NickHanauer_2014S[尼克．汉豪尔][致超级富豪们看哪铁耙子即将朝我们而来].pdf

www.XiYuS锡育软件You probably dont know me,but I am one of those.01percenters that you hear about and read about,and I am byany reasonable definition a plutocrat.你们大概不知道我是谁。我就是你们听过,或者读过的,那百分之零点一的族群之一。都有大规模的投资,专门针对中产阶级的需要,00:13And tonight,what I would like to do is speak directly to otherplutocrats,to my people,because it feels like its time for usall to have a chat.而今晚,我要与其他像我这样的超级富豪,直接对话。因为我真的觉得,该是我们好好聊一聊的时候了。00:25Like most plutocrats,I too am a proud and unapologeticcapitalist.就像大多数的超级富豪,我也是个骄傲、并且理直气壮的资本主义者。00:35I have founded,cofounded or funded over 30 companiesacross a range of industries.我创立、与人合资或者投入资助的公司,超过三十个以上,并且横跨各种产業。00:40I cofounded a company called aQuantive that we sold toMicrosoft for 6.4 billion dollars.我投资成立了一家公司叫 aQuantive,以64亿美金被微软收购。00:50My friends and I,we own a bank.我和我的朋友们还拥有一个银行,00:57unbelievable,right?不可思议,对吧？01:02I tell you this to show that my life is like most plutocrats.我之所以告诉你这些,是为了表达,我的生活就跟大多超级富豪一样。01:04I have a broad perspective on capitalism and business,and Ihave been rewarded obscenely for that with a life that mostof you all cant even imagine:multiple homes,a yacht,myown plane,etc.,etc.,etc.对于资本主要和商業行为,我有深广的看法,也因此我在财务上有巨大的收获。过着你们无法想像的、奢华的生活。我拥有多栋房产、一台游艇、私人飞机,等等等等。01:10percenters:(与基数词连用)百分之的事物;百分之的可能性;有百分之可能的局面 plutocrat:n.财阀;富豪 plutocrats:n.富豪;财阀政治(plutocrat的复数形式)unapologetic:不愿道歉的/不认错的 capitalist:n.资本家;资本主义者/adj.资本主义的;资本家的 funded:adj.提供资金的/v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息(fund的过去式)rewarded:劳经奖赏obscenely:adv.下流地;淫秽地 yacht:vi.乘游艇,驾游艇/n.游艇,快艇;轻舟But lets be honest:I am not the smartest person youve evermet.但是老实说,我不是你见过最聪明的人,01:30I am certainly not the hardest working.也绝对不是最努力的人。01:33I was a mediocre student.学生时代我的成绩中等;01:35Im not technical at all.关于技术方面我不是专家;01:37I cant write a word of code.我也不会写程式;01:39Truly,my success is the consequence of spectacular luck,ofbirth,of circumstance and of timing.说真的,我的成功来自于 天大的运气,在天时、地利、人合上的运气。01:41But I am actually pretty good at a couple of things.不过有几件事情我的确挺在行的。01:52One,I have an unusually high tolerance for risk,and theother is I have a good sense,a good intuition about what willhappen in the future,and I think that that intuition aboutthe future is the essence of good entrepreneurship.第一,对于风险我有异于常人的容忍度。第二就是我很有“sense”。这是一种对于未来的直觉。而且我认为这种对于未来的直觉,是成功创業的精随。01:56So what do I see in our future today,you ask?所以,对于现今的未来,你问;我看见甚么？02:13I see pitchforks,as in angry mobs with pitchforks,becausewhile people like us plutocrats are living beyond the dreamsof avarice,the other 99 percent of our fellow citizens arefalling farther and farther behind.我看见了铁耙子,暴怒的群众手中的铁耙子。因为正当我们这些超级富豪,过着超越想像的奢华生活的同时,其他 99%的同胞们,生活品质不断、不断的在衰落。02:17mediocre:adj.普通的;平凡的;中等的 consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论 unusually:adv.非常;异乎寻常地;显著地intuition:n.直觉;直觉力;直觉的知识 entrepreneurship:n.企业家精神 pitchforks:n.干草叉;长柄草耙;音叉/vt.骤然把塞进;骤然把抛入 mobs:abbr.多弹头轰炸系统(MultipleOrbitBombardmentSystem)avarice:n.贪婪,贪财在一九八零年,最顶层1%的美国人,拥有全美国8%的总收入。在这同时,最基层的50%的美国人,拥有国家总收入的18%。02:38三十年后的今天,最顶层的 1%,拥有国家总收入的TED演讲者：Nick Hanauer|尼克汉豪尔演讲标题：Beware,fellow plutocrats,the pitchforks are coming|致超级富豪们：看哪！铁耙子即将朝我们而来内容概要：Nick Hanauer is a rich guy,an unrepentant capitalist and he has something to sayto his fellow plutocrats:Wake up!Growing inequality is about to push our societies intoconditions resembling pre-revolutionary France.Hear his argument about why a dramaticincrease in minimum wage could grow the middle class,deliver economic prosperity.andprevent a revolution.尼克汉豪尔是个有钱人，一个透彻的资本主义着，他要跟其他的超级富豪分享一件事：醒来吧！日益高涨的不平等很快会让我们的社会陷入与革命前的法国一样的状况。且听他解释增加最低工资如何促进中产阶级的成长，并且推广经济的繁榮.最终避免一场革命。20%。同时美国底层的50%国民,02:48假设这样的趋势持续下去,那顶层的1%,在另一个三十年后将会拥有 国家总收入的30%。而美国底层的50%国民,仅有6%。03:00You see,the problem isnt that we have some inequality.其实,我们面对的问题,不仅仅是这些不平等;03:12Some inequality is necessary for a high-functioning capitalistdemocracy.为了维持资本民主高度作用,某种程度的不平等是必要的。03:16The problem is that inequality is at historic highs today andits getting worse every day.问题在于这些不平等,正在处于历史新高,而且日渐恶化。03:22And if wealth,power,and income continue to concentrate atthe very tippy top,our society will change from a capitalistdemocracy to a neo-feudalist rentier society like 18th-century France.若是财富、势力,和收入 都继续集中 在最顶层人的手中,我们的社会将会开始起变化。从一个以资本主义为主的民主社会,变成一个新封建、唯利主义的社会。就像18世纪的法国。03:30That was France before the revolution and the mobs with thepitchforks.那是法国,与手中拿着铁耙子的暴民,等着革命的样子。03:47So I have a message for my fellow plutocrats and zillionairesand for anyone who lives in a gated bubble world:在此对其他的超级富豪 其他的兆亿富翁、以及其他所有 住在高级的泡泡世界的人,我有话对你们说;03:53Wake up.醒醒吧！04:02Wake up.It cannot last.醒醒吧！这样的好景不会持续下去的。04:03Because if we do not do something to fix the glaringeconomic inequities in our society,the pitchforks will comefor us,for no free and open society can long sustain this kindof rising economic inequality.如果我们袖手旁观,让我们社会中的经济失衡继续恶化,这些铁耙,有一天将会向我们刺来。因为没有任何自由开放的社会,可以容忍 这种经济上的不平等无限成长。04:07highs:adj.高的;高级的;崇高的;高音调的/n.高水平;天空;由麻醉品引起的快感;高压地带/adv.高;奢侈地 tippy:adj.不安定的;容易倾斜的 gated:adj.有关卡的;带栅门的/vt.给安装门(gate的过去分词)bubble:n.气泡,泡沫,泡状物;透明圆形罩,圆形顶/vi.沸腾,冒泡;发出气泡声/vt.使冒泡;滔滔不绝地说 glaring:adj.耀眼的；瞪视的；炯炯的 inequities:n.不公平待遇(inequity的复数形式)It has never happened.There are no examples.历史上从未发生过,没有任何前例。04:23You show me a highly unequal society,and I will show you apolice state or an uprising.你提出任何一个极度不平等的社会,我就可以找到武装起义,或者人民暴动的例子。04:26The pitchforks will come for us if we do not address this.铁耙子迟早会向我们刺来,若是我们不想办法解决问题。04:31Its not a matter of if,its when.这不是“会不会发生”而是“什么时候发生”的问题。04:35And it will be terrible when they come for everyone,butparticularly for people like us plutocrats.当铁耙子真的刺来的时候,大家都会遭殃。由是我们这些超级富豪。04:39I know I must sound like some liberal do-gooder.我知道我听起来很像个左派的热心分子,04:49Im not.Im not making a moral argument that economicinequality is wrong.但我并不是。我无意讨论 经济不平等在道德层面上的是非。04:52What I am arguing is that rising economic inequality isstupid and ultimately self-defeating.我认为经济不平等的增长 是愚昧的,并且最终会导致自我毁灭。04:58Rising inequality doesnt just increase our risks frompitchforks,but its also terrible for business too.经济不平等的增长,不单单只是 增加我们沦于铁耙子之下的风险,对于商業也毫无利益可言。05:05So the model for us rich guys should be Henry Ford.我们这些有钱人,应该以亨利福特为榜样。05:15When Ford famously introduced the$5 day,which was twicethe prevailing wage at the time,he didnt just increase theproductivity of his factories,he converted exploitedautoworkers who were poor into a thriving middle classwho could now afford to buy the products that they made.福特成功推出“一天工资五美元”方案,也就是那个年代普通工资的两倍。他不仅仅增加了 工厂的生产力,他将饱受欺凌又贫穷的汽车厂工人,摇身一变,成为了有实力的中产阶级,终于能够购买他们亲手制作的产品。05:19unequal:adj.不平等的;不规则的;不胜任的/n.不等同的事物 uprising:n.起义;升起/adj.升起的/v.起义(uprise的ing形式);升起do-gooder:n.空想社会改良家 self-defeating:adj.弄巧成拙的;不利于自己的企图的 famously:adv.著名地;极好地prevailing:adj.流行的；一般的，最普通的；占优势的；盛行很广的/v.盛行，流行(prevail的现在分词形式)；获胜factories:n.工厂,车厂(factory复数形式)converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的/v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式)exploited:利用/开发利用/英勇事迹/剥削/充分利用 autoworkers:n.(美)汽车工人 thriving:adj.繁荣的;蒸蒸日上的;旺盛的/v.兴旺(thrive的ing形式)Ford intuited what we now know is true,that an economy isbest understood as an ecosystem and characterized by thesame kinds of feedback loops you find in a naturalecosystem,a feedback loop between customers andbusinesses.当年福特的直觉,成了今天的真理。要理解经济体,可以把它想像成一个生态体系。并且跟大自然里的生态体系,有着一样的回馈环路。一种存在在买主与卖主之间的回馈环路。05:39Raising wages increases demand,which increases hiring,which in turn increases wages and demand and profits,andthat virtuous cycle of increasing prosperity is precisely whatis missing from todays economic recovery.工资成长会带动需求的成长,需求成长会增加就業机会,进而更加刺激工资、需求、以及利润的成长。而这样子增进繁榮的良性循环,正是我们现今正慢慢复原的经济里所缺乏的。05:58And this is why we need to put behind us the trickle-downpolicies that so dominate both political parties and embracesomething I call middle-out economics.这就是为什么我们务必抛弃 深深影响双方政治党派的“下渗经济”政策,并且实行我所谓的“middle-out经济”。06:19Middle-out economics rejects the neoclassical economicidea that economies are efficient,linear,mechanistic,thatthey tend towards equilibrium and fairness,and insteadembraces the 21st-century idea that economies are complex,adaptive,ecosystemic,Middle-out经济学不认同 新古典主义经济学的主张,认定经济体是高效、线性,并且机制化的,认定经济体会自动趋向平衡与公正。反之,此主义提昌符合21世纪的思维,认为经济体是复杂,有矫正能力,像生态系统那样,06:33intuited:vt.由直觉知道/vi.凭直觉知道 ecosystem:n.生态系统 characterized:adj.以为特点的 loops:n.计循环(loop复数);封闭的环形/v.使.成环,以圈结,以环连结(loop的第三人称单数形式)wages:n.劳经工资;报酬(wage的复数形式)/v.开展(运动等)(wage的第三人称单数形式)in turn:轮流,依次 virtuous:adj.善良的;有道德的;贞洁的;正直的;有效力的 trickle-down:adj.美国英语经济学利益扩散论的,间接流注论的,“滴入式”理论的 dominate:vt.控制;支配;占优势;在中占主要地位/vi.占优势;处于支配地位 rejects:n.不良品;环境选矿废渣;尾矿(reject的复数)/v.拒绝;抛弃(reject的第三人称单数形式)neoclassical:adj.新古典主义的 linear:adj.线的，线型的；直线的，线状的；长度的 mechanistic:adj.机械论的;机械学的equilibrium:n.均衡;平静;保持平衡的能力 fairness:n.公平;美好;清晰;顺利性 embraces:vt.拥抱;信奉,皈依;包含/vi.拥抱/n.拥抱 adaptive:adj.适应的,适合的that they tend away from equilibrium and toward inequality,that theyre not efficient at all but are effective if wellmanaged.不趋向平衡,反而趋向不平等。并且一点也不有效率。但是,在妥当的管理之下可以非常有效。06:54This 21st-century perspective allows you to clearly see thatcapitalism does not work by efficiently allocating existingresources.这个21世纪的新看法,让我们清楚的见识到资本主义 作用的方式,并不是靠者有效分配资源。07:03It works by efficiently creating new solutions to humanproblems.它的作用方式是经由提供有效的新方式 解决人类的问题。07:14The genius of capitalism is that it is an evolutionary solution-finding system.资本主义巧妙的地方在于,它本身是一个可以自我演化而不断找寻新方法的系统。07:22www.XiYuS锡育软件It rewards people for solving other peoples problems.它鼓励人们去解决别人的问题。07:29The difference between a poor society and a rich society,obviously,is the degree to which that society has generatedsolutions in the form of products for its citizens.贫穷与富有的社会,有一个最大的差别,在于社会本身,透过生产的产品,来解决民众的民生问题的能力高低。07:35The sum of the solutions that we have in our society really isour prosperity,and this explains why companies like Googleand Amazon and Microsoft and Apple and theentrepreneurs who created those companies havecontributed so much to our nations prosperity.社会中存在的这些,解决方案的总体所奠定的,是这个社会繁榮与否的基础。这就是为什么 像谷歌,或者Amazon、微软、苹果这类的公司,和成立这些公司的创業家 对于我们国家的繁榮 有了这么大的贡献。07:48all but:几乎,差一点 allocating:n.分配/vt.配置(allocate的ing形式)evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的 rewards:n.劳经奖励;奖品(reward的复数)/v.劳经奖赏;酬谢;报答(reward的单三形式)generated:adj.生成的;发生的/v.(使)产生(generate的过去分词)entrepreneurs:n.企业家(entrepreneur的复数)contributed:adj.贡献的,分配的;已缴入的/v.有助于,贡献(contribute的过去分词)This 21st-century perspective also makes clear that what wethink of as economic growth is best understood as the rate atwhich we solve problems.这个21世纪的思维,同时也阐明,我们处理民生问题的效率,跟经济上的成长 是成正比的。08:08But that rate is totally dependent upon how many problemsolvers?diverse,able problem solvers?we have,andthus how many of our fellow citizens actively participate,both as entrepreneurs who can offer solutions,and ascustomers who consume them.但这种效率,完全取决于有多少人才、多元化、有能力的人才,来解决这些问题。并且有多少平均市民,能同时以提供解决的人的姿态 主动参与,并且扮演 消费者的角色。08:20But this maximizing participation thing doesnt happen byaccident.但是提高这样的参与度,并不会偶然的发生,08:42It doesnt happen by itself.它不会说发生就发生的,08:47It requires effort and investment,which is why all highlyprosperous capitalist democracies are characterized bymassive investments in the middle class and theinfrastructure that they depend on.我们需要积极正视,并且投入资金。这就是为甚么所有高度繁榮的资本主义民主国家 都有这个特点。那就是 都有大规模的投资,专门针对中产阶级的需要,以及其需要的基本设施。08:49We plutocrats need to get this trickle-down economics thingbehind us,this idea that the better we do,the bettereveryone else will do.我们这些超级富豪,实在应该抛弃所谓“下渗经济”,这种,只要我们受惠,其他人迟早也会受惠的心态。09:07dependent upon:取决于 solvers:n.解决者(solver的复数形式)diverse:adj.不同的；多种多样的；变化多的maximizing:n.最大化;达到极大值/v.使最大化;取最大值(maximize的ing形式)participation:n.参与；分享；参股 byaccident:偶然;意外地 democracies:民主 investments:n.经投资,投资的财产;投资学(investment的复数形式)Its not true.How could it be?这怎么可能呢？这是完全错误的。09:16I earn 1,000 times the median wage,but I do not buy 1,000times as much stuff,do I?我的薪水相当于最低工资的一千倍,但我并没有多消费一千倍。是吧？09:20I actually bought two pairs of these pants,what my partnerMike calls my manager pants.我是买了两条这样的裤子没错,我的合伙人 Mike戏称它为“经理裤”。09:28I could have bought 2,000 pairs,but what would I do withthem?(Laughter)How many haircuts can I get?事实上,这样的裤子我可以买两千条。但我买两千条裤子来,要干嘛？（笑声）我能剪几次头发,09:35How often can I go out to dinner?能去餐厅吃几次饭？09:44No matter how wealthy a few plutocrats get,we can neverdrive a great national economy.无论多有钱,我们这些毕竟是少数的超级富豪。不可能光靠我们来推动一个国家的经济。09:48Only a thriving middle class can do that.只有一个国家蓬勃发展的中产阶级能为之。09:55Theres nothing to be done,my plutocrat friends might say.我的富豪朋友们可能会说,我们又能怎样？10:01Henry Ford was in a different time.亨利福特存在另一个时空,10:07Maybe we cant do some things.也许有些事情,我们是做不到。10:10Maybe we can do some things.但也有些事,也许我们可以。10:12Bloomberg published an article I wrote called TheCapitalist?s Case for a$15 Minimum Wage.彭博刊出了我写的一篇文章,题为“资本主义企業家对于$15最低时薪的研究报告”10:19The good people at Forbes magazine,among my biggestadmirers,called it Nick Hanauers near-insane proposal.富比士杂志的好朋友们,我最大的粉丝之一,称之为“尼克汉豪尔几近疯狂的提议”。10:28median:n.n.中值,中位数;三角形中线;梯形中位线/adj.中值的;中央的 haircuts:n.理发;微裂痕;粘丝(haircut的复数)Forbes:n.福布斯(美国著名财经杂志);福布斯(美国出版及媒体集团);福布斯(姓氏)admirers:n.爱慕者;赞赏者;钦佩者And yet,just 350 days after that article was published,Seattles Mayor Ed Murray signed into law an ordinanceraising the minimum wage in Seattle to 15 dollars an hour,more than double what the prevailing federal$7.25 rate is.可是,在这文章 刊登后的350天之后,西雅图市市长Ed Murray 却立法定案,将西雅图的最低薪资 涨到一小时15美元。比当时联邦的平均薪资 一小时7.25美元还多两倍有余。10:37How did this happen,reasonable people might ask.这是怎么办到的？正常人可能会这么问。10:58It happened because a group of us reminded the middleclass that they are the source of growth and prosperity incapitalist economies.这条法律得以立案,是因为我们出来呼吁,中产阶级才是资本主义经济发展、繁榮的来源。11:02We reminded them that when workers have more money,businesses have more customers,and need more employees.我们提醒了他们,当工人口袋里多了钱,大众商家就多了更多顾客,同时就需要雇用更多员工。11:10We reminded them that when businesses pay workers aliving wage,taxpayers are relieved of the burden of fundingthe poverty programs like food stamps and medicalassistance and rent assistance that those workers need.我们提醒了他们,当商家付给工人薪资的同时,也消除了纳税人对于穷困族群的负担,像是食物券、医疗补给费、和租房补助,诸如此类低收入户所需的补助。11:17We reminded them that low-wage workers make terribletaxpayers,and that when you raise the minimum wage for allbusinesses,all businesses benefit yet all can compete.我们提醒了他们,低收入工人 不擅长扮演纳税人的角色,所以当你提高所有企業、商家的最低薪资,所有的企業、商家都会受益,并且足以进一步的互相竞争。11:33Now the orthodox reaction,of course,is raising theminimum wage costs jobs.Right?最传统的反面看法是;提高最低薪资,代表减少总体的工作机会。11:47ordinance:n.条例;法令;圣餐礼 taxpayers:n.纳税人(taxpayer的复数)stamps:n.邮邮票;印记;图章(stamp的复数)/v.踩踏;镇压;贴邮票于(stamp的第三人称单数)orthodox:adj.正统的;传统的;惯常的;东正教的/n.正统的人;正统的事物Your politicians always echoing that trickle-down idea bysaying things like,Well,if you raise the price ofemployment,guess what happens?You get less of it.政客们总是打着“下渗经济”的旗帜,“看吧,提高创造工作机会的成本,结果会怎样?工作机会就变少了!”的口号。11:53Are you sure?真的是这样吗?12:03Because theres some contravening evidence.证据显示完全相反。12:06Since 1980,the wages of CEOs in our country have gone fromabout 30 times the median wage to 500 times.从一九八零年开始,我们国家CEO的薪水 比国民平均薪水高出三十倍,上升到今天的五百倍。12:09Thats raising the price of employment.这,才是提高创造工作机会的成本。12:19And yet,to my knowledge,I have never seen a companyoutsource its CEOs job,automate their job,export the job toChina.再说,以我的了解,我还没见过哪个公司,把他们CEO的工作给外包,或者自动化,或是将工作机会移出到中国大陆。12:22In fact,we appear to be employing more CEOs and seniormanagers than ever before.不但如此,跟以前比起来,我们似乎雇用越来越多的CEO跟高级主管,12:33So too for technology w