初中英语2024届中考语法复习名词性从句知识讲解.doc

中考英语语法复习名词性从句知识讲解在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句分别叫做：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，统称为名词性从句。名词性从句常用的连接词有：A.连接代词1.that 无词义，不作成分，只起连接作用2.whetherif 是否，不作成分，只起连接作用3.who, whom, which ，what（所的，）whoever, whatever, whichever, whomever, whose which whosever whichever这些连接词代词在句子中作主语、宾语，定语B.连接副词when，where，why，how这些连接词副词在从句中作状语注意:从句永远用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 一、主语从句 1.that 引导的主语从句原为陈述句，that无意义，但不能省略。例如:Tom is a rich man It is known to us all.陈述句(加上That)Tom is a rich man （It去掉）is known to us all.That Tom is a rich man is known to 主语从句us all.His hair was turning gray.It worried him a bit.(加上That ）his hair was turning gray （去掉it)worried him a bit.That his hair was turning gray worried him a bit.2.whether引导的主语从句原为一般疑问句（if不能引导主语从句）。whether 后面可以加or not,例如：Did I know John? It doesnt matter.Did I know John?（改为陈述句去问号）（ I t去掉） doesnt matter.加上Whether I knew John doesnt matter.Whether I knew John doesnt matter.主语从句我是否认识约翰没有关系。Whether or not shell come isnt clear.= Whether shell come or not isnt clear.Whether he will be sentenced to death remains to be seen.3.疑问词引导的主语从句为特殊疑问句，疑问词为连接词What do I want to know? It is where he has gone for his weekend.What do I want to know（改为陈述句去问号）（It去掉）is where he has gone for his weekend.What I want to know is where he has 主语从句gone for his weekend.Whose fault this is is not importantWho will become the monitor doesnt matter much to us.（疑问词作主语，语序不变。）What she meant wasnt very clear Where he went for his weekend is not known.Whoever comes to the club is welcome.Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.Whosever book is overdue will be fined.4.主语从句多用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面。That her hair was turning gray worried her a bit.=It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.Whether I knew John doesnt matter.= It doesnt matter whether I knew John.Whether shell come or not isnt clear.= It isnt clear whether shell come or not注：当what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语例如:What he wants is a book.他想要的是本书。 错:It is a book what he wants. 当what引导的主语从句表示“特点”时，可以用it作形式主语What she meant wasnt very clear =It wasnt very clear what she meant.it 作形式主语常见句型（1）It+be+形容词(astonishing, surprising, interesting; good, funny, certain, unlikely， likely, possible, probable, strange; natural, essential，obvious; true; good; wonderful; quite; unusual; evident; worth-while;)+that主语从句。如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.（2）It+be+名词词组(no wonder ，common knowledge， a question，a fact， good news, an honour, a good thing, no surprise,a pity, etc.)+that主语从句。It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.(3) It is +过去分词said ，reported，known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; decided; suggested; demanded; required; made clear; found out.+主语从句It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.(4)It+动词 + 较短宾语+主语从句It occurred/happened to/hit her that she had forgotten to take her notebook.It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.It appeared/seemed to me that he enjoyed the food very much.It does not interest me whether you go or not.(5)It+seem, happen等+that主语从句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice It happened that I was out that day.(6)It+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：It doesnt matter who will be the monitor.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。二、宾语从句 宾语从句用在谓语动词、动词不定式、分词、动名词、介词及有些形容词之后。1.that 引导的宾语从句原为陈述句，that 无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例如:We didnt know it You had sold your house.We didnt know（ it去掉加上that也可省略 ）You had sold your house.We didnt know (that) you had sold your house. 宾语从句James said (that) he was feeling better.I suggested that we should go home.Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him.2.whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句为一般疑问句：既可以用whether, 也可以用if 引导在whether 后面常加or not; He asked me it. Did I know John?He asked me （加if/whether去it Did ）I （know变为过去式）John（去?）He asked me if/whether I knew John.She asked me whether/if you were married.We havent decided whether/if we shall give them aid.Let me know whether you can come or not.It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.注： 以下情况通常要用 whether 而不用 if： 引导宾语从句置于句首或作主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时Whether he has left, I cant say.Whether he will come is still a question.The question is whether we should go on with the work.The question whether we need it has not been considered. 用于不定式之前：Im not sure whether to stay or leave.我不知是留还是去。I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.我真是哭笑不得。用于介词之后：It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.这取决于信是否来得及时。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。与 or not 连用时：I will write to you whether or not I can come.我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。 若条件状语从句，则只能用 if(意为“如果”)。当引导一个否定的宾语从句，通常用 if 而不用 whether：I dont care if it doesnt rain.我不在乎天是否下雨。 3.疑问词引导的宾语从句Do you know it? whom are they looking for？Do you know(去it? )whom （they are变陈述句）looking for? Do you know whom they are looking for? Can you tell me when the train will arrive? I dont know why he hasnt come yet.He didnt tell me what you were doing.I dont know where he is now.I dont know who did it.（疑问词作主语，语序不变。）They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island.I'll take whichever book interests me.注：whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。You may offer he book to whoever wants it.（此句中不能使用whomever，）You may offer the book to whomever you like.（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）4.否定前移：在think, believe, suppose, expect 等的宾语从句中，要将think 等词变为否定形式。I think.we aren't going outing tomorrow.I dont think we are going outing tomorrow.5 it形式宾语代替宾语从句 在动词make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take.for granted等后面经常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句末。He made it clear that he opposed this project.They kept it quiet that he was dead.I took it for granted that youd stay with us.6.少数动词(如like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate)及带介词的动词短语(如see to, depend on、rely on ,count on,rest on)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.1) I like (enjoy, hate) it when.2.)I would appreciate it if 3.) see to (depend on) it that You may rely on it that I shall help you.7.连词that引导的名词性从句一般不作介词的宾语，但可用在except, but, besides后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：He is a good student except that he is careless.You may rely on it that I shall help you.另外 ，介词后宾语从句也不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：Are you sorry for what you've done?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？8.形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句常见的形容词 afraid, amazed, anxious, aware,confident, certain,convinced,doubtful,disappointed,glad, happy, positive,pleased, satisfied,sorry, sure, surprised worried等，连词that可省略。如：Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.I am sure/certain that hes at home now.He became angry that you made the same mistake.He remains confident that he will win. She is aware that I cant help her.He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “no” We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday.I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it.9.that 与 whether (if)的用法区别区别是：that 表示一种肯定、明确的概念，而 whether (if) 则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念。例如：(1)_ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A.That B.If C.Whether D.Whenever (2)_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 10.动词 doubt后接宾语从句时，肯定句通常要用 whether (if) 来引导，；但是如果它用于否定式，其后的宾语从句则要通常用 that 来引导，因为 not doubt 表示“不怀疑”，其意是肯定的、明确的。如：I doubt if whether hell come.我拿不准他是否会来。I dont doubt that he will succeed.我敢肯定他会成功。Do you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他会赢吗?I have no doubt that it is true.我敢肯定这是真的There is some doubt whether he will come to help us.他是否会来帮助我们还有些疑虑。 注： be sure后名词性从句用that引导，而 be not sure 后的从句则通常用whether / if 来引导：Im sure that he is honest.我肯定他是诚实的。Im not sure whether (if) he is honest.我不敢肯定他是否诚实。三、表语从句 表语从句 位于主句的连系动词之后1.that引导的表语从句原为陈述句，that无意义，不能省略My opinion is it.Things will improve.My opinion is that things will improve.表语从句One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out.The fact is that he didnt notice the car until too late.All I can say is that I have nothing to do with itThe truth is that he didnt really try.What surprised me was that he spoke English so well.2.Whether引导的表语从句原为一般疑问句The question is it. The God really exists.The question is whether the God really exists.3.疑问词引导的表语从句为特殊疑问句，疑问词为连接词The problem is it. Who is to pay and when we can start.The problem is who is to pay and when we can start.Thats not what I want.Thats why I have come.That is why she had a day off yesterday.。What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us.4.区别 “That is why.”与“That is the reason why.”“That is why.” 意为“这就是的原因/因此”，“而That is the reason why.”是个定语从句， the reason去掉则与“That is why.”结构一样， That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。 That is (the reason) why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。注意 The reason is that表语从句The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.whether 5 because也可用来引导表语从句。“That is because.” 意为“这就是因为”。指原因或理由，“That is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.6.as if, as though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）。It looks as if it's going to rain.He looks as if he were angry.（虚拟语气）It looked as if it was/were going to rain.She seems as if she had doneShe seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。 四、同位语从句 同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。接同位语从句的名词有belief,doubt,fear,fact,idea,hope,news,order,promise,proposal,possibility,question, suggestion, truth,thought,word,等。1.that引导的同位语从句原为陈述句，that无意义，不能省略The news itself took the whole world by surpriseThe United States was hit by terrorist attacks陈述句The news(去 itself 加that) the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise.The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise.The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.注意：当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。Word came that Mr President would come and inspect ourschool himself. 2.Whether引导的同位语从句原为一般疑问句The problem itself puzzles us. Can he come? 一般疑问句The problem（去itself加whether）（can he变陈述句）come puzzles us.The problem whether he can come puzzles us.同位语从句3.疑问词引导的同位语从句原为特殊疑问句，疑问词为连接词They have no idea tself. Where has he gone？They have no idea（去itself）where he has变陈述句 gone.They have no idea where he has gone. 同位语从句4.同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别A 同位语从句前的名词有一定内涵.而定语从句修饰的可以是名词,代词或是整个主句.The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.同位语从句We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.同位语从句Word came that he had been abroad.同位语从句Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.定语从句The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 定语从句His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 定语从句B.同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,The news that he told me yesterday was true.The news that our team has won the game was true.I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.C.引导词的区别how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句,在同位语从句中that只是引导词,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替，that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,That question whether we need it has not been considered.I have no idea what has happened to him.No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss.No one is happy with the fact that he found out.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.注意:在名词与从句之间加系动词be,句子通顺，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。例如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以例句是同位语从句。例1）Information has been put forward _B_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 例2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information _B_ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as 例3）She heard a terrible noise,_B_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 例4）I can't stand the terrible noise _D_ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that 5.同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I could not come？ 你在哪儿听说我不能来？Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.五、what 从句的小结What从句可作主语、宾语，表语或同位语，或用作插入语what 意思是“所.的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that, all that, anything that, that which, 或those which可以用于以下情况：引导主语从句What she saw frightened her.=All that she saw frightened her.What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.What will be will be.要发生的事总是要发生的。（谚语）What is gone is gone.过去的事就过去了。What we cant get seems better than what we have.引导表语从句。如：Thats what I hope.I should like to be a teacher.Thats what I want to be.Times are not what they used to be.Hes not what he was a few years ago.引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.Well, Ill do what I can.I cant do what youve just asked of me.And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away.She was not happy at what he had said.The city is different from what it was ten years ago.。It was a small place then compared to what it is now.I dont care about money or what people call position.Philip was depressed by what he had gone through.They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state.引导同位语从句。I have no idea what he is doing.用作插入语指代后面的成分。这和非限定性定语从句正好相反，非限定性定语从句指代的是前面的成分。如：It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one.He went to