高中英语教学：高中英语常见熟词生义.docx

英语考试说明附录中部分熟词生义词学习一览表序号单词熟义生义学习要点1across横过；越过1、到、在对面 (adv/prep)He lives across the sircci.他住在街对面。the house across the street 街道对面的房 f2、宽(adv)The river is 50 metres across.河宽 50 米。The tree measures 50 cm across.2add增加，加起来接着说， 补充说I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.我还要补充 说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。3address地址:住址(n)1、演说；正式讲演an address of welcome 欢迎词2、对讲演或发表演 说(VI)address a meeting向大会发表演说 address the whole nation向全国发表演说 addressed me in low tones.低声.与我交谈3、称呼：用特殊的 头衔称呼How shall I address you?我应当怎样称呼您呢? Don't address me as 'boss.不要叫我“老板”。4、写姓名地址(vt)address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq.信封上写着杰克约 翰逊先生收。4admit承认1、准许进入This ticket admits two people to the football match.这张票可供两人入 场看足球赛。be admitted to /into Beijing University被北京大学录取2、接容纳;容许The cinema admits aboul 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 200()人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.这些规章制度 不容许有其他解释。His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。5afford担负得起费用抽得出(时间)He can't afford an hour for lunch.他抽不出一小时吃午饭 I can't afford three weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。6against反对，逆者，倚靠着，1、与成对照against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照；The picture looks better against the light wall.这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。2、防备：防御against the cold 防冷 against a rainy day 防备雨天 We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。be prepared against war and natural disasters 备战备荒7air空气，天空1、发表(意见等)air one's views 发表意见使通风，使通气She aired the room by opening the window.她打开窗子使房间通风。8allow允许，准许给予：使得到allowed him £ 1000 for expenses 给他每年1000英镑的开销容许(of)allow of no excuse 不容辩解 The situations allow of no excuse.形势不 容许拖延；形势刻不容缓。用意（V）He means ill /well to me.他对我怀有好意/恶意.关系重大;重要My friends mean a lot to me.我的朋友对我来说非常重要。方法、手段（means, 单复数同形）Every means has been tried. All means have been tried.by means of .； by this / these means1、be meant to 必须；得要 You are meant to leave a tip.你得用下小费。2、by all means当然：当然可以3、by no means并没有:绝不：By no means should this remark beaken lightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲 视之58measure尺寸，量度的单 位；量具；量器； 测量，1、措施：办法They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.他们对危害公众 的司机采取强硬的措施。lake measures io do sih / about sth2、斟酌，权衡She works hard and doesn't measure the cost to her health.她工作勤恳 并不考虑身体代价。He measures his words with caution.他仔细斟酌着字句The room measures five metres across. 这房间有五米宽。be measured in feet 用英尺量 make sth to one's own measure59inonitor班长监听器，监视器，监 控器；计显示器air monitor空气监测器.监控（V）monitor an examination 监考 monitor the enemy's radio broadcasts 监听 敌方的电台广播60must必须 肯定必需的东西；必须 做的事warm clothes arc a must in the mountains. fill1里必须备有心衣服。61nail指甲，钉，钉子vt.钉,将.钉牢He nailed the picture to the wall. 把画钉在墙上。62narrow狭窄的；狭隘的 vi变窄vt.使变狭 窄，使缩小勉强的；险胜的a narrow victory 险胜a narrow escape死里逃生/侥幸逃脱63nature自然，自然界本性，天性；特性good nature好心肠，温和的性格.好脾气human nature人性64note笔记；记录 注释；短笺；便 条；纸币：钞票； 音调；音符 口气：调子记卜The pupil noted what the teacher said. 学生记下了老师的话。注意（到）Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.请注意这张账单 必须在10天之内付清。名望，显要a man of note有名望的人、名人补充：noted adj.著名的compare notes交流经验:交换意见of note 著名的；市要的compare notes交换意见；对笔记65object物体，目标，宾 语，对象反对（与to连用）strongly object to developing private cars.强烈反对发展私人小汽车。object (o the proposal.反对这个提议。The general public objects to the use of drugs.大众反对使用毒品。66operate动手术，开刀 (operate on sb/ sth)操作operate a computer / machine（机器）工作、运转The lift doesn't operate properly.67order命令；吩咐：次 序；秩序：整齐， 有条不紊定购;预定order sth by mailorder books by telephoneYou'd better order a taxi.你最好还是去预定一辆出租汽车。点（菜）;叫（菜） 正常（工作）状态，Whal drinks shall wc order?我们叫什么饮料？The telephone's out of order.电话机坏了。 in (good) order68owe欠，欠债1、感恩：感激Wc owe our parents a lol.我们十分感激父母。I owe you for your help. 我感谢你的帮助。2、（常与to连用）归 功于She owes her success to good hick.她把成功归功于幸运° The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。3次钱The food cost £4 , but I only paid £ 3 so I still owe £ 1.食品要 4 英 镑，可我只付了 3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。I owe you an apology.我该向你道歉。owe sb. some money69park1、停放（车辆）：停 车Please park your car in the parking lot and hike in.”请把车停在外面停 车场,步行进去。"No permission to park!不准停车!No parking here.此处禁止停车。2、停车场car park停（汽）车处3、区，地区industrial park工业区（般在郊区）7()passage（演讲、文章、 音乐等的）一节，一段1、通行：通过The wooden bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of lorries. ”这座木桥不够坚固，载重货车不能通行。2、（狭窄的）通道： 走廊wait in the passage 在走廊等候air passage气路,空气道71perform表演；演（剧）履行，执行，完成perform one's duties/promise/contract 履行职责/诺言/合同perform a task完成/执行项任务表现He performs well.他表现很好。72picnic（自带食品的）野 餐，郊游去郊游，去野餐My family often picnicked in the woods last year.(注意 picnic 的过去式 与过去分词以及现在分词的构成：picnicked/ picnicking)73picture.画，图画，照片1、想象I can'l picture myself as a mo【her.我无法想象自己做母亲。She pictured herself at school in a foreign country.她想象自己在国外上学。 It is hard to picture life 200 years ago.很难想象200年前人们的生活。2、（生动地）描绘、 描述picture one's suffering during the war 生动描述了战争中的苦难。74plain平原；旷野1、平坦的the plain field 平野2、简单的、朴素的the plain food/meal/living/clothes 清淡的食物/便饭/朴素的生活/便服3、清楚的：明白的in plain English讲简单的英语4、坦率的；实话实 说的in plain words坦白地说 plain talk.开诚布公的交谈75plant植物：种植工厂chemical plant 化工厂 power plant 发电厂ship-building plant 造船厂76post邮寄，邮政；投寄；邮报贴出;张贴（常与up 连用）The names of the members of the team will be posted up today. 队员名 单将于今天张榜公布。柱子、桩子a row of fence posts 一排篱笆桩岗位、职务、哨所leave /quit one's post 离开岗位 stick to one's post 坚守岗位77practice练习；实践（n /V）作为该意义的名 词是不可数）惯例，习惯做法a common practice 通常做法an international practice 国际惯例习惯it was the practice这就是当时的习惯the practice of going to bed late 晚睡的才惯 the practice to do sth做某事的习惯 make a practice of养成习惯78produc e生产，制造提出；拿出;出示to produce one's ticket 出手票 produce any proof of your nationality 出 示有关你国藉的任何证件导致；引起： 带来Hard work often produces good results. 努力工作经常会有好结果。产品：（总称）农产 品）George's jokes produced a great deal of laughter.乔治的笑话用起 了哄 堂大笑。The wine bottle was marked 'Produce of Spain/ 酒瓶标明"西班牙产 n ” IJH79promise允诺，答应（n/v）预示：预兆Early mist promises fair weather.晨雾预示好天气。（有）希望，（有） 前途（n/vi）a young player of great promise. 个很有前途的年轻演员 a research item that promises well大有前途的研究项目补充:promising有前途的80pronou nee发音宣称；宣告pronounce the picture to be a forgery.断言,这幅画是唐品。The priest pronounced them man and wife.神父宣布他们已结为夫妇。宣判pronounce sentence of death 宣判死刑The judge pronounced sentence on the prisoner.法官对囚犯宣告判决。81raise提高，提升（钱等的）筹募；筹 集raise funds筹集资金提出raise a question 提出问题饲养、种植、养育raise corn and soybeans.种玉米和大豆raise chickens and corn养鸡和种植玉蜀黍raise children.抚养孩子引起raise a laugh引起一阵大笑 raise doubts引起怀疑82reach到达（vt）；伸出（将身体的一部 分）联系I've been trying all day to reach him on the tclcphonc.(rcach=get through 1。)我整天都在打电话找他.（手/能力可及之）距 离、范围within reach of the shops 买东西很方便的地方 The ball was out of reach.我够不着这个球。within one's reach/ out of one's reach达成（结论、协议）reach an agreement 达成协议reach no conclusion没有得出结论延伸，达到（io, into）The speaker's voice didn't reach to the back of (he hall.讲演者的声音传 不到大厅的后座。The garden reaches down to the lake.花园一直延伸到湖边。流域the upper/lower reaches of a river 河的上游/下游83ready有准备的,准备 完毕的1、甘心的.情愿的He was ready to believe hei".他愿意相信她He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助他人。2、随时可有的，现 成的；在手边ready money /cash 现金 sleep with his sword ready 睡觉时把剑放在身 边84read读，朗读、阅读1、看懂，理解It's hard to read the expression on his face.难以理解他脸上的表情。How do you read the sentence?你怎样理解这句话?I can't read your short-hand notes.我看不懂你的速记符号。Read the clock 看钟 Read a map 看地图Read music识乐谱2、显示The thennometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.温度计显示华氏 80 度。85realize意识到；明白实现realize the modernization of their country.实现国家现代化。realized his lifelong ambition实现他毕生的理想86recognize认出；认识；辨 认承认；认可to recognize a new government 承认一个新政府 He recognized (hat he was beaten.他认输 了。87reduce减少小,轻; 缩减、降低（价格等）使处于某种状态；使 变成，使成为be reduced to a shadow 骨瘦如柴 be reduced to despair 陷入绝望 The poor woman is reduced to begging.那个可怜的女人已沦为乞丐。89refer谈涉,提及， 提到，指(的是)； 参考、查阅(与 to连用)1、提交，委托refer a question to an expert 把问题提交给专家（处理）The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers.商店把投诉转交给制造商。2、向打听(查询 (与t。连用)refer to sb. for information 向某人打听消息90regard把视为，看作；1、尊重，尊敬(v / n)regard sb. highly 尊重某人pay regard to public opinion 重视舆论out of regard for出于对的重视，出于对的考虑2、pl.问候，致意 (n)with best regards 谨致问候Please give my regards to your mother.请向你妈妈问候。注意:考纲中要求掌握：remember me io sb.代向某人问好91regular有规律的：定期 的，定时的：经 常的，习惯性的， 惯例的；3、美普通的Do you want king size cigarettes or regular size? 你要长枝的还是一般（长短）的香烟？keep regular hours过有规律的生活 a regular air service 定期航班 a regular customer 老生顾 a regular meeting 例会92relation关系1、亲戚；亲属；亲 属关系Some of my relations, my mother's aunt and uncle, live in America.我有 些亲戚，如我母亲的姑姑和叔叔，住在美国。93relative有关的，相关的1、相对的，相比较 的live in relative comfort 生活得较为舒适 the period of relative stability 相对稳定时期2、亲戚relative = relation补充：the facts relative to ihe problem 与此问题有美的事实94remain依然，仍然.:保持；(be s(ill)1、停留，留下remain in one's mind 留在记忆中 How many weeks will you remain （stay） here?你将在此停留几个星期?remain out呆在外面，留在户外 remain in呆在家里2、剩余，余留；Only a few trees remain.只留下了一些树He remains a teacher / weak . These mailers remain in doubl.这些事1W 仍然值得怀疑。A cure remains to be found.尚待发现的疗法It remains to be seen 还要看情况发展。it remains to be seen 尚待分晓 Nothing remains but to只要就行了注意：该词只有不及物用法，没 有被动;remaining（ adj.剩下的）95respect尊敬；尊重(v /n)1、皿撒意,问候give one's respects to 向.致候2、着眼点，方面I think you are wrong in every respecl .我觉得你各方面都错 。in ull respects （=in every respect）无论在哪方面哪一点来看,在各方面in many respects在许多方面3、重视，关心，考虑We must pay respect to the needs of the general reader 我们必须关心一 般读者的需要。96roll滚动,(使)摇摆， 卷起;轧碾；杆面 (v)roll up (he map.把地图卷起来。 She rolled the string into a ball. 她把线卷成一团。滚；摇摆，卷状物；卷(学校、军队等的)点名簿;名单He rolled himself from side to side.他左右摇晃。a roll of film一卷电影胶片 call the roll 点名siudcnt roll 学生名册 The thunder rolled in the distance.远处雷声隆隆。(隆隆地响)a roll of thunder 隆隆的雷声 rock-and-rolln.摇滚乐，摇滚舞97rush猛冲，奔跑，快 速移动或行 动;(V)急忙：仓促(n)仓促；匆忙 冒失地做： 仓促完成，赶紧做(v)rushed completion of the project.仓促完成这个项目 rush headlong (轻 率地)into marriage.仓促轻率地结了婚。rush to make a decision 仓促做决定催促(V)Don't rush me.别催我。An ambulance rushed her to the hospital. 救护车把它急匆匆地送到医院蜂拥、急切而焦急地 到或离开某个地方 (n)a rush to the goldfields.淘金热gold rush淘金热抢购、急需(n)抢购热潮Christmas rush圣诞行抢购热潮 a rush for gold coins.抢购金币忙碌、普遍的繁忙或 忙碌(n)The office always operates in a rush.办公室的工作总是很繁忙The (raffic on the streets during the rush hours came lo a standstill.高峰期间马路上的交通车辆处于停止状态1、rush sb. off his feet逼迫人忙得不亦乐乎2、rush out 赶制出 They rushed out 1000 copies of the book.他们赶印 出1000册书。3、I don't like the rush of modern life.我不喜欢快节奏的现代生活。98save挽救,.解救节省，储蓄 保存，保全，保留，1,免除，避免save me much trouble免去我很多麻烦 saved the tourist from being cheated使旅游者免于受骗save sb. from 从救出某人，使免于不致，不受.save one's face 保全面子 save one's neck 明哲保身 She saves (vi) in every way she can她在各方面尽量节省。(God)save us!(表示惊讶)天啊！ save (one's) breath别白费劲儿。99seat座，座位(n) 使就座1.(桌子)有座位： (屋子)可容纳若干人：为提供座位The big table can seat 20 guests.The hall can only seat less than 100 people.We can seat 300 in the auditorium.我们这个礼堂可容纳三百人2、使或帮助坐下； 给安排座位seat the members of the bride's family.引座员会引导新娘的家人就座seal me in （he back row.给我在后排提供一个座位。seal oneself ; be seated ; find sb. scaled at the back of ihc room； the people seated in the front注意seat的用法，该词为及物动词。考试说明中有要求掌握：be seated.100seek寻找，寻求（常与 for/ after 连用） 企图，试图；图 谋求得请求，征求I will seek my doctor's advice.我将请教医生的意见。seek directions from a police officer.向警官询问方向补充：Seek and you will find.找找，你就会发现 seek shelter from rain寻找避雨的地方seeking information;查询信息 He sought to make peace,他企图讲和。 seek to do good.试图行善 seek help 求助注意seek的过去式和过去分词sought;101sense官能，感觉感1、意义（n）in a sense在某一方面：就某种意义来说 make sense有意义；意思清楚：有道理 make sense of理解；懂；明白2、感觉;觉察，意识 到（V）He sensed that his proposals were unwelcome.他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。The dog sensed Ihat I was afraid.这只狗感 觉到我害怕了。Sense the danger察觉到危险a high sense of responsibility lo ihc revolution 高度的革命责任感common sense常识理 There is a lot of sense in what he says.他的话颇有道理。102sentence句子判决，宣判（v/n） 刑罚（n）sentence sb. to death 判处某人死刑 sentence sb. to 5 years in prison 判 处某人5年徒刑under sentence of death被判处死刑serve one's sentence 服刑 capital sentence 极刑,死刑a life sentence 无期徒刑，终身监禁 He received a heavy sentence.他受 到很重的刑罚。103serve服务（vt）,服役（Vi）1、提供，准备（如 食物）：serve breakfast 供应早餐2、可做：适于This box will serve ibr a seal.这箱子可当作座椅。This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.这个平台将用作港口 和火车 站。3、上（菜）;斟（酒）serve coffee hot把咖啡趁热端上来 serve tea.上茶4、担任职务serve as an inteqreter 担任译员It serves him right.他活该。serve the people heart and soul 全心全意地 为人民服务104service服役；服务1、公职部门；政府 部门；服务机构China Travel Service 中国旅行社 The US Customs Service 美国海关总 署 the security service 保安部2、仪式；宗教仪式Morning service will be at 11 o'clock.早礼拜将在11点进行。3、公共设施 服务行业the telephone service 电话设施The train service to the capital is very good.去首都的火车服务设施非 常好。Service station （美）加油站on active service 服现役at your service听您吩咐;随时供您使用do sb. a service给某人帮忙105settle解决,(使)定居使平静，使镇定稳定settle （oneself） down to work 安下心来工作停留，停息The bird settled on the wire.鸟停在电线上。106sharp锐利的，尖的； (目光)敏锐的； (思维)敏捷的； (言词)尖刻的准时地；整(adv)at seven o'clock sharp 七点整突然的；急剧的a sharp turn to the left 向左急转 a sharp decline 急剧下降 a sharp turn 急转弯a sharp pain.剧痛a sharp picture清晰图像补充：be sharp in thought 思维敏捷。"107shoulde r肩,肩部用肩抗；肩负，承当shoulder （he heavy boxes 肩抗重盒shoulder the responsibility 承担责任用肩推，挤shoulder people aside用肩膀把人挤开 shoulder one's way through the crowd 用肩从人群中挤过补充：shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩108sign标记，符号，牌 子,告示；征兆， 迹象：签名；签署1、身势，姿势；信号(n)He made a sign for me to follow him. 他向我示意跟着他（走）。2、做手势示意(vi / vt)He signed io /fbr me to be quiet.He signed me to be quiet.他做手势要我安静。There are no signs of life about the house.这房子没有有人住的迹象。 sign in 签到 sign out 签名登记外出 sign up for military service 报名从 军sign up for a pottery course.报名参加陶器制作课程109solid固体，立体(n). 固体的，实心的， 坚固的，结实的， 立体的(adj)不间断的：连续的two solid hours足足两个小时真实的，可靠的，理 由充分的a solid friend可靠的朋友solid argumenls理由充分的论点110sortn.种类，类别分类，拣选:整理"Sort out these papers and fasten them together with a clip, please.”请 把这些文件整理一下，用夹子夹在一起。”补充：有几分：有点：相当(Somewhat; raiher)I sort of expected it.我料到几分了。He is sort of disappointed.他有点失望。111sound声音(n)听起来(vi)使发声响吹号命令通知，庆 祝,吹号sound a horn 吹号角sound the alarm 发警报完好的；健全的A sound mind in a sound body.健全的精神寓于健全的身体。get home