Unit 7 Seasons 第 3 课时 Grammar（教师版）-八年级英语上册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）.docx

Unit 7 Seasons 第 3 课时 Grammar 八年级英语上册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）知识精讲主语是动作的发出者。表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。它在句首。We study in No.1 Middle School.（“谁”）The classroom is very clean. （“什么”）Three were absent.（数词作主语） To teach them English is my job. （不定式作主语）It is my job to teach them English.（注不定式作主语常用形式主语it句型）Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词作主语）谓语说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语必须用动词，放在主语后面， 且主谓一致。His Parents are doctors. （系动词作谓语）She looks well.（系动词作谓语）We study hard.（实义动词作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和实义动词作谓语）宾语是动作、行为的对象，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后She is playing the piano now.（名词作宾语）He often helps me.（代词作宾语）He likes to sleep in the open air.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy living in China.（动名词作宾语）表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”。 表语位于系动词后面。  You look happy.（形容词作表语）I am a teacher.（名词作表语）Everybody is here.（副词作表语）They are at home now.（介词短语作表语）My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表语） 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。 The black bike is mine. 主语部分(形容词作定语)What is your name? 表语(代词作定语)They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语)The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One.(介词短语作定语)I have something to do. (不定式作定语) 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。He did it carefully.（副词作状语）Without his help，we couldn't work it out. （介词短语作状语）（In order） to catch up with my classmates， I must study hard.（不定式作目的状语）1. 句型 一：主谓结构 （谓语动词是不及物动词vi.S+V） 动词分及物动词和不及物动词：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词: sleep睡觉 walk步行 swim 游泳 happen发生come来 work 工作 laugh 笑如：1. We come. 2. The sun rises. 3. He runs in the park.注意 有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。You must listen to me.2. 基本句型 二： + 系 + （主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。如：1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. He is growing tall and strong.     系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。可分四类：1. 表 “是 ” 如：be“是”(am, is, are, was, were)2.表 “感觉” 如：look看起来feel感到，sound听起来，smell闻起来，seem 似乎3. 表 “变” 如：get变得, turn变得, grow变得，go变得, come变得, become 成为4. 表 “保持” 如：keep保持, stay保持 常用连系动词的用法： 变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀：好是come，坏是go; 天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run; 颜色、天气大不同turn；get / become口语化，如果要说就用它. 保持某种状态： keep, lie, remain, stand , stay. 看起来，好像：appear, look, seem. 感官动词：feel, smell, sound, taste. 注意：There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与 副词“there那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示“（存在）有某事物”。 试比较： There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。） 前一个there无实义，后一个there为副词那里 3. 基本句型 三： + t + （主谓宾）   此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作， 但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。如：1. Who knows the answer? 2. He admits that he was mistaken4. 基本句型 四： + t + IO + DO （主谓间宾直宾） 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人 (间宾)；一个指物 (直宾)eg：give / pass / bring / showGive me a cup of tea please.Pass our English teacher the book./ Bring it to me, please. 1.She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. A：动词后加to give 给 show给看 send寄，打电报 bring带 read读 pass递给 lend借给 leave留给 hand交给 tell告诉 return把还给 write给写信 throw扔 promise答应 refuse 拒绝 B：动词后加for make生产，制造 buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌 5. 基本句型 五： + t + + （主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。The war made him a soldier. （名词） New methods make the job easy .（形容词）I often find him at work . （介词短语）The teacher asks the students to close the windows. （不定式）I saw a cat running across the road. （现在分词） Our teacher found the windows closed. （过去分词） 能力拓展1The sentence structure of “I often hear Simon sing English songs” is _.AS+V+PBS+V+DO+OCCS+V+IO+DODS+V+DO【答案】B【详解】句意：“我经常听到西蒙唱英语歌”这句话的结构是什么。考查基本句型。hear sb. do sth. “听到某人做某事”，hear是谓语动词，Simon是宾语，sing English song是宾语补足语，因此这句话属于简单句中典型的“主语S+及物动词V+宾语DO+宾语补足语OC”句式，故选B。2Which of the following sentence has the same structure as “We think John a good student.?_AI found Betty difficult to work with.BAmy bought a present for me last week.CSinging brings the young man great happiness.DMum and Dad gave me nice presents for my birthday.【答案】A【详解】句意：下面哪个句子的结构与“We think John a good student.”相同？考查句子结构。I found Betty difficult to work with.主+谓+宾+宾补；Amy bought a present for me last week.主+谓+宾+状；Singing brings the young man great happiness.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；Mum and Dad gave me nice presents for my birthday.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语+状。We think John a good student.是 “主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。 故选A。3Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Ice cream tastes nice.”?_ASnow is falling down.BAutumn leaves turn brown.CChildren like flying kites in spring.DWe can see people make snowmen in winter.【答案】B【详解】句意：下面哪个句子和 “冰激凌尝起来很好” 有相同的句子结构？考查句子结构。Snow is falling down.下雪了。句子结构为主+谓；Autumn leaves turn brown.秋叶变成褐色。句子结构为主系表结构；Children like flying kites in spring.孩子们喜欢在春天放风筝。句子结构为主+谓+宾；We can see people make snowmen in winter.在冬天我们能看见人们堆雪人。句子结构为主+谓+宾+宾补；分析句子“Ice cream tastes nice.冰激凌尝起来很好吃。”可知，句子结构为主系表结构；分析选项可知，选项B“Autumn leaves turn brown.秋叶变成褐色。”也是一个主系表结构的句子，turn相当于系动词。故选B。4The sentence structure of “They are swimming” is _.AS+VBS+V+PCS+V+ODS+V+DO+OC【答案】A【详解】句意：“他们在游泳”的句子结构是主语+谓语。考查句式结构。S+V主谓；S+V+P主系表；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+DO+OC主谓双宾语。They是主语，are swimming是谓语，故They are swimming是主谓结构。故选A。5The structure of the sentence “Autumn leaves turn brown” is _.AS+V+DO+OCBS+V+OCS+V+PDS+V【答案】C【详解】句意：“Autumn leaves turn brow”的句子结构是主系表。考查句子结构。S表示主语；V表示谓语；DO表示直接宾语；OC表示宾语补足语；O表示宾语；P表示表语。autumn leaves秋天的树叶，是主语；turn变得，是谓语；brown棕色的，是表语。因此其结构是主系表，故选C。分层提分题组A 能力提升练6“Dustin found the Barbie doll broken.” Whats the structure of this sentence?_AS+V+DO+OCBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+DO+IODS+V+OC+DO【答案】A【详解】句意：“Dustin found the Barbie doll broken.”这个句子的结构是什么？考查句子结构。Dustin作主语，found作谓语，the Barbie doll作宾语，broken作宾补。故选A。7All the volunteers thought her a good helper. The sentence type is _.AS+V+PBS +V+DO+OCCS+V+IO+DODS+V+DO【答案】B【详解】句意：所有的志愿者都认为她是个好帮手。句子类型为：主+谓+宾+宾补 。考查基本句型。S+V+P主+系+表；S +V+DO+OC主+谓+宾+宾补；S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO主+谓+宾；分析句子结构可知，All the volunteers作主语；thought作谓语；her作宾语；a good helper作宾补，用以补充说明宾语her，故选B。8All the following sentences use the structure “S+V+P” EXCEPT _.AShe likes flowers.BHe keeps fit.CThat music sounds great.DLeaves turn brown.【答案】A【详解】句意：下面的句子使用了“主语+系动词+表语”的结构，除了She likes flowers.。考查句子结构。“S+V+P”是“主语+系动词+表语”结构，选项中keep、sound和turn为系动词，后跟表语。故选A。9“Volunteers will send leaflets to all the people in the street.” Whats the structure of the sentence_AS+V+DO+OCBS+V+DO+IOCS+VDS+V+O【答案】B【详解】句意：“志愿者会给街上所有的人发传单。”这句话的结构是主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语。考查句子结构。S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+DO+IO主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语；S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；分析句子结构可知，Volunteers作主语；will send作谓语；leaflets作直接宾语；all the people作间接宾语；故选B。10Whats the structure of the sentence “They are talking happily.”?_AS+VBS+V+OCS+V+PDS+V+IO+DO【答案】A【详解】句意：“They are talking happy .”这句话的结构是什么？考查句子结构。They作主语，are talking作谓语，happily副词作状语。本句是“主谓”结构，故选A。11Whats the structure(结构) of the sentence “We think John the best student.”?_AS+V+OBS+V+PCS+V+DO+OCDS+V+IO+DO【答案】C【详解】句意：句子“We think John the best student”是什么结构？考查句子结构。S+V+O是“主语+谓语+宾语”；S+V+P是“主语+系动词+表语”；S+V+DO+OC是“主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语”；S+V+IO+DO是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，we是主语；think是谓语；John是宾语；the best student是宾语补足语，对John进行补充说明，所以结构是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，即“S+V+DO+OC”，故选C。12Your friend seems unhappy. Which sentence structure does the sentence belong to（属于）?_AS+V+IO+DOBS+V+OCS+V+PDS+V【答案】C【详解】题意：这个句子“Your friend seems unhappy.”属于哪个句子结构？考查句子结构。Your friend作主语，seems是系动词，作谓语；unhappy形容词，作表语；此句是主系表结构，故选C。13The structure of the sentence “Dad bought me a new computer” is “_”.AS+V+OBS+V+PCS+V+IO+DODS+V+DO+OC【答案】C【详解】句意：“爸爸给我买了台新电脑”这句话的结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。考查句子结构。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+谓语+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补；“Dad bought me a new computer”中，主语是Dad，谓语是bought（及物动词），间接宾语是me（人），直接宾语是 a new computer（物），符合C选项中“S+V+IO+DO”结构。故选C。14What's the sentence structure of the sentence "We often hear Simon sing English songs."?_AS+V+OBS+V +PCS+V+DO +OCDS+V +IO +DO【答案】C【详解】句意：句子“We often hear Simon sing English songs.”的句子结构是_.考查句子结构。由 “我们经常听到西蒙唱英语歌”可知，其句子结构是：We是主语（S）；hear是及物动词（V）； Simon是直接宾语（DO）；sing English songs是宾语补足语（OC）；即S+V+DO+OC（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语），故选C。15What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “Linda bought a book yesterday.”?_ASVBSVOCSVIODODSVOOC【答案】B【详解】句意：“Linda bought a book yesterday.”这句话的句型是什么？考查句子成分。在此句中，Linda是主语，bought是谓语，a book是宾语，yesterday是时间状语，符合“主语谓语宾语”句子结构。故选B。16How about going to Yongwang Shopping Mall on foot, dear?If it _ rainy now.Awon'tBisn'tCdon'tDdoesn't【答案】B【详解】句意：亲爱的，步行去永旺购物中心怎么样？如果现在不下雨的话。考查句子结构。根据“rainy”可知前面要用系动词，使if引导的从句构成主系表结构，由此排除ACD，用isn't符合语法及语境。故选B。17Which has the same structure as "The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home."?_AThe students are describing the birds.BBird-watching is interesting.CThe new film makes them happy.DThe hotel offers us free breakfast.【答案】D【详解】句意：哪一句话有着与“这个保护区给了野生动物一个理想的家 ”一样的结构？考查句子结构。给出的句子“The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home.”是“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构。“The students are describing the birds.”是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构；“Birdwatching is interesting.”是“主语+系动词+表语”结构；“The new film makes them happy.”是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构。“The hotel offers us free breakfast.”是“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构。故选D。18”The gas explosion left seven people missing.” The sentence structure is “_”.AS+V+DOBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+PDS+V+DO+OC【答案】D【详解】句意：煤气爆炸导致7人失踪。这里句子的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，句中“The gas explosion”为主语（S）；left为谓语动词（V），seven people为直接宾语（DO），missing是对宾语进行补充说明，作宾语补足语（OC）。故选D。19The sentence structure of “Farmers harvest crops.” is _.AS+V+IO+DOBS+V+DO +OCCS+VDS+V+O【答案】D【详解】句意：“Farmers harvest crops”这句话的句子结构是主谓宾。考查句子结构。S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO +OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语；S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语。“Farmers harvest crops”句子中“Farmers” 是主语，表示“农民”， “harvest” 是谓语动词，表示“收获”, “crops”是宾语，表示“庄稼”。是主谓宾的结构。故选D。20 _? There was a road accident.AWhat was happenedBWhats happenedCWhats happeningDWhat happened【答案】D【详解】句意：发生什么了？发生了一起交通事故。考查句子结构。根据回答“There was a road accident. 发生了一起交通事故”可知对方问的是“发生了什么？”，用“What happened?”表示，其中“What”做主语，“happene”是不及物动词，后不直接接宾语，两个词一起构成“主+谓”结构；事故已经发生用一般过去时，happen要变成happened，故选D。21The sentence structure of “I saw some kids kicking the ball.” is _.AS+V+IO+DOBS+V+O+OCCS+VDS+V+O【答案】B【详解】句意：句子“我看见一些孩子正在踢球”是主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。考查句子结构。I是主语；saw是谓语动词；some kids是宾语；kicking the ball是动名词作宾语补足语，所以句子结构是S+V+O+OC，故选B。22The man is funny, so many students like to stay with him._A主语B状语C表语D宾语【答案】A【详解】句意：这个人很有趣，所以很多学生喜欢和他呆在一起。考查句子结构。本句是并列复合句，前面的句子是主系表结构，根据题干“The man is funny”可知The man是主语，故选A。23Lucy doesnt pay for the juice, because it is free._A宾语B主语C表语D谓语【答案】C【详解】句意：露西不付钱买果汁，因为它是免费的。考查句子成分。由“because it is”可知，本句为“主系表”结构，故划线部分free“免费的”在句中作表语。故选C。24Did everyone have a good time?_A主语B谓语C宾语D状语【答案】B【详解】句意：每个人都玩得高兴吗？everyone是主语，have是谓语，a good time是宾语，did是助动词，故选B。25I cant find my watch. It _ in my pocket.AmaybeBmayCmay be【答案】C【详解】句意：我找不到我的表了。它可能在我的口袋里。考查句子结构及情态动词。maybe也许，副词，一般置于句首作状语；may可能，情态动词，其后应接动词原形；may be可能是，在句中作谓语。根据句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，故此处应用may be与主语it一起构成系表结构，即它可能在我的口袋里。故选C。26The sentence structure of We made her monitor. is_.AS+V+ IO +DOBS+V+O+OCCS+V+PDS+V+O【答案】B【详解】句意：句子“我们选她当了班长”的结构是主+谓+宾语+宾补。考查句子结构。分析句子结构，we是主语；made是谓语动词；her是宾语；monitor是宾补，所以结构是主+谓+宾语+宾补，S+V+ IO +DO主+谓+间宾+直宾；S+V+O+OC主+谓+宾语+宾补；S+V+P主+系+表；S+V+O主+谓+宾，故选B。27Which is the right sentence structure of "I saw the boy standing on the other side of the road."?_AS+V+DOBS+V+PCS+V+IO+DODS+V+DO+OC【答案】D【详解】句意：哪一个是 “我看见那个男孩站在路的另一边” 正确的句子结构“考查句子的结构。I 是主语；saw 是谓语；the boy是宾语； standing on the other side of the road.是宾补，句子的构成是 “主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”；故选D。28The sentence structure of “ The food tastes better than I cooked last week” is_AS+V+PBS+VCS+V+DO+ OCDS+V+O【答案】A【详解】句意：“ The food tastes better than I cooked last week” 的句子结构是“主语+系动词+表语”。 考查句子成分。A. S+V+P主语+谓语+表语；B. S+V主语+谓语；C. S+V+DO+ OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补；D. S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语。句中The food是主语S；tastes是系动词V；形容词better作表语P；than I cooked last week做状语，所以句子结构是主语S+动词V+表语P结构，故选 A。29The sentence structure of "I had little sleep last night. " is_AS+V+OBS+V +PCS+V +IO+ DODS+V+DO + OC【答案】A【详解】句意：“我昨晚睡得很少”的句子结构是主谓宾。考查句子结构。S+V+O表示“主语+谓语+宾语”；S+V +P表示“主语+谓语+表语”；S+V +IO+ DO表示“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；S+V+DO + OC表示“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”；根据原句的句子结构分析可知，主语是I，谓语是had，宾语是little sleep，所以符合“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构，故选A。30Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream. The sentence structure (结构) is _.AS+V+PBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+ODS+V+DO+OC【答案】B【详解】句意：霍波给了埃迪一些冰淇淋。句子结构是什么。考查句子结构。S+V+P 主系表；S+V+IO+DO主宾间接宾语直接宾语；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+DO+OC主谓间接宾语宾补；根据“Hobo”是主语，“gave”是谓语，“Eddie”是间接宾语，“some ice cream”是直接宾语，故选B。31What kind of structure is the sentence “The girl showed her classmates some photos.”?_AS+V+OBS+V+PCS+V+IO+DODS+V+DO+OC【答案】C【详解】题意：句子“The girl showed her classmates some photos.”的结构是什么？考查句子结构。A. S+V+O主+谓+宾；B. S+V+P主系表；C. S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间宾+直宾；D. S+V+DO+OC主+谓+宾语+宾补。the girl 是主语，showed是谓语，her classmates是间接宾语（IO），some photos是直接宾语（DO），故选C。32The sentence structure of “_” is “S+V”.AThe next bus will arrive.BSome volunteers reached the village.CThe movie made the boy excited.DHer voice is beautiful.【答案】A【详解】句意：“The next bus will arrive”的句子结构是“主语+谓语”。考查句子结构。The next bus will arrive.句子的主语是the next bus，谓语是will arrive；Some volunteers reached the village.句子的主语是some volunteers，谓语动词是reached，宾语是the village；The movie made the boy excited.句子的主语是The movie，谓语动词是made，宾语the boy，宾语补足语是excited。Her voice is beautiful.句子的主语是Her voice，系动词是is，表语是beautiful。很明显，是主谓结构的句子是A。故选A。33Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.” in pattern(结构)?_AYou have a very nice sister.BThe news made me happy.CMy grandpa gave me a red packet.DHe likes playing the piano.【答案】B【详解】句意：下列哪一项与“I saw him reading a book.”的结构相同？考查句子结构。选项A中“a very nice sister”作宾语，句型为“主+谓+宾”；选项B中形容词happy作宾语me的补足语，句型为“主+谓+宾+宾补”；选项C中me是间接宾语，“a red packet”是直接宾语，句型为“主+谓+直宾+间宾”；选项D中“playing the piano”中宾语，句型为“主+谓+宾”。题干中“reading a book”作宾语him的补足语，句型为“主+谓+宾+宾补”。故选B。34“White snow covers the whole earth in winter.” This sentence structure is _.AS+VBS+V+OCS+V+PDS+V+DO+OC【答案】B【详解】句意：White snow covers the whole earth in winter.这句话的结构是什么？考查简单句的结构。S+V 主谓；S+V+O 主谓宾；S+V+P 主系表；S+V+DO+OC主谓宾宾补。White snow 主语；covers 谓语；the whole earth 宾语；in winter 状语。故选B。【点睛】英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： + （主谓）基本句型二： + （主谓表）基本句型三： + （主谓宾）基本句型四： + （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： + （主谓宾宾补）35Which sentence has the same structure as “I saw some kids kicking the ball in the