讲与练06 语法填空中的名词性从句与定语从句(解析版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(版).docx

2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）06语法填空中的名词性从句与定语从句【高频考点回顾】高频考点一名词性从句【真题再现】语法填空1. （2018全国卷111）1'111 not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla（大猩 猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.2. （2019全国卷 I ） While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.答案：l.who 2. that【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略名词性从句做题两步骤第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、 宾语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词；如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思 是否完整，是否需要用whether/ifi如果不缺少成分且意思完整用thato【重点知识提醒】一、宾语从句1 .引导宾语从句的连接词从属连词 that、whether> if；连接代词 what> who> whose> whatever> whichever> whoever等；连接副词when、where> why> how等；从句用陈述语序。 We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。 I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我确信美来自内在。 What we should take with us depends on where well stay.我们需要随身带什么东西，取决于我们将在什么地方停留。2 . it做形式宾语的宾语从句3 1）一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that引 导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find、feeR think> consider、believe> guess> suppose、 make 等。4 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。18. would change 19. was crowded 20. him【解析】这是一篇人物传记。短文介绍了敢于冒险的美国飞行员Charles Lindberg。11 .考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“in 1907”可知，where引导的定语从句为一般过去时，主语为his father, 与谓语elect为被动。故填was elected。12 .考查从属连词。分析句子可知，由于Charles Lindberg表现出非凡的机械才能，1921年，他被威斯康辛 大学录取，攻读工程学。所以本句为Because/As引导的原因状语从句。所以填从属连词Because/As。故填 Because/Aso13 .考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填To seek。14 .考查连接代词。分析句子可知，in为介词后接句子做宾语，宾语从句的主语为he,谓语为called , call 后接双宾语，直接宾语由what来充当。故填what。15 .考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，主语为Lindberg,谓语为completeo所以空处应填非谓语动词，train 表示的动作发生在complete之前，且与主语在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用现在分词的完成被动形式作状语。 也可用过去分词作状语。故填Having been trained/Trained。16 .考查介词。分析句子可知，空处应填介词，until表示的是一段时间的终点且符合句意。故填until。17 .考查动词不定式。the+序数词后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to fly。18 .考查过去将来时。由“knew, ambitious flight”可知，宾语从句为过去将来时。故填would change。19 .考查形容词短语。be crowded with为固定短语。在本句中作himself的宾语补足语。故填crowded。20 .考查代词。分析句子可知，bring后接双宾语，结构为：bring sb stho他的成就为他带来了很多的奖励。 所以空处应填him作brought的间接宾语。故填him。3Wolf Warrior 11（战狼 II）is such a hit that it has put China in the 21, （globe） spotlight（公众关注）. It's also the first film 22. （taste） success both in terms of box office earnings and promoting Chinese values.The film focuses on 23. rescue operation in Africa, led by Leng Feng, played by Wu Jing, the writer 24. director of the film. It is based on the true events of the 2011 evacuation（撤离）of Chinese people from Libya. It describes 25. the Chinese government manages to protect overseas Chinese26. （city）. Just27, the message at the end of the film reads:nWhen you encounter（遇至U） danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at your back 28. (stand) a strong motherland.nChina's29. (rise) military power and its positive role in the world have brought out a bigger sense of3Q. (proud) among young people in China.【答案】21 . global22 . to taste23 . a24 . and25 . how26 . citizens27 . as28 . stands29 . rising30 . pride【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影战狼n的内容介绍及其影响。21 .考查形容词。句意：战狼2大获成功，使中国成为全球瞩目的焦点。此处修饰名词spotlight用形容 词，指全球的焦点，故填global。22 .考查非谓语动词。句意：这也是第一部在票房收入和宣传中国价值观方面都取得成功的电影。名词film 由序数词修饰时，要用不定式作后置定语。故填t。taste。23 .考查冠词。句意：这部电影讲述的是在非洲的一次救援行动，由冷锋领衔，吴京饰演，他是这部电影的 编剧和导演。operation为可数名词，此处泛指“一次救援行动”应用不定冠词，故填a。24 .考查连词。根据句意可知，表示“编剧和导演”为并列关系，故填and。25 .考查连接词。句意：它描述了中国政府如何设法保护海外中国公民。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式 状语，故填how。26 .考查名词的数。短语Chinese citizen“中国人；中国公民“，此处没有冠词，故用复数形式citizens。27 .考查介词。句意：正如电影结尾的那句话：“当你在异国他乡遇到危险时，不要放弃!”请记住，在你的 背后站着一个强大的祖国。”此处表示“正如，如同”用as,指正如电影最后的话，故填aso28 .考查主谓一致。介词短语at your back置句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据语境，用一般现在时，句中主 语是a strong motherland是单数，与之一致谓语也用第三人称单数，故填stands。29 .考查现在分词。句意：中国军事实力的不断增强及其在世界上的积极作用，使中国年轻人产生了更大的自豪感。指不断上升的军事实力用现在分词，故填rising。30 .考查名词。短语sense of pride,此处指“骄傲感；自豪感”，用名词作宾语。故填pride o4How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time? An American shakes your hands 31. (firm) while looking you straight in the eye. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the 32. (much) respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest.In Spain, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason, many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Mexico, lunch is a time 33. (relax), and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat. In Britain, it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.In most countries, an exchange of business cards 34. (be) necessary for all introductions. You should include your company name and your position. If you are going to a country 35. your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language. In a word, when travelling abroad, we should follow local habits.【答案】31 . firmly32 . more33 . to relax34 . is35 . where【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了各个国家的文明礼仪和文化。31 .考查副词。行rmly为副词修饰动词shakes。故填firmly。32 .考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知，本句为“the+比较级the+比较级”的用法。故填more。33 .考查动词。分析句子可知，time后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to relax。34 .考查主谓一致和一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，句子结构为主系表结构。主语为an exchange of business cards,系动词为 is。故填 is。35 .考查关系副词。分析句子可知，先行词为a country ,在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词 为 where o 故填 whereoIts only been one month since Dean LaBarba 36. (graduate) from medical school-but he wasn't expecting to have started his life-saving career so soon.Last month, LaBarba was37. a 12-hour flight from Zurich to Los Angeles with his wife when a female passenger38. (sit) close to them said that she didn't feel well . Before she could get up 39. (use) the restroom,she fell down .LaBarba40. (immediate) rushed to the woman's side, only to find that she didn*t have a pulse (脉 搏).With the help of another passenger,he had the woman lie across a row of4L (seat) so he could begin pushing her chest. After six pushes.42. started to wake up.LaBarba ,his wife,and the passenger 43. (move) to first class,where the newly-graduated doctor monitored her health.The passenger expressed her extreme gratitude toward LaBarba 44. happened to be the only doctor on board the 300-person flight that day. He said that 45. experience confirmed his "calling and desire to help people".【答案】36 . graduated37 . on38 . sitting 39. to use 40. immediately 41. seats42. she43. were moved44. who45. the/this【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个感人的故事。LaBarba刚从一学校毕业不到一个月，就在一次 乘坐飞机的旅途中拯救了一名女乘客的性命。36 .考查一般过去时。句意：自从Dean LaBarba从医学校毕业到现在只有一个月的时间。此处为since引导 的时间状语从句，从句中需要用一般过去时，故填graduated。37 .考查介词。句意:上个月LaBarba正和妻子乘坐航班由苏黎世飞往洛杉矶，这时一名坐在他们旁边的女 性乘客说她感觉不太好。be on a flight to飞往。故填on。38 .考查现在分词作定语。句意：上个月LaBarba正和妻子乘坐航班由苏黎世飞往洛杉矶，这时一名坐在他们旁边的女性乘客说她感觉不太好。a female passenger与sit构成主谓关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填 sitting o39 .考查不定式作目的状语。句意：她还没来得及起来去厕所，就摔倒了。根据句意可知此处去使用厕所是 站起来的目的。故填to use。40 .考查副词。句意：LaBarba立刻冲向那位女士旁边，结果发现她已经没有脉搏。此处为副词immediately 修饰动词 rushedo 故填 immediately。41 .考查名词单复数。句意：在另一为乘客的帮助之下，他让那位女士躺在一排座椅上。此处seat为可数名 词，且前面由a row of修饰。故填seats。42 .考查代词。句意：在按压胸部六次之后，那位女士醒过来了。此处应用代词she代指the woman。故填 she。43 .考查被动语态。句意：LaBarba,他的妻子和那位女乘客被转移到了头等舱。根据句意可知此处应用被 动语态，结合时态可知，应填were moved044 .考查定语从句。句意：那位女乘客向LaBarba表达了感激之情，LaBarba碰巧是飞机上唯一一名医生。 此处为who引导的定语从句修试先行词LaBarba,且在从句中做主语。故填who。45 .考查冠词/指示代词。句意：这次经历使他坚信了帮助别人的渴望。此处应使用定冠词the(或指示代词this) 强调特指。故填the/this。6Anna had a car accident when she was a teenager. She lost her arms because of that. What's worse, when she was twenty years old, she lost her parents. Her elder sister, 46. is ten years older than her, told her she'd take care of her. However, Anna refused 47. (live) with her. Instead, she said she would take care of 48. (she). She managed to enter college and 49. (study) very hard. Four 50. (year) later, she graduated and was offered work. Once she wrote in her diary, “I am quite lucky. 51. I lost my arms, I still have my legs." Anna lost her arms, but she chose to face it in a positive way. Instead of 52. (feel) sad every day, she decided not to let it hold her back. She has taught us 53. good lesson.When something bad happens to us, we have two 54. (choose). One is to complain, and the other is to face it 55. (brave). If we choose to escape, it will always follow us wherever we go. If we decided to be strong, new hopes will come. So choose wisely.【答案】46. who47. to live48. herself49. studied50. years51. Although52. feeling53. a54. choices55. bravely【解析】这是一篇记叙文。安娜十几岁的时候由于车祸失去了胳膊，二十岁的时候失去了父母。她的姐姐 要照顾她，她拒绝了，通过自己的努力进入了大学和找到了工作。通过安娜的故事，作者告诉我们当我们 遇到不好的事情时，我们要选择勇敢。46 .考查定语从从句的关系词。分析可知空格处引导定语从句，先行词为her elder sister指人，在定语从句 中做主语，故用Who引导这个定语从句。故填whOo47 .考查不定式。refuse to do为固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事、空格处要用不定式。故填t。live。48 .考查反身代词。句意：相反，她说她会照顾她自己。根据句意，这里要表达的是照顾“她自己”，故填反 身代词herselfo49 .考查时态。安娜学习努力这件事发生在过去，所以这里要用一般过去时，故填studied。50 .考查名词单复数。year为可数名词，且由four修饰，所以这里要用其复数形式，故填years。51 .考查连词。句意：尽管我失去了双臂，我还有双腿。I lost my arms和I still have my legs是两个完整的句 子，要用一个连词这两个句子，根据句意可知前后为转折关系，所以用although,故填Although。52 .考查动名词。Instead of为介词短语，后要接动词的动名词形式，故填feeling。53 .考查冠词。lesson为可数名词，且原文没有用复数形式，所以要用冠词修饰。这里要表达的是“一堂好 课“，是泛指，故用不定冠词a,故填a。54 .考查名词单复数。句意：当发生不好的事情时，我们有两个选择。空格处做have的宾语，结合句意这 里应该用所给词的名词choice, choice为可数名词且由two修饰，要用其复数形式,故填choices。55 .考查副词。空格处修饰动词face,要用副词修饰动词，故填bravely。7Over 70 years ago, countless ordinary Chinese stepped onto the battlefield to fight 56. our homeland in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, in 57. more than 197,000 compatriots gave their precious 58. (life).In that great era, 300.000-plus heroes such as Yang Gensi, Huang Jiguang and Qiu Shaoyun and 59. (near)6,000 meritorious(值得称赞的)collectives emerged(出现)in the volunteer army.When those heroes sacrificed(牺牲)60. (they), some were still very young. At that time, most of the volunteers 61. (bury)directly on the spot, except for a few who were transported back to the country for burial. For more than half a century, China has never forgotten 62. (it)heroes. Since 2014, China 63. (receive)eight batches of remains of 825 volunteers for eight consecutive years, 64. (express)respect and admiration for the sacrifices of these courageous individuals while remembering history. In this year, China has made enormous achievements in building a modem society in all respects, reflecting how China is becoming a stronger nation. In this journey, it is the countless heroes 65. have realized China's prosperity(繁荣)and strength.【答案】56 . for57 . which58 . lives59 . nearly 60. themselves 61. were buried 62. its63. has received64. expressing65. that/who【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抗美援朝战争中志愿军舍身为国的精神，以及为新中国的繁荣昌盛 做出的贡献，中国人们不会忘记他们。56 .考查介词。句意：70多年前，在抗美援朝战争中，无数普通中国人为了祖国走上战场，19万7千多同 胞献出了宝贵生命。结合句意可知表达“为而战”用fightfor。故填for。57 .考查定语从句。句意：70多年前，在抗美援朝战争中，无数普通中国人为了祖国走上战场，19万7千 多同胞献出了宝贵生命。分析可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 指物，应用关系代词 whicho故填 whicho58 .考查名词的数。句意：70多年前，在抗美援朝战争中，无数普通中国人为了祖国走上战场，19万7千多同胞献出了宝贵生命。life作“生命”讲时为可数名词，根据their可知用其复数形式。故填lives。59 .考查副词。句意：在那个伟大的时代，涌现了 30多万像杨根思、黄继光、邱少云那样的英雄和近6000 个功勋集体。结合句意表示“几乎，将近”应用副词nearly。故填nearly。60 .考查代词。句意：当那些英雄牺牲时，有的还很年轻。主语和宾语所指相同时，宾语要用反身代词。故 填 themselves o61 .考查时态和语态。句意：那时，大多数的志愿军直接埋葬在了战场，只有少数被运回祖国埋葬。空处为 句子谓语动词，根据时间状语at that time判断为一般过去时丁主语volunteers是复数，且和bury之间为被 动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were buried。62 .考查代词。句意：半个多世纪以来，中国从来没有忘记他的英雄们。修饰名词heroes应用形容词性物主 代词。故填its。63 .考查时态。句意:自2014年以来，中国连续八年收到了八批825名志愿者的遗体，在缅怀历史的同时， 对这些勇敢者的牺牲表示敬意和钦佩。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语since 2014可知，此处应用现在 完成时，主语China是单数，助动词用has。故填has receivedo64 .考查非谓语动词。句意：自2014年以来，中国连续八年收到了八批825名志愿者的遗体，在缅怀历史 的同时、对这些勇敢者的牺牲表示敬意和钦佩。句中已有谓语动词has received且无连词，故空处用非谓语 动词作状语，逻辑主语China和express之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填expressing。65 .考查强调句。句意：在此过程中，是无数的英雄实现了中国的繁荣和富强。去掉it is和设空处句子依然 完整，由此可知，此处考查强调句：it be+强调部分+that+其他(强调人可用who)。此处强调主语heroes, 可用 that 和 who。故填 that/whoo8Tayeb is studying literature at Beijing Language and Culture University. “66. (celebrate) the Spring Festival in China makes me love China even more." she said.On Thursday, Tayeb's university organized an event 67. foreign students could try their hands at making dumplings, a traditional food 68. (eat) during the festival. Tayeb said she liked this aspect of the festival most.69. dumplings, Chinese New Year is also a time for temple fairs, red lanterns, paper cuts, blessings of good fortune and ancestor worship.Bayomy, 70. Egyptian student at the same university, said she 71. (plan) to visit a temple fair in Chaoyang Park on Sunday. She was 72. (deep) impressed with the Spring Festival in 2017. She remembered how her classmate's father left out plates of food fbr their families9 ancestors.Like Chinese, many foreigners put couplets (对联)，Chinese characters wishing 73. good fortune, on their front doors.Marie, a British 74. (translate) in Beijing, 75. (send) a couplet by her Chinese friend on Thursday. She stuck them on the door of her apartment, took a photo of herself standing in front of it, and shared it with her parents in Britain. "These couplets are an expression of hope and contain the Chinese spirit of 'harmony'J said Marie.【答案】66. Celebrating67. where68. eaten69. Besides70. an71. planned72. deeply73. for74. translator75. was sent【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了三名外国留学生在中国过新年的情况。66 .考查动名词。句意：在中国过春节让我更爱中国了。分析句子可知，本句为动名词作主语，置于句首首 字母大写。故填Celebratingo67 .考查定语从句。句意：周四，塔耶布的大学组织了一项活动，让外国学生可以尝试亲手包饺子，饺子是 春节期间吃的一种传统食物。event为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 68.考查过去分词。句意：周四，塔耶布的大学组织了一项活动，让外国学生可以尝试亲手包饺子，饺子是 春节期间吃的一种传统食物。a traditional food与eat在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填 eaten。69 .考查介词。句意：除了饺子，农历新年也是举办庙会、红灯笼、剪纸、祈福和祭祖的日子。根据句意文 可知，表示“除了还”。所以空处填介词besides,置于句首，首字母大写。故填Besides。70 .考查冠词。句意：贝奥米是同一所大学的一名埃及留学生，她说她计划周日去朝阳区公园参加庙会。 student为可数名词，泛指“一名埃及留学生。且Egyptian首字母的发音为元音音素。故填an。71 .考查时态。句意：贝奥米是同一所大学的埃及留学生，她说她计划周日去朝阳区公园参加庙会。根据句 意以及“said”可知，在叙述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填planned。72 .考查副词。句意:2017年的春节给她留下了深刻的印象。副词deeply修饰impressed。故填deeply。73 .考查介词。句意：和中国人一样，许多外国人在他们的前门上贴春联，春联是祝愿好运的汉字。wish for sth“希望，祝愿故填for。74 .考查名词。句意：玛丽是一名在北京的英国翻译，周四她的中国朋友送给她一副对联。a后接单数名词， 根据句意表示职业的名词。故填translator。75 .考查时态和语态。句意：玛丽是一名在北京的英国翻译，周四她的中国朋友送给她一副对联。本句在叙 述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时，主语Marie与谓语send为被动关系，用被动语态。故填was sent。9Located in the Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace is 15 kilometers away from the downtown area. The Summer Palace, 76. is made up of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers. Being the 77. (large) and most well-preserved royal garden in China, it 78. (great) influences Chinese horticulture (园艺)and landscape 79. its famous natural views and cultural interests.Originally named Qingyi Yuan or the Garden of Clear Nipples, the Summer Palace was first built in 1750. It later became the main residence of royal members in 80. end of the Qing Dynasty. 81. , like most of the gardens in Beijing, the Summer Palace 82. (destroy) by fire. Then rebuilt in 1886, it was supposed to serve as a summer resort(避暑月生土也)for the Empress Dowager Cixi. After another hit by the Eight-power Alied Forces in 1900, the Summer Palace