2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案解析(第三套).docx

2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案解析（第三套）Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 【参考范文】Your Ultimate Choicethe Ultimate ComputerDo you need a computer in the new semester? Still depressed for not being able to afford a new computer? Good news for you! My computer may be an available option for you to take into consideration.To begin with, it's an Apple laptop which was bought two years ago at the price of 10,000 RMB. It is now in good condition and fully functional. Besides, my laptop is portable so that you can take it to anywhere you want. The storage space is big enough for you to do any assignments, including editing and drawing. Finally, with the dual-core processor and high-performance video card, it can be unimpeded when you play online games and watch videos.So if you are eager to have a computer of your own, please do not hesitate to call me at 1234567. I will offer you a 50% discount!【解析】“available意思为“可获得的；“take into consideration意思为考虑；“storage space” 意思为“存储空间；"dual-core processor意思为"双核处理器；“unimpedecT意思为“畅通无 阻的。Part II Listening Comprehension 与第一套一样。Part III Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops（口卑酒花,for example, which givemany a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a26recent addition to the beverage. This was firstmentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a 27ingredient in residue （残留物）from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers28they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. Theymay be ancient "beer-making tools", and the earliest29evidence of beer brewing in China,the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30thattheory, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31inside the vessels. The majority of thegrains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley （大麦）and about 10% were bits of roots _32lily, which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was anunexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn/t become a 33food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34in the region not as food, but as 35materialfor beer brewing.A) arrived B) consuming C) direct D) exclusively E) including F) inform G) raw H) reached I) relatively J) remains K) resources L) staple M) surprising N) suggest 0) test 26.【答案】I【解析】分析句子构造，由空格前的冠词a和空格后的形容recent可知，空格处应填入一 个副词来修饰recento依据语义，可知relatively更为适宜。故此题选I。27 .【答案】M【解析】由空格前的冠词a和空格后的名词ingredient可知，空格处应填入一个形容词来修 饰ingredient。依据句子意思可知，填入surprising最为适宜。故此题选M。28 .【答案】N【解析】分析句子构造，空格处可能缺少一个谓语动词，以引导后面的宾语从句。依据语意可知, 填入suggest最为适宜。故此题选N。29 .【答案】C【解析】空格处缺少一个形容词，与earliest一同修饰名词evidence。再依据语意可知，填 入direct更为适宜。故此题选C。30 .【答案】0【解析】空格处应填入一个动词原形。依据句意可知填入test最为适宜。故此题选0o31 .【答案】J【解析】由空格前的形容词dried可知空格处应填入一个名词。依据语意可知remains最为 适宜。故此题选J。32 .【答案】E【解析】由空格前的about 10% were bits of roots以及空格后的lily,再依据句意可知,此处 填入介音司including最为适合。故此题选E。33 .【答案】L【解析】依据语义，这里应填入staple词，staple food表示“主食的意思。故此题应选L。34 .【答案】A【解析】分析句子可知该从句为主谓构造，空格只可能和其前的may have组成谓语动词， 依据语意可知填入arrived最为适宜。故此题选A。35 .【答案】G【解析】空格处应填入一个形容词来修饰后面的material,依据语义可知填入raw最为适宜， 故此题选G。Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Team spiritA Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players" Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report byDeloitte, ''Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on 开头）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.B Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy 等 级体制）.C The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility 【敏捷'性） John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions （过 渡），not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two." Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “millennials”（千禧一代） who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.D The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects （such as GE and IBM） to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army/s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority toself- organising teams.E A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon （追随种治理潮流），it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in II linois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making." The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, l have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary. But don't count on it."F Hackman （who died in 2023） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers （能干的人） who are forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.G Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in itscivil- aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as AmyEdmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use "team" as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.H The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism （感'情用事）：the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more "inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that "If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big". They need to immunise teams against group -think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain "deviants”离经叛道者who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.I A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged“ is to give them more control over where and how they do their work-which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.J However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.36. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.【答案】H【解析】 由"They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism: the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overalldirection and take immediate action,可得出答案。37. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.【答案】D【解析】 由"The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.“可得出答案。38. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.【答案】B【解析】 由"Deloitte argues that a new organizational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.“可知， 答案为 Bo39. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.【答案】J【解析】 由"Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices.可知， 答案为 J。40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.【答案】G【解析】由"Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture."可知，答案为G。 41. According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.【答案】A【解析】由"But a new report by Deloitte, "'Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high."可知,答案为 A。42. Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose.【答案】F【解析】 由"If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.可知，答案为Fo43. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.【答案】E【解析】 由"The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, u have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary. But don't count onit."”可矢口，答案为 E。44. To ensure employee/s commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.【答案】I【解析】由"A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are "engaged“ is to give them more control over where and how they do their work-which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.可知, 答案为 I。45. Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.【答案】C解析 由“Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.可知, 答案为C。Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Urbanization migration away from the suburbs to the central city will be the biggest real estate trend in 2023, according to a new report.The report says America's urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.As smaller cities copy the model of these "24-hour cities”, more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the zz18-hour city”, and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are "positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural amenities.Another trend that