(完整)非谓语动词用法总结.docx

非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之-O它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。一.非谓语动词区别简表doingdone含义主动被动主动或（正在）被动或完成同位或将进行成分（名词）主 语、宾语、 表语（不定式） 定语.状 语.补语（动名词）主 语、宾语、表 语、定语（表用 途）（现在分词） 定语.状语. 补语（过去分 词）作定语、 状语.补语. 表语（多表 状态）否定 (not) to ( not)doing (not)done do时态一般：to 一般：doingdo 进行：本身一般:done进行：无atrwatch , observefnotice , hear f listen to,feel)使让动词(have , get)以及其他类动词leave,keep , catchfset等.表示动作正在进行。 eg :I saw them playing games on the playground yesterdayoDon't leave him waiting outside the roomo4作表语现在分词作表语相当于形容词，常表示主语所具有的特征，含有主动意味。 大多数使动词的现在分词通常可作表语，常见的有:interesting , amusingrboring , tiring , pleasing , exciting,moving , disappointing , surpring,encouraging 等.eg:His story was very movingoThe speech is really boringo5作评注性状语或插入语可以作评注性状语或插入语，放在句子前面、中间或末尾。五.过去分词过去分词既有副词的特征又有动词的特征，在句中可作定语、状语.补语、 表语等成分。(1)作定语过去分词作定语，它和被修饰词之间是被动、完成关系，单个过去分词作 定语放在前，过去分词短语作定语放在后。其中及物动词的过去分词表示 完成或被动概念，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成概念,没有被动的意 味。eg:the risen sun = the sun which has risen©fallen leaves = leaves which has fallenThis is the house built several years agoo =This is the house which was built sveral years agoo(2)作状语过去分词在句中作状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间 是被动关系.它在句中可以作时间、条件.原因.方式.让步和伴随状语. eg:Tired outfthey stopped to have a rest.(原因)©Taken around the cityfwe were impressed by the city' s new look.Though warned of the danger , he still went skating on the thin iceo(3)作补语及物动词的过去分词作补语，和宾语之间构成被动关系。不及物动词的过 去分词作宾补表状态和完成。(1)可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词(五看二听一感觉)，使役动词 havefget, make 等,以及其他类动 keep,leave , likefwantfwish 等。eg:I can't get the car goingo1 had my leg broken last weeko(4)作表语过去分词作表语表示被动意义，主语常是人，一般用来表示感受和状态，可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：astonished ,delightedrdisappointedfexcited , experienced , exhausted,frightened,interested , puzzled , qualitied , satisfied ,upset等，有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成定短语.如：beinterested inrbe satisfied with ,be covered withfbe dressed infbe seated , be locked等。能用这些分词作表语的系动词有be,getfremain , stay 等。eg :The door remained lockedoWe were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech.六.非谓语动词的独立结构非谓语动词的独立结构为“名词或代词+非谓语动词"或"with +名词/ 代词+非谓语动词在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子(即：非谓 语动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，须保留之后所构成的结构)。可放在 句首或句尾。(-)名词或代词+非谓语动词(1)名词/代词+不定式名词或代词通常为动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系，可位 于句首或句末。eg : He will send me $ 100 firstfthe rest to follow in a yearo(2)名词/代词+现在分词名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑 上的主谓关系。eg：Time permiting , we finish the worko(表条件) ©Spring coming on , the trees turns green.(表时间)(3)名词/代词+过去分词名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者.与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表关系。eg : The sigal given , the bus startedoTheir strength exhausted , they sank down one by one.（表原因）（二）with +名词/代词+非谓语动词（1） with +名词/代词+不定式不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作尚未发生.eg:With nothing to do , they went out for a walko（表原因）（2 ） with +名词/代词+现在分词宾语和动词ing之间是主动关系，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发 生。eg : The boy slept with the light burning.（表伴随）（3） with +名词/代词+过去分词不定式和宾语之间是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。eg : They stayed inside with the door lockedo（表伴随）七.非谓语动词的区别问题（-）动词后接to do不定式还是动名词（1 ）只能接to do不定式的动词有：wantrwishrhope , long,expectrdesire,intend,decide f ask , promise , aim , offerfagree , plan , learnrchoose,refuse , fail , manage , pretend 等。（2 ）常只用动名词作宾语的动词有：admitfavoid f appreciate , consider （考虑）dislike , enjoy , escapefexcuse , finish , imaginefkeep , mind , miss（错过），practise , riskfresistfsuggest等.(3 )动词后二者都可跟，意义不同的有:forget to do sth forget doing sth regret to do sth regret doing sth go on to do sth go on doing sth stop to do sth stop doing sth try to do sth try doing sth mean to do sth忘记要做某事忘记做过某事后悔要做某事后悔做过某事接着做另外一件事接着做同一件事停下来开始做某事停止做某事尽力做某事试着做某事打算(意欲，企图)做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事can't help (to) do sth不能帮忙做某事(4)动词can' t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事后二者都可跟，意义相同的有：begin,start,like f love , preferfhate 等.但是区别在于:后接动名词时表示经常性的动作，后接不定式时表示的 是具体的特定的动作。eg : I like playing footballfbut I don' t like play now.重点提示：在下列情况下begin和start后只接不定式：I .主语是物不是人.eg : Spring came on and the snow began to meltoeg:Itr s begin toII .二者用于进行时 rainom.二者后接表示心理活动或状态的动词。eg : Ibegan to realize how stupid I was.IVO二者后接不定式的被动式。eg :The new typeof computer began to be developed in the 1980's.(二)''感官动词+宾语+宾补(t。do sth/doing sth)"的区别感官动词+宾语+宾补(to do sth )表示事实或全过程感官动词+宾语+宾补(doing sth )表示片段或进行eg:The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground just now.(三)个别使让动词+宾语+宾补的特别词的用法1) have +宾语+宾补have +宾语+ d。让做某事”，不定式作宾补可以指现在、将来或 可能发生的动作。eg : ©They had me repeat the messageo1 won' t have you say such thingso1 won' t have you blame it on meohave +宾语+ doing 让一直做某事，现在分词作宾补可以表示主语 有意让别人去做或无意引起某人可能去做或表示遭遇。eg : ©Torn tried to have her talking。But no useoI won' t have you speaking to your parents like that.(注:have +宾语+ doing用于否定句,have有容忍之意。)（5）Why should we have the boy standing in the corner the whole morningohave +宾语+ done 让被做过去分词作宾补可表示主语有意识的 行为或表示遭遇,经历（动作违背主语的意愿）eg : We ought to have her examined by a doctoroThe old woman had her handbag stolen.2）get +宾语+宾补get +宾语+ to do（ = have +宾语+ do） 让做某事有时则是“说 服或劝说某人做某事）the bookoeg : I will get the publisher to illustrate（加上插 get +宾语+ doing ”使（静的物体）动起来，具有进行含义。eg:I shall soon get the machine workingo3 ）get +宾语+ done 让被做”用法与have +宾语+ done基本相同。eg : He got his wrist brokeno习题练习：1.（2009 全国 I）Now that wer ve discussed our problemfare pople happy with the decisionsAla kingBo take C>takenDo to take2O （2009 全国 I） The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.Ao looked atBo to look at Co to looking atD.look at3O （2009 全国IE ）They use computers to keep the traffic. smoothly.Ao being runB.runCo torunDo running4O （ 2009 北京）For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own farm.Ao grownBo being grown C.to begrownDo to grow5 . （2009 北京）twice f the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. Ao Being bittenB.Bitten C.Having bittenD.To be bitten6 .（ 2009 湖南）Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it oAo reusingBo reused C.reusesD.to be reusedto the Famen Temple and7 .（2009 陕西）1 still remember what I saw there.Ao to takeB.to be taken C.takingDo being taken8O（2009 重庆）Michael' s new house is like a huge palace , with his old oneoA.comparingBo compares Co tocompareDo compared9O （2009 重庆）With the world changing fast,we have something new with all by ourselves every day.Ao dealB.dealtCo to deal0.dealing 10.（2009 山东）We are invited to a party in our clubnext Fridayo A.to be heldB.held Co being heldDo holding 11.（2009 福建）not to miss the flight at 15 : 20,the manager got out for the airport in a hurryo Ao RemindingB.RemindedCo To remindDo Having reminded 12o（ 2009 福建）In April,2009fPresident Hu inspectd thewarships in Qingdao ,the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. Ao markingB.marked C.having markedDo being marked 13.（2009 安徽 JThe play next month aims mainly to reflectthe local culture. Ao producedB.being produed Co to beproduced Do having been produced14. （ 2009 天津）by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land。Ao Being encouraged B.Encouraging C.Encouraged Do Having encouraged 15. （2009 天津）the project in time , the staff were working at weekendsoAo CompletingBo Having completed C.To havecompleted D.To complete 16o （ 2009 辽宁）When we visited my old family homefmemory came back.A.floodingB.to flood C o floodDo flooded 17. （2009 辽宁）,you need to give all you have and try your besto A.Being a winner Bo To be a winner C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner 18o（ 2009 江苏）Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers , almost three times the number hired last yearf reduce unemployment pressureso Ao helpB.to have helped Co to helpDo having helped 19o（ 2009 浙江）There is a great deal of evidence that进行：to be doing 完成：to have done完成：having done（只作状语）完成：本身语态一般被 动:to be done进行被动： to be being done完成被动： to have been done一般被 动 :being done进行被动： being done 完成被动： having been done本身作用作目的状 语、条件状 语、原因状 语、结果状语作时间状语.条件状语.原 因状语.结果 状语.方式状 语、伴随状语. 让步状语作时间状 语.条件状 语.原因状 语.方式状 语伴随状 语.让步状语music activities engage different parts of the brains.Ao indicateB.indicating C.to indicateDo to be indicating20o (2009 浙江)f the pay isn' t attractive enoughfthough the job itself is quite interesting.Ao Generally speaking Bo On the contrary Co In particular D.To be honest21.(2009Jll )He told us whethera picnic was stillunder discussion.Ao to have D.hadBo having Cehave22. ( 2009 四川)Ladies and gentlemenfplease remain before the plane has come to a complete stopo AeseatedBo seating C.to seatDeat 23O (2009JH)many timesfhe finallyunderstood.Ao ToldBo Telling C.Having toldD.Having been told24O (2009 JIE)the right kind of training f these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.A.Giving DeGivenBo Having given C.To give25O (2009 江西)The government plans to bring in new laws parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A.forcedB.forcing Co to be forcedDo having forced26.（2008 全国 I） I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good oAo to be breathedB.to breathe Co breathingDo being breathed 27 .（ 2008 江苏）一They are quietfarenr t they?Yeso They are accustomed at meals.Ao to talkB.to not talk Co to talkingD.to not talking28 o （2008 江苏）To learn English well , we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we canoAo speakB.speakingCo spokenD.to speak29. （ 2008 湖南）the project asplanned,wer II have to work two more hours a dayo A.CompletingBo Completed Co CompletedDo To complete30（ 2008 辽宁 JPIease remain;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A.seatingB.seatedCo to seatD.to be seated31.（2008 山东）Lucy' s new job paid twice as much as she had made in the restaurantAo working Do workedB.workC.to work32. （ 2008 上海）Something as simple assome coldwater may clear your mind and relieve pressure。Aeto drinkBedrinkingC.to bedrinking33. （2008 上海）IdeallyDo drunkfor Broadway the theatres and FifthAvenue fthe New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests.AJocatingBo being located Co having beenlocated Delocated 34.（ 2008 浙江）that he was in great dangerfEric walked deeper into the forestoAo Not realized Bo Not to realize C.Not realizing Do Not to have realize35X 2008 陕西）around the Water Cube fwe were then takento see the Bird' s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.AeHaving shownB.To be shown CHavingbeen shownDo To show 36O （2008 福建）in the queue for half an hourfthe old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the canA.WaitingBo To wait Co Having waitedDo To have waited37. （2008 福建）Can those at the back of the classroom hear meoB.sit C.seatedAo seatD.sat答案解析：lo c本题主要考查 with +名词/代词+过去分词的用法。不定式和 宾语之间是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。2。B本题主要考查“不定式作状语.不定式作状语主要是表示的.条件、原因和结果，可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。3。D本题主要考查现在分词作补语二后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词 有感官动词(五看二听一感觉see , look at, watchfobserve , notice/hearjisten to/feel)使让动词(have,get)以及其他类动词 leavefkeep , catch , set等。表示动作正在进行。4O A本题主要考直过去分词作定语二过去分词短语作定语放在后，表示 完成或被动概念。5。B本题主要考查过去分词作状语.过去分词在句中作状语，说明动 作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因状 语。6.D本题主要考查“不定式作形式宾语二不定式较长时，作宾语，可用it 代替，放在后面。7。D本题主要考查只用动名词作宾语工常只用动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,avoid appreciate ,consider（考虑）dislike renjoyrescape , excuse , finish , imagine,keep , mind,miss , practise ,risk f resist, su-ggest 等。8 .D本题主要考查过去分词作状语.过去分词在句中作状语，说明动 作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作方式状 语。9 .C本题主要考查不定式作定语。不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词 或代词后。不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。10 .A本题主要考查不定式作定语。不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词 或代词后。不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。llo B本题主要考直“过去分词作状语。过去分词在句中作状语，说明 动作发生的背景或情况.它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因 状语。12。A本题主要考直现在分词作状语二动词ing或其短语作状语时， 作伴随状语。13。C本题主要考直“不定式作后置定语。不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。表目的或将来。14 . C本题主要考查过去分词作状语。过去分词在句中作状语，说明 动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因 状语。15 .D本题主要考查“不定式作状语.不定式作状语主要是表示目的。可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。16 .A本题主要考查”现在分词作状语:动词一ing或其短语作状语时,作伴随状语。17.B本题主要考查“不定式作状语。不定式作状语表示目的.可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开.18.C （同 17 题）19。B本题主要考直现在分词作定语。现在分词短语作定语，放在所修 饰词的后面。动词一ing作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系，表示动作正 在同时进行或经常性发生。20 .D本题主要考查不定式作评注性状语或插入语。不定式可以作评注 性状语或插入语，放在句子前面、中间或末尾.常见的有to be frank , to be honest, to tell the truth , to begin with , to start withfto be short 等。21 .A本题主要考查不定式作主语。不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的.22 .A本题主要考查过去分词作表语:过去分词作表语表示被动意义, 主语常是人，一般用来表示感受和状态，可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有 astonishedfdelightedrdisappointed , excitedfexperienced , exhausted rfrightened ,interested ,puzzled ,qualitiedrsatisfied , interested in,be satisfied with , be covered with , be dressed infbe seated , be locked等.能用这些分词作表语的系动词有befget, remainfstay 等.upset等，有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成定短语。如:be23 .D本题主要考查“过去分词作状语。过去分词在句中作状语，说明 动作发生的背景或情况.它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中可以作 时间、条件.原因、方式、让步和伴随状语.24O D本题主要考查过去分词作状语。过去分词在句中作状语，说明 动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作条件 状语。25.B本题主要考直现在分词作定语.现在分词作短语作定语，放在所修饰词的后面，与被修饰词之间为主谓关系，表示动作正在同时进行或经 常性发生.26。B本题主要考查动词不定式可作形容词的补足语。动词不定式可 作形容词的补足语，句型为：主语+系动词+表语（adj为 convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasent 等）+ to do.（注:to do常用主动表被动，其中do为vt,主语为to do 的宾语。）27O D本题主要考查“动名词否定形式，须在其前面加not。28.C本题主要考查现在分词作补语现在分词作补语表示动作正在进 行，宾语与作补语的现在分词之间是主动关系。后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词（五看二听一感觉seejookat,watchfobserve , notice , hear , listen to,feel)使让动词(have , get)以及其他类动词leave f keep , catch , set等。表示动作正在进 行。29O D本题主要考查“不定式作状语:不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果，可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔开。30.B本题主要考查过去分词作表语。过去分词作表语表示被动意义, 主语常是人，一般用来表示感受和状态，可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有:astonishedfdelightedfdisappointed f excitedfexperienced , exhausted f frightenedjnterested ,puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset等眉些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成定短语。如：be interested infbe satisfied withrbe covered with , be dressed inrbe seated , be locked 等。能用这些分词作表语 的系动词有 be , get f remain , stay 等。31.A本题主要考查现在分词作时间状语。动词-ing或其短语作状语时，可以表示时间、条件.原因.结果、让步.方式、伴随等。表示时间 关系的动词ing短语可由连词while或when引出。32。B本题主要考查现在分词作时间状语。现在分词或其短语作状语 时，可以表示时间、条件、原因.结果、让步.方式、伴随等.表示时间 关系的动词-ing短语可由连词while或when引出.33。D本题主要考查过去分词作原因状语。过去分词在句中作状语， 说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系.它在句中可 以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步和伴随状语。34.C本题主要考查现在分词作状语。现在分词或其短语作状语时，可以表示时间、条件.原因、结果.让步、方式、伴随等。35。C （同 34 ）36.C （同 34）37。C本题主要考直过去分词作定语。过去分词作定语,它和被修饰词 之间是被动、完成关系，单个过去分词作定语放在前，过去分词短语作定 语放在后。二.不定式的用法不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）.状语或补足语。高考 对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态.语态、作用、否定、省略.连词+ 不定式等。作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或的.eg : To say is a thing , to do is anothero（说是一回事，做是另外一回事。）（2 ）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。eg:It is important to learn English wello（学好英语是重要的。） It is necessary for us to do the job well.（我们做好这项工作是必要的。）It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.（被邀请 在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。）2。作宾语（1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wishfhopeflongfexpect, desire ,intend fdec