance/accident 偶然；意外地26. draw out the extract 提炼提取物27. fail more than 190 times 经历了 190 多次的失败28. the great value of traditional Chinese medicine 传统中医药的巨大价值29. It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese Medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。It is an honour (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)做是一种荣幸scientific research 科学研究/scientific discovery 科学发现Period 2 Learning about Language1. tearand wear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗.the new material stands up to wear and tear. 新材料经得住磨损The carpet is designed to stand up to/withstand a lot of wear and tear.这种地毯设计得十分耐用。It was brave of her to stand up to those bullies.她不向那几个坏蛋屈服,真是勇敢。His argument simply doesn't stand up to close scrutiny.他的论点完全经不起仔细推敲。stand up to sth经得起（检验、审查等）；（材料、产品等）能承受，经受得住，耐（） stand up to sb抵抗；勇敢反对；不甘忍受某人的欺负（或不公平对待）stand up for sb/sth支持；拥护2. conclusion（n.）结论；推论-concluded）断定；推断出；推论出；结束Did you come to any conclusions?你得出 了什么结论吗？Scientists drew the conclusion from the photos that there was water on Mars.科学家们从这些照片得出了一个结论，即火星上曾经有水。In conclusion/By way of conclusion/To conclude, I would like to thank those involved in the project.最后，我要感谢那些参与该项目的人。He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。We concluded the conversation with a fierce quarrel.我们以一场激烈的争吵结束了谈话。come to/lead to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论bring.to a conclusion 使结束in conclusion/to conclude 总之；最后conclude from sth that从中推断出It can be concluded that可以推断出conclude.with 以结束3. circumstance（n.）usu. pl.条件；环境；状况Her circumstances are beyond our control她的处境是我们无法控制的。changing social and political circumstances 正在变化的社会和政治环境financial/family/personal circumstances 经济/家庭/个人状况In/Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。Under/ln no circumstances did I expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有预料到会遇到这么多问题。in/under no circumstances 决不in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下in/under any circumstances 在某些情况下4. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国男子显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。It strikes/struck sb tha 某人突然想到其他表达：sth occurs to/comes to sb; It hit/occurred to/came to sb that./ It occurred to sb to do sth.5. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany.后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国。flee from the war 逃离战争flee to places of safety 逃到安全的地方6. with the help of a flow chart 在流程图的帮助下Period 3 Using Language1. found（vt.）创建；建立；把建立在foundation（n.）地基；基础，根据founded high-tech and futuristic companies成立了高科技和极具现代的公司found a club/a company/a school/a college/a university/an organisation 仓办俱乐部/公司/学校/大学/组织found a new city/a new hospital 建一座新城市/新医院As we all know, a good relationship is founded on trust.众所周知，一段好的关系是建立在信任的基础上的。The hard training laid a solid foundation for his success in going into space.艰苦的训练为他成功进入太空奠定了坚实的基础。 found.on/upon将建立在之上 be founded on建立在基础上；（建筑物）建立在上lay a （firm/solid） foundation for 打下（坚实的）基础建立的其他词汇：establish, build, set up