广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末统考英语试题.docx

广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末统考英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、阅读理解When places arc well-known and popular historical and modern alike we might take it fbr granted that they'll be around forever. But sadly, many of the world's best known and culturally significant landmarks are in trouble.Mount Kilimanjaro's peakThis mountain, one of the Seven Summits, proves that even giants can fall to climate change due to the vast amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. While the mountain itself located in Tanzania, isn't in clanger at present, its iconic snow cap might disappearand shockingly soon. Research found that the snow cap had lost 85% of the total area of its ice fields between 1912 and 2(X)7, and the remaining ice could be history as early as 2030.Machu PicchuLocated in southern Peru, Machu Picchu is the remains of a huge stone castle (hat was built during the 15th century. These unbelievable Incan ruins are widely considered one of the must-see spots in South America. However, the site has been a victim of over-tourism, seeing the harmful effects of the crowds it gets as they wear down the structures. In addition, the area surrounding Machu Picchu has seen rapid development of the cities, as well as mudslides and fires, in recent years, leading UNESCO to work fbr its protection.Everglades National ParkThis stunning Floridian wildlife reserve has sadly found itself fighting for its life in recent years. As 'the largest subtropical wilderness reserve' in North America, according to UNESCO, it's been a beloved travel destination fbr American citizens fbr decades, but the damage of time and human activity have not been kind to it. Its survival first came into question after it was destroyed by Hurricane Andrew in 1993. But it's human influence that has become (he primary threat, as water flow to the site has decreased and the impacts of pollution have increased, resulting in harmful algal blooms (赤;朝).Its vast, diverse wildlife is more threatened than ever before.B. Take medicine to regain your brain cells.C. Take part in physical and mental activities.D. Build up a completely new cognitive region.14. Which of the situation warns us to see a doctor?A. John doesn't know how to operate a new printer.B. Anne has forgotten her usual way to the park near home.C. Jack can't remember the name of an actor in a soup opera.D. Ammy is conflised with her friends' addresses occasionally.15. What is the best title of the text?A. What Causes Memory LossB. Have You Lost Thinking AbilityC. How Does Brain Booster WorkD. Have You Really Got Dementia【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D【导语】本文为一篇说明文。失去思考和记忆能力是可怕的，但与年龄相关的记忆丧失 与痴呆症的症状有明显区别。大脑衰老会导致记忆力减退，但不必恐慌，可以通过增强 认知储备、保持大脑和身体活跃来预防记忆力减退。12 .细节理解题。根据第三段“The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink （萎缩）,especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels （血管）narrow.（大脑和身体其他部分 一样会衰老。某些部分会萎缩，尤其是大脑中对学习、记忆和计划很重要的区域。脑细 胞的变化会影响大脑不同区域之间的交流。当血管变窄时，血流量也会减少）“可知，老 年人经常经历记忆力减退是因为大脑中与学习、记忆和计划相关的区域随年龄增长而衰 老萎缩变小了，这些与年龄相关的变化会导致记忆人名、人物、地点和事物的困难。故 选A项。13 .细节理解题。根据最后一段“'Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways J he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also gel physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster （助推 器）.（他说：读书、看电影、培养新的爱好或活动，这些都能促使你以新颖的方式思考。 换句话说，让你的大脑保持忙碌和工作。锻炼身体，因为锻炼是众所周知的大脑助推器）” 可知，读书看电影等活动，以及身体锻炼，都可以促使大脑活跃，即我们能通过参加身 体和心智活动来对抗记忆丧失。故选C项。14 .推理判断题。根据第五段“When you forget entire experiences, he says, thafs 'a red flag that something more serious may be involved/ Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.（当你忘记整个经历时，他说, ，这是“一个危险信号，可能涉及更严重的事情。忘记如何操作一个熟悉的东西，比如微 波炉，或者忘记如何开车去你以前去过很多次的朋友家，也可能是出了问题的迹象。r 推知，Anne忘记了去家附近公园的惯常路线，这种危险信号提醒Anne要去看医生。 故选B项。15 .主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia （痴呆）increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. There arc pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related niemoiy loss.（失去思考和记忆的能力是相当可怕的。我们知 道患痴呆症的风险随着年龄的增长而增加。但如果你有记忆失误，你可能不必担心。痴 呆症的症状和与年龄相关的记忆丧失之间有相当明显的区别。户可知，文章主要介绍失 去思考和记忆能力是可怕的，但与年龄相关的记忆丧失与痴呆症的症状有明显区别。大 脑衰老会导致记忆力减退，但不必恐慌，可以通过增强认知储备、保持大脑和身体活跃 来预防记忆力减退。"Have You Really Got Dementia （你真的得了痴呆症吗）''作为文章标 题比较贴切，故选D项。二、七选五You Are a Better Person Than You Think You AreMaybe you haven't achieved goals in a self-appointed time frame. 16 But this doesn't mean you arc a bad person or a failure. You could indeed be a wondcrfiil individual. You could actually be a much better person than you believe you arc. So, let's examine the idea that you might be better than you think.You show kindnessBeing polite and kind is the mark of a good person. When you do this, you are treating others like you would want to be treated. 17 Even the smallest of things do not go unnoticed and are traits that you have a good heart.You are a positive personKeeping an optimistic attitude is also a trait of a good person with a powerful character.It is easy to become negative with all the bad things going on in the world, but there's another way to look at these things. When you're actually better than you think, you will have the habit of looking on the bright side of every situation and seeing the best in everyone. 1819Being wise is not about being intelligent. about learning from life experiences. Why does this make you a better person （han you think? Wisdom can be passed to others to help them avoid the same mistakes you made. You are a good person if you've collected wisdom and love to share lessons with others.So, go easy on yourself. Appreciate who you are. If there are things you need to change, that's okay. 20 It's about our attitude and our heart. I bet, if you took the time to read this, you are a better person than you think.A. You give honest comments.B. It's just all about showing optimism.C. Wc all have problems and imperfections.D. You are wise, and you share your wisdom.E. Maybe you have made many mistakes as well.F. Respecting others and their space shows adulthood, which is a sign of a truly good person.G. This may include opening doors for others or picking up change fbr people in front of you al the checkout line.【答案】16. E 17. G 18. B 19. D 20. C【导语】本文是篇说明文。你其实可以成为个比你认为的更好的人。文章介绍了 些想法让你比想象的更好。16 .根据上文提示“Maybe you haven't achieved goals in a self-appointed time frame.（也许 你没有在自己设定的时间框架内实现目标。）“，再根据下文提示“But this doesn't mean you arc a bad person ora failure.（但这并不意味着你是一个坏人或失败者。）”可知，每个 人都有不完美的一面，都会犯错。承接上下文，E项“Maybe you have made many mistakes as well."（也许你也犯了很多错误。）切题。故选E。17 .根据上文提示“Being polite and kind is the mark of a good person. When you do this, you are treating others like you would want to be treated.（礼貌和善良是一个好人的标志。 当你这样做的时候，你是在以你希望被对待的方式对待别人。）“再根据下文提示“Even the smallest of things do not go unnoticed and are traits that you have a good heart.（即使是 最小的事情也不会被忽视，这是你有一颗善良的心的特征。）“可知，小事也能展示你 的礼貌和善良。承接上下文,G 项“This may include opening doors for others or picking up change fbr people in front of you at the checkout line."（这可能包括为别人开门，或者在结 账时为排在你前面的人拿零钱。）切题。故选G。18 .根据上文提示“When you're actually better than you think, you will have the habit of looking on the bright side of every situation and seeing the best in everyone.（当你真的比 自 己想象的更好时，你就会养成习惯，看到每件事光明的一面，看到每个人最好的一面。）” 可知,我们要有乐观精神。承接上文,B项“I-s just all about showing optimism." （这一 切都是为了表现出乐观。）切题。故选B。19 .该空是小标题。根据卜文提示“Being wise is not about being intelligent. It,s about learning from life experiences. Why does this make you a better person than you think? Wisdom can be passed to others to help them avoid the same mistakes you made. You are a good person if you've collected wisdom and love to share lessons with others.（聪明并不意 味着聪明。它是关于从生活经验中学习。为什么这会让你成为一个比你想象的更好的人? 智慧可以传递给他人，帮助他们避免你犯过的同样的错误。如果你收集智慧并喜欢与他 人分享经验教训，你就是一个好人。）”可知，该段讲述的是要与人分享智慧。由此可知， D项“You are wise, and you share your wisdom.”（你很聪明,你分享你的智慧。）切题。 故选D。20 .根据上文提示“Appreciate who you arc. If there arc things you need to change, that's okay.（欣赏你自己。如果你有需要改变的地方，没关系。）”可知，你也会犯错误，也不 完美。承接上文，C项“We all have problems and imperfeclions."（我们都有问题和不完美 之处。）切题。故选C。三、完形填空There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although 21 gestures, the woman moved steadily （平稳地），and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as 22 as anyone else, as her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.The old woman left from her 23 son and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I 24 and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title written on a piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit difficult to understand. 25 a person looking for it knew something about movies, and had a special taste of it.Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could 26 it. I think I wanted to enjoy her 27 for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements 28 me of my own mother, who had passed away last year.We found the 29. and I praised her on her choice. She smiled and told me it wasone she had enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. "Maybe,“ she said, with a little bit 30、“he could enjoy it with hisown young children.nI showed the old woman the way to the queue at the cash register. When the older woman's 31 in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same 32 she'd displayed earlier.I walked over to the old woman's son and told him to 33 her, because when she's gone, it's the little moments that'll come back. It's tmc. I 34 my mom still and remembered the moments when I'd used tny impatience to make her 35.21.A. slowB. friendlyC. shamefulD.graceful22.A. prettyB. delightedC. painfulD.good23.A. busyB. impatientC. delightfulD.helpful24.A. stood upB. stepped backC. walked overD.went around25.A. ClearlyB. GenerallyC. EventuallyD.Frequently26.A. hearB. writeC. findD.choose27.A. praiseB. companyC. movementD.literature28.A. informedB. warnedC. freedD.reminded29.A. movieB. songC. choiceD.title30.A. anxietyB. sadnessC. prideD.determination31.A. opportunityB. rideC. changeD.turn32.A. tasteB. beautyC. surenessD.satisfaction33.A. treasureB. rewardC. benefitD.lend34.A. helpedB. thankedC. missedD.phoned35.A. strictB. upsetC. scaredD.unique【答案】21 . A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者看到一位老太太独自找DVD,令她想起了自己已故 的母亲，通过帮忙找电影DVD,享受到了老太太的陪伴，作者还提醒老太太的儿子， 对妈妈不要不耐烦，要珍惜和老母亲相互作陪的时间。21 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管动作缓慢，但这妇人移动稳定，没有丝亳犹豫。 A. slow缓慢的;B. friendly友好的；C. shameful可耻的;D. graceful优雅的。根据上文 “There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye.（老妇人的彳j：为 中有一些东西引起了我的注意）”，以及空前的Although,常用于连接两个相对矛盾的观 点或情况，此处描述对方是一个老太太，动作慢（slow）却稳，故选A项。22 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从她的动作可以看出，她和其他人一样健康。A. pretty 漂亮的；B. delighted高兴的；C. painful痛苦的；D. good健康的。根据上文“Although.1 gestures, the woman moved steadily （平稳地）,and there was no hesitation in hergestures尽管动作缓慢，但这妇人移动稳定，没有丝毫犹豫。）”可知，这位老太太尽管 年纪大了，但动作慢却稳，因此可以从举止看出老太太身体和别人一样很健康（good）。 故选D项。23 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老妇人离开了不耐烦的儿子，开始在最近的架子上翻 看 DVD。A. busy 忙碌的；B. impatient 不耐烦的；C. delightful 令人愉快的；D. helpful 乐于助人的。根据下文“I 14 my mom still and remembered the moments when I'd used my impatience to make her 15.（我仍然想念我的妈妈，想起我用我的不耐烦 让她难过的时候以及本句中 began （o lick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf 可知, 老太太此刻独自查看DVD,因为儿子对她很不耐烦（impatient）,所以离开儿子独自查 看DVD,跟作者当时对待母亲的态度一样，故选B项。24 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微犹豫了一下，我走过去问她能不能帮她找点什么。 A. stood up 站起来；B. stepped back 后退；C. walked over 走过去；D. went around 四处 走动。根据上文“There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. （老妇人的行为中有一些东西引起了我的注意。）”,以及“The old woman left from her3 son and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf.（老妇人离开了 急 躁的儿子，开始在最近的架子上翻看DVD。广可知，看见老太太的儿子很不耐烦，老 太太独自查看DVD,作者犹豫片刻，上前（walked over）提供帮助。故选C项。25 .考杳副词词义辨析。句意：显然，寻找它的人对电影有所了解，而且对电影有特殊 的品味。A. Clearly 显然;B. Generally -般;C. Evenlually 最终:D. Frequently 频繁地。 根据：文“The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title written on a piece of paper.The title was unusual and a bit difficult to understand.（那女人朝我笑了笑，给我看了 写在一 张纸上的电影名。这个电影名很不寻常，而且有点难以理解。）“，以及“She smiled and told me it was one she had enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. 'Maybe,' she said, with a little bit 10, 'he could enjoy it withhis own young children（她笑着告诉我，这是她在儿子这么大的时候喜欢的，她希望儿 子能像她一样喜欢。也许，她说，带着一点点渴望，他可以和自己的孩子一起享受。 可知，老太太有备而来，专门找个早年自己看过的电影的DVD,还特意把电影的名 字写了下来，Clearly符合语境。故选A项。26 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有急着去给那个妇人找DVD,而是让她和我一起 走，这样我就可以告诉她在哪里可以找到。A. hear听；B. write写；C. find找到；D. choose 选择。根据下文“I think I wanted to enjoy her 7 fbr a moment. Something about herdeliberate movements 8 me of my own mother, who had passed away last year.（我想我想享受一下她的陪伴。她刻意的动作让我想起了去年去世的母亲。广可知，作者由 这位老太太想到了自己的已故的母亲，所以想在老太太身边呆的久一点，所以没有急忙 去找来DVD,而是把老太太带到了这个电影的DVD所在的位置.，让她自己找（find）, 故选C项。27 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想我想享受一下她的陪伴。她从容的动作让我想起了 去年去世的母亲。A. praise 赞美；B. company 陪伴；C. movement 运动；D. literature 学。根据句意，作者由老太太想到了自己的已故的母亲，所以需要老太太的陪伴（company）,故选 B 项。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想我想享受一下她的陪伴。她从容的动作让我想起了 去年去世的母亲。A. informed通知；B. warned警告;C. freed释放；D. reminded使想 起。此处考查动词短语remindof.,意为“使想起”，根据后半句who had passedaway last year, 以及“ I 14 my mom still and remembered the moments when I'dused my impatience to make her 15.（我仍然想念我的母亲，想起我用我的不耐烦让她难过的那些时候。户可知，作者触景生情，想起了（reminded）自己的母亲。故选 D项。29 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们找到了这部电影，我赞扬了她的选择。A. movie电 影；B. song 歌曲；C. choice 选择；D. title 标题，名称。根据上文“The title was unusual and a bit difficult to understand.5 a person looking for it knew something about movies,and had a special lasle of it.（这个电影名很不寻常，而且有点难以理解。显然，寻找它的 人对电影有所了解，而且对这电影有特殊的品味。）“可知，movies为复现词，老太太找 的是一个电影DVD,故选A项。30 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：“也许，”她说，带着一点点渴望，“他可以和自己的孩 子一起享受。"A. anxiety 渴望，焦虑；B. sadness 悲伤；C. pride 骄傲；D. determination 决心。根据上文“She smiled and told me it was one she had enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had.（她微笑着告诉我，这是她在儿 子这个年纪时喜欢的，她希望他能像她一样喜欢它。）“，以及上文“The old woman left from her 3 son and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf.（老妇人离开了不耐烦的儿子，开始在最近的架子上翻看DVD。”可知，这是一部老电影，老太太 把DVD买下来，希望儿子带着自己的孩子一起看，但是刚才儿子是那么不耐烦，anxiety 符合语境，故选A项。31 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：轮到那位老妇人结账时，她用现金付款，像先前一样沉 着地数着美元和硬币。A. opportunity机会;B. ride行程;C. change改变;D. turn轮到 的机会。根据上文“I showed the old woman the way to the queue at the cash register.（我给 老妇人带路去收银台排队）”,以及句中 she paid in cash, count