JeffreyBrown_2015[杰佛里．布朗牧师][我们如何将波士顿青年的暴力行为降低 79%].pdf

www.XiYuS锡育软件Ive learned some of my most important life lessons fromdrug dealers and gang members and prostitutes,and Ivehad some of my most profound theological conversationsnot in the hallowed halls of a seminary but on a street corneron a Friday night,at 1 a.m.我曾在这些人身上学到人生最宝贵的课堂:在毒贩、黑社会成员和妓女身上。而令我最深刻的神学讨论,不是在神学院的神圣会堂中发生,而是在街头发生,在星期五晚上,凌晨一时。00:12Thats a little unusual,since I am a Baptist minister,seminary-trained,and pastored a church for over 20 years,but its true.这有些奇怪,因我是个在神学院受训的浸信会牧师,还在一所教会做了超过二十年牧师,但这都是真的。00:39It came as a part of my participation in a public safety crimereduction strategy that saw a 79 percent reduction in violentcrime over an eight-year period in a major city.这是我在参与减低罪案的计划时的收获,并令这大城市的犯罪率 在八年后下跌了百分之七十九。00:52But I didnt start out wanting to be a part of somebodyscrime reduction strategy.但我不是一开始就想参与减低罪案的计划。01:07I was 25,had my first church.我当时二十五岁,刚有自己的教会,01:13If you would have asked me what my ambition was,I wouldhave told you I wanted to be a megachurch pastor.如果你当时问我的人生目标是甚么,我会说我想在一间超大型教会当牧师,01:16prostitutes:妓女 theological:adj.神学的,神学上的 hallowed:adj.神圣的,神圣化的 seminary:n.神学院;学校;发源地;高级中学 Baptist:n.施洗者约翰,施洗者;浸信会教友 participation:n.参与；分享；参股 start out:出发;着手进行 pastor:n.牧师/vt.作的牧师I wanted a 15-,20,000-member church.我想有间拥有一万五千、二万信众的教会,01:22I wanted my own television ministry.我想有自己的电视传道节目,01:26I wanted my own clothing line.我想有自己的服装品牌,01:29(Laughter)I wanted to be your long distance carrier.(笑声)我还想当你的长途电话公司,01:32You know,the whole nine yards.所有能想到的事我也想拥有。01:35(Laughter)After about a year of pastoring,my membershipwent up about 20 members.(笑声)在我当牧师一年后,我有约二十个信众,01:37So megachurchdom was way down the road.所以距离超大型教会的目标还很远。01:47But seriously,if youd have said,What is your ambition?但老实说,当你问我的梦想是甚么时,01:50I would have said just to be a good pastor,to be able to bewith people through all the passages of life,to preachmessages that would have an everyday meaning for folks,and in the African-American tradition,to be able torepresent the community that I serve.我只想成为一个好牧师,与人们渡过人生的所有阶段,向人们传道终生受用的讯息,以及正如非裔美国人的传统所说的,能够代表我所服务的社区。01:53But there was something else that was happening in my cityand in the entire metro area,and in most metro areas in theUnited States,and that was the homicide rate started to riseprecipitously.但在我的城市中,有些事正在发生,就在整个都市中,以及美国大部份的都市。凶杀案的数字急剧上升,02:11the whole nine yards:一切相关的;在各个方面;应有尽有,十全十美 pastoring:n.牧师/vt.作的牧师 metro:n.地铁;大都市;伦敦地下铁道;麦德隆(财富500强公司之一,总部所在地德国,主要经营零售)homicide:n.杀人;杀人犯 precipitously:adv.陡峭地;出乎意料地;陡然地And there were young people who were killing each other forreasons that I thought were very trivial,like bumping intosomeone in a high school hallway,and then after school,shooting the person.年轻人为了微不足道的小事杀害对方,例如在高中的走廊撞到别人,放学后便用枪杀害那人,02:27Someone with the wrong color shirt on,on the wrong streetcorner at the wrong time.又或是有人穿了颜色不对的衣服,在错误的时间和错误的地方出现。02:40And something needed to be done about that.我们必须做些事情。02:48It got to the point where it started to change the character ofthe city.这个问题已开始改变城市的面貌。02:52TED演讲者：Jeffrey Brown|杰佛里布朗牧师演讲标题：How we cut youth violence in Boston by 79 percent|我们如何将波士顿青年的暴力行为降低 79%内容概要：An architect of the Boston miracle,Rev.Jeffrey Brown started out as a bewilderedyoung pastor watching his Boston neighborhood fall apart around him,as drugs and gangviolence took hold of the kids on the streets.The first step to recovery:Listen to those kids,don.t just preach to them,and help them reduce violence in their own neighborhoods.It.s apowerful talk about listening to make change.波士顿奇迹计划的发起者杰佛里布朗牧师从一名困惑的青年牧师起步，眼见他所在的波士顿社区变得分崩离析，毒品和幫派暴力掌控了街上的孩子们。复兴的第一步：倾听孩子们的心声，而不要仅仅去布道，幫助他们减少所在街区的暴力行为。这个演讲蕴含力量，说明了倾听所能带来的改变。You could go to any housing project,for example,like theone that was down the street from my church,and you wouldwalk in,and it would be like a ghost town,你可到任何一个公共屋村,就如在我教会那条街的,当你走进那里,那地方就如一个死城。02:56because the parents wouldnt allow their kids to come outand play,even in the summertime,because of the violence.即使在暑假,家长都不让小孩出来玩,都是因为这些暴力事件。03:05You would listen in the neighborhoods on any given night,and to the untrained ear,it sounded like fireworks,but itwas gunfire.你在这个社区的任何一晚 都会听到像是烟花的声音,但其实是枪声。03:11bumping:n.分化暴沸;机锤击;造成凹凸/v.碰撞;使撞击(bump的ing形式);颠簸地行驶 hallway:n.走廊;门厅;玄关 ghosttown:鬼镇;废弃的城市 summertime:n.夏季 listen in:收听;偷听;监听 untrained:adj.未经训练的 fireworks:n.烟火(firework的复数形式);激烈争论 gunfire:n.炮火;炮火声Youd hear it almost every night,when you were cookingdinner,telling your child a bedtime story,or just watchingTV.你几乎每晚都能听到,就在你准备晚餐时,和你的孩子说床边故事时,或当你在看电视时。03:19And you can go to any emergency room at any hospital,andyou would see lying on gurneys young black and Latino menshot and dying.你也可以到任何一间医院的急诊室,看到担架上中了弹并垂死的年轻黑人和拉丁美洲人。03:28And I was doing funerals,but not of the veneratedmatriarchs and patriarchs whod lived a long life and theresa lot to say.当我主持丧礼时,死去的不是受人尊敬的长者,这样我会有很多话要说。03:40I was doing funerals of 18-year-olds,17-year-olds,and 16-year-olds,and I was standing in a church or at a funeralhome struggling to say something that would make somemeaningful impact.但我是为十八岁、十七岁、十六岁的人主持丧礼。我当时站在教会或殡仪馆里,在挣扎应说甚么能带来改变的说话。03:49And so while my colleagues were building these cathedralsgreat and tall and buying property outside of the city andmoving their congregations out so that they could create orrecreate their cities of God,the social structures in the innercities were sagging under the weight of all of this violence.因此当我的同事在兴建又高又宏伟的大教堂时,他们购买城市外的物業 让他们能迁移信众,以创造或再造他们的上帝之城,这时旧城区的社会结构正承受暴力事件的重担。04:07gurneys:n.(医院用来移动病人的)轮床 funerals:n.葬礼(funeral的复数);丧葬 venerated:vt.崇敬,尊敬 matriarchs:女家长/女统治者/受人尊敬的妇女(matriarch的名词复数)patriarchs:(男性)家长/族长/创始者/德高望重的男长者(patriarch的复数)cathedrals:教堂 outside of:在的外面;超出的范围 congregations:聚集/(教堂里的)会众(congregation的名词复数)recreate:vi.娱乐;消遣/vt.再创造;使得到娱乐/消遣 sagging:n.下垂/vi.下沉;松垂(sag的ing形式)And so I stayed,because somebody needed to dosomething,and so I had looked at what I had and moved onthat.因此我选择留下,有人必须做些事。我看看有甚么我可以做的便实行。04:31I started to preach decrying the violence in the community.我开始在社区传道以打破暴力的污名,04:37And I started to look at the programming in my church,and Istarted to build programs that would catch the at-risk youth,those who were on the fence to the violence.我亦开始檢视教会的活动计划,我开始建立协助边缘青年的计划 幫助那些快走向暴力的青年。04:42I even tried to be innovative in my preaching.我甚至尝试用创新的方法传道,04:52You all have heard of rap music,right?你们都有听过饒舌音乐吗?04:54Rap music?饒舌音乐?04:56I even tried to rap sermon one time.我有次甚至以饒舌形式讲道。04:57It didnt work,but at least I tried it.虽然效果不佳,但至少我尝试过。05:00Ill never forget the young person who came to me after thatsermon.我还记得有个年轻人在布道后走过来,05:04He waited until everybody was gone,and he said,Rev,rapsermon,huh?And I was like,Yeah,what do you think?他等所有人离开后跟我说:牧师,饒舌讲道吗?然后我问:对呀,你觉得如何?05:08decrying:vt.责难,谴责;诽谤 at-risk:adj.处于危险中的 on the fence:保持中立;抱观望态度 innovative:adj.革新的，创新的 preaching:n.讲道;劝诫/adj.说教的/v.讲道(preach的ing形式)sermon:n.布道;训诫;启示;冗长的讲话/vt.对布道;对说教/vi.布道 Rev:n.发动机的旋转/vt.使加速;增加/vi.加快转速;增长And he said,Dont do that again,Rev.他说:不要再这样做了。05:13(Laughter)But I preached and I built these programs,and Ithought maybe if my colleagues did the same that it wouldmake a difference.(笑声)我传道和建立这些计划,我想如果我的同事都这样做的话,我们就可以带来改变。05:16But the violence just careened out of control,and peoplewho were not involved in the violence were getting shot andkilled:somebody going to buy a pack of cigarettes at aconvenience store,但暴力事件就是不受控制。不牵涉在内的人却被人射杀,例如到便利店买香烟的人,05:27or someone who was sitting at a bus stop just waiting for abus,or kids who were playing in the park,oblivious to the在巴士站候车的人,以及在公园玩耍的小孩,他们没有察觉公园另一边的暴力事件,但暴力事件发生在他们身上。05:41bus,or kids who were playing in the park,oblivious to theviolence on the other side of the park,but it coming andvisiting them.在他们身上。05:41Things were out of control,and I didnt know what to do,andthen something happened that changed everything for me.事情失去了控制,而我不知道该做甚么。突然一件事完全改变了我。05:53It was a kid by the name of Jesse McKie,walking home withhis friend Rigoberto Carrion to the housing project down thestreet from my church.这是关于一个叫Jesse McKie的孩子,和朋友Rigoberto Carrion一起回家,回到我教会附近的公共屋村。06:03preached:vt.说教;讲道;鼓吹;传道;反复灌输/vi.说教;讲道;鼓吹;宣扬/n.说教 make a difference:有影响,有关系 careened:vi.倾侧,倾斜/vt.使倾侧,使倾斜/n.船的倾侧 oblivious:adj.遗忘的;健忘的;不注意的;不知道的 by the name of:名叫;以的名义 Carrion:adj.腐肉的;腐朽的/n.腐肉;臭尸;不洁之物They met up with a group of youth who were from a gang inDorchester,and they were killed.他们遇到了来自多切斯特幫派的一群青年,两人都被杀。06:13But as Jesse was running from the scene mortally wounded,he was running in the direction of my church,and he diedsome 100,150 yards away.Jesse负着致命的伤逃走,他正朝着我教会的方向奔跑,但他在一百、一百五十码外死了。06:20If he would have gotten to the church,it wouldnt have madea difference,because the lights were out;nobody was home.就算他抵达教会也没有分别,因当时所有灯都熄了,没有人在那里。06:28And I took that as a sign.但我视这为一个征兆。06:35When they caught some of the youth that had done thisdeed,to my surprise,they were around my age,but the gulfthat was between us was vast.当他们捉到做了这些坏事的青年时,令我很惊讶的是他们和我的年龄相近,但我们之间的差异十分大,06:38www.XiYuS锡育软件It was like we were in two completely different worlds.就像我们活在完全不同的世界中。06:48And so as I contemplated all of this and looked at what washappening,I suddenly realized that there was a paradox thatwas emerging inside of me,and the paradox was this:in allof those sermons that I preached decrying the violence,正当我反思一切、思考发生了甚么事时,我突然察觉我内心的一个问题:在我宣扬去除暴力的布道中,06:52mortally:adv.致命地;非常 gulf:n.海湾；深渊；分歧；漩涡/vt.吞没 contemplated:adj.预期的/v.计划(contemplate的过去分词);深思;注视;估计 paradox:n.悖论，反论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事 sermons:n.布道(sermon的复数);说教;布道辞I was also talking about building community,but I suddenlyrealized that there was a certain segment of the populationthat I was not including in my definition of community.我同时亦谈及建设社群。但我突然醒觉有一撮人并不在我对社群的定义中。07:08And so the paradox was this:If I really wanted thecommunity that I was preaching for,I needed to reach outand embrace this group that I had cut out of my definition.所以这个问题是这样的:如果我真的想幫助这个社群,我必须走出去,并接纳这群不在我定义中的人。07:22Which meant not about building programs to catch thosewho were on the fences of violence,but to reach out and toembrace those who were committing the acts of violence,thegang bangers,the drug dealers.我们不应只幫助那些快走向暴力的青年,还应幫助那些已在犯暴力罪行的人,那些黑社会成员和毒贩。07:34As soon as I came to that realization,a quick question cameto my mind.当我有了这个觉醒后,我脑海中浮现一条问题:07:48Why me?为何是我?07:53I mean,isnt this a law enforcement issue?这不应该是执法机构的问题吗?07:55This is why we have the police,right?这不是我们有警察的原因吗?07:57As soon as the question,Why me?came,the answer camejust as quickly:Why me?Because Im the one who cant sleepat night thinking about it.当这问题出现时,答案亦随之而揭晓。为何是我?因为我因这个问题而不能入睡,08:00cut out:切断;删去;停止;关掉 fences:n.栅栏(fence的复数);围墙;剑术/v.用篱笆围住;舞剑(fence的三单形式)bangers:n.鞭炮,爆竹;香肠;破旧车 enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制Because Im the one looking around saying somebody needsto do something about this,and Im starting to realize thatthat someone is me.因为我认为有些人必须做些事,而我察觉这人就是我。08:10I mean,isnt that how movements start anyway?社会运动不就是这样开始吗?08:18They dont start with a grand convention and people comingtogether and then walking in lockstep with a statement.一开始时并不是人们众集在宏伟的会议中心,并有着共同的信念。08:20But it starts with just a few,or maybe just one.开始时通常只有几个人,或一个人,08:28It started with me that way,and so I decided to figure out theculture of violence in which these young people who werecommitting them existed,and I started to volunteer at thehigh school.而发起的就只有我。我决定研究这令年轻人 犯下暴力罪行的文化。我开始在高中当义工,08:33After about two weeks of volunteering at the high school,Irealized that the youth that I was trying to reach,they werent在两星期的义工服务后,我发现我想接触的青年都已辍学。08:45realized that the youth that I was trying to reach,they werentgoing to high school.I started to walk in the community,and it didnt take a rocketscientist to realize that they werent out during the day.因此我走进社区,但不需科学家也可知道他们不会在白天出现。08:53So I started to walk the streets at night,late at night,goinginto the parks where they were,building the relationship thatwas necessary.所以我在深夜时走到街上,走到他们所在的公园,开始建立必需的关系。09:01lockstep:n.因循守旧;密集连锁的步伐;步伐一致 volunteering:n.志愿活动/v.志愿(volunteer的ing形式)A tragedy happened in Boston that brought a number ofclergy together,and there was a small cadre of us who cameto the realization that we had to come out of the four walls ofour sanctuary and meet the youth where they were,and nottry to figure out how to bring them in.一件在波士顿发生的悲剧令一些教士聚首一堂,当中有一小撮人发觉 我们必须走出我们的教会,走到青年所在的地方,不追究甚么事令他们变成这样。09:12And so we decided to walk together,and we would gettogether in one of the most dangerous neighborhoods in thecity on a Friday night and on a Saturday night at 10 p.m.,and we would walk until 2 or 3 in the morning.我们决定和他们同行。在这城市最危险的社区认识对方,就在星期五和星期六的晚上,晚上十时,一起走到清晨二、三时。09:29I imagine we were quite the anomaly when we first startedwalking.当我们刚开始时,我们是不正常的人,09:44I mean,we werent drug dealers.我们又不是毒贩,09:47We werent drug customers.我们不是吸毒的人,09:49We werent the police.Some of us would have collars on.我们不是警察,我们还戴着罗马领,09:51It was probably a really odd thing.所以这是十分奇怪的。09:54But they started speaking to us after a while,and what wefound out is that while we were walking,they were watchingus,and they wanted to make sure of a couple of things:但不久后他们开始和我们说话。我们后来发现当我们行走时,他们在观察我们。他们想确认以下的事:09:57clergy:n.神职人员;牧师;僧侣 cadre:n.干部;基础结构;骨骼 sanctuary:n.避难所;至圣所;耶路撒冷的神殿 get together:聚会;聚集;收集;积累 anomaly:n.异常;不规则;反常事物 odd:adj.奇数的;古怪的;剩余的;临时的;零散的/n.奇数;怪人;奇特的事物that number one,we were going to be consistent in ourbehavior,that we would keep coming out there;and thensecondly,they had wanted to make sure that we werent outthere to exploit them.第一,我们会否坚持我们的行动,我们会否坚持每晚到这里;第二,他们想确认 我们不是要用利用他们的。10:08Because there was always somebody who would say,Weregoing to take back the streets,因为经常有些人说 我们须收回我们的街道,10:20but they would always seem to have a television camera withthem,or a reporter,and they would enhance their ownreputation to the detriment of those on the streets.但他们往往拿着电视台的摄影机,又或是个记者,他们伤害在街头的人 去提高自己的声望。10:24So when they saw that we had none of that,they decided totalk to us.而当他们看到我们不是这些人时,他们开始和我们说话。10:34And then we did an amazing thing for preachers.然后我们做了一件令牧师惊讶的事,10:39We decided to listen and not preach.我们决定聆听而不传教。10:43Come on,give it up for me.对呀,为我们鼓掌吧。10:47(Laughter)(Applause)All right,come on,youre cutting intomy time now,okay?(Laughter)But it was amazing.(笑声)(掌声)好了停止吧,你们在占用我的时间。(笑声)但这真的很神奇。10:49We said to them,We dont know our own communities after9 p.m.at night,between 9 p.m.and 5 a.m.,but you do.我们跟他们说:我们不知道这社区在晚上九时是怎样的,就在晚上九时至早上五时。但你们知道。10:58You are the subject matter experts,if you will,of that periodof time.你就是那个时段的主人翁。11:09detriment:n.损害;伤害;损害物 preachers:n.牧师;传教士;鼓吹者So talk to us.Teach us.所以告诉我们,教导我们,11:14Help us to see what were not seeing.幫助我们看见我们忽略了的事,11:17Help us to understand what were not understanding.幫助我们了解我们不明白的事。11:19And they were all too happy to do that,and we got an ideaof what life on the streets was all about,very different thanwhat you see on the 11 oclock news,very different thanwhat is portrayed in popular media and even social media.而他们全都乐意这样做,我们开始了解街头的生活,这和你在晚间新闻中看到的十分不同,而且跟大众媒体和社群网路描绘的十分不同。11:23And as we were talking with them,a number of myths weredispelled about them with us.当我们和他们交谈时,我们打破了一些关于他们的迷思。11:40And one of the biggest myths was that th