MihoJanvier_2017G[美穗·让维耶][“太阳风暴追随者”教会我们的].pdf
www.XiYuS锡育软件It is almost the end of the winter,and youve woken up to acold house,which is weird,because you left the heater on allnight.冬天快要结束了,你醒来,发现房子里很冷,很奇怪,因为你的暖气是整晚开着的。00:13You turn on the light.你去开灯。00:23Its not working.没反应。00:25Actually,the coffee maker,the TV-none of them areworking.你还发现咖啡机、电视,统统都打不开了。00:27Life outside also seems to have stopped.户外已经完全没有生机。00:33There are no schools,most of the businesses are shut,andthere are no working trains.学校放假了,大部分商店都关门了,火车也停运了。00:36This is not the opening scene of a zombie apocalypse movie.这可不是某部僵尸电影的开场。00:43This is what happened in March 1989 in the Canadianprovince of Quebec,when the power grid lost power.而是1989年3月,在加拿大魁北克省 发生的大停电事故。00:48The culprit?问题出在哪儿？00:57A solar storm.是太阳风暴。00:58Solar storms are giant clouds of particles escaping from theSun from time to time,and a constant reminder that we livein the neighborhood of an active star.太阳风暴是从太阳抛射出来的 巨大的粒子云雾,它时刻提醒我们,我们生活在 一颗活跃的恒星附近。01:01woken:v.唤醒;觉醒(wake的过去分词)heater:n.加热器;加热工 zombie:n.行尸走肉;蛇神;木讷呆板的人 apocalypse:n.启示;天启 Quebec:n.魁北克(加拿大港市省名)culprit:n.犯人,罪犯;被控犯罪的人 from time to time:不时,有时And I,as a solar physicist,I have a tremendous chance tostudy these solar storms.作为一名太阳物理学家,我有很好的机会 来研究这些太阳风暴。01:12But you see,solar storm chaser但“太阳风暴追随者”01:19is not just a cool title.不光听起来很酷。01:22My research helps to understand where they come from,howthey behave and,in the long run,aims to mitigate theireffects on human societies,which Ill get to in a second.我的研究还能帮助我们 理解太阳风暴从何而来,有什么特点,而且从长远来看,要缓解其对人类社会的影响,这一点我稍后再讲。01:24At the beginning of the space exploration age 50 years agoonly,the probes we sent in space revealed that the planets inour Solar System constantly bathe in a stream of particlesthat are coming from the Sun and that we call the solar wind.在50年前,太空探索时代 刚刚开始时,我们送入太空的探测器 发现太阳系里的行星 会不断遭遇来自太阳的粒子流,我们称之为太阳风。01:36And in the same way that global wind patterns here on Earthcan be affected by hurricanes,the solar wind is sometimesaffected by solar storms that I like to call space hurricanes.就像地球上的飓风,会扰乱全球气流分布,太阳风有时候也会被太阳风暴影响,我将后者称为“太空飓风”。01:55tremendous:adj.极大的，巨大的；惊人的；极好的 chaser:n.驱逐舰;猎人;饮烈酒后喝的饮料;机螺纹梳刀 in the longrun:长远;终究 mitigate:vt.使缓和,使减轻/vi.减轻,缓和下来 in a second:立刻,很快 At the beginning of:在的开始probes:n.探索;电子医探针;试样(probe的复数)/v.探查;用尖物刺穿(probe的三单形式)Solar System:天太阳系hurricanes:n.气象飓风(hurricane的复数)When they arrive at planets,they can perturb the spaceenvironment,which in turn creates the northern or southernlights,for example,here on Earth,but also Saturn and alsoJupiter.当它们抵达行星时,会扰乱太空环境,引起北极光或南极光,比如在地球上看到的,在土星也有,在木星上也是如此。02:09Luckily,here on Earth,we are protected by our planetsnatural shield,a magnetic bubble that we call themagnetosphere and that you can see here on the right side.幸运的是,在地球上,我们有一个天然保护盾,就是这个我们称为“磁层”的磁性泡泡,就是右边的这个。02:24Nonetheless,solar storms can still be responsible fordisrupting satellite telecommunications and operations,fordisrupting navigation systems,such as GPS,as well aselectric power transmission.尽管如此,太阳风暴还是会影响 卫星通信和运行,扰乱导航系统,像GPS,还有电力传输系统。02:37TED演讲者：Miho Janvier|美穗让维耶演讲标题：Lessons from a solar storm chaser|“太阳风暴追随者”教会我们的内容概要：Space physicist Miho Janvier studies solar storms:giant clouds of particles thatescape from the Sun and can disrupt life on Earth(while also producing amazing auroras).Howdo you study the atmosphere on the Sun,which burns at temperatures of up to around 10million degrees Kelvin?With math!Join the TED Fellow as she shares her work trying to betterunderstand how the Sun affects us here on Earth.宇宙物理学家美穗让维耶是研究太阳风暴的，太阳风暴是太阳抛出的巨大粒子云，它会影响地球上的生命（同时也产生神奇的极光）。太阳大气层的温度高达1000万摄氏度，该怎么研究它呢？答案就是用数学！这位TED伙伴将分享她的研究，帮助我们更好地理解太阳是如何影响地球上的我们的。All of these are technologies on which us humans rely moreand more.所有这些技术 都是人类越来越依赖的。02:51I mean,imagine if you woke up tomorrow without a workingcell phone-no internet on it,which means no social media.想象一下,如果你 明早起来发现手机用不了,没有网络,就意味着用不了社交媒体。02:58perturb:vt.扰乱;使混乱;使心绪不宁 in turn:轮流,依次 Saturn:n.天土星;农业之神(罗马神话中的一个形象)Jupiter:n.天木星;朱庇特(罗马神话中的宙斯神)bubble:n.气泡,泡沫,泡状物;透明圆形罩,圆形顶/vi.沸腾,冒泡;发出气泡声/vt.使冒泡;滔滔不绝地说 magnetosphere:n.磁气圈;磁层 Nonetheless:adv.尽管如此，但是 disrupting:使混乱/扰乱(disrupt的现在分词)telecommunications:n.通讯行业：服务类型变更，缴纳话费，账户总览等所有业务均可通过移动设备完成 aswell as:也;和一样;不但而且I mean,to me that would be worse than the zombieapocalypse.对我来说简直比僵尸爆发更糟糕。03:07(Laughter)By constantly monitoring the Sun,though,wenow know where the solar storms come from.（笑声）通过持续监控太阳,我们知道了太阳风暴是从何而来的。03:10They come from regions of the Sun where a tremendousamount of energy is being stored.它们来自太阳的某些区域,那里存储了大量的能量。03:17You have an example here,as a complex structure hangingabove the solar surface,just on the verge of erupting.这里有个例子,就像浮在太阳表面的一个复杂结构,就在喷发物的边缘。03:22Unfortunately,we cannot send probes in the scorching hotatmosphere of the Sun,where temperatures can rise up toaround 10 million degrees Kelvin.遗憾的是,我们无法将探测器 送到太阳大气层,那里温度太高,能达到摄氏1000万度左右。03:31So what I do is I use computer simulations in order toanalyze but also to predict the behavior of these stormswhen theyre just born at the Sun.因此我用的是计算机模拟的方法,来分析并且预测太阳风暴的行为特征,就在它刚刚从太阳上生成的时候。03:44This is only one part of the story,though.但这仅仅是故事的一方面。03:57When these solar storms are moving in space,some of themwill inevitably encounter space probes that we humans havesent in order to explore other worlds.当太阳风暴进入太空后,其中一些会不可避免的 遇上我们发射的探测器,发射它们的目的是探索其他的世界。04:01monitoring:n.监视,自监控;检验,检查/v.监视,通信军监听,监督(monitor的ing形式)on the verge of:濒临于;接近于erupting:vi.爆发;喷出;发疹;长牙/vt.爆发;喷出 scorching:adj.灼热的;激烈的;讽刺的;过早硫化的/v.把烧焦;严厉批评;切割;过早硫化(scorch的ing形式)Kelvin:n.开尔文(英国物理学家,数学家);凯尔文(男子名);绝对温标/adj.开氏度的(常作K-)simulations:n.计模拟(simulation的复数);计仿真 inevitably:adv.不可避免地；必然地What I mean by other worlds is,for example,planets,such asVenus or Mercury,but also objects,such as comets.所谓其他的世界,我指的是其他行星,比如金星或者水星,或者其他天体,比如彗星。04:13And while these space probes have been made for differentscientific endeavors,they can also act like tiny cosmicmeteorological stations and monitor the evolution of thesespace storms.尽管制造这些探测器的目的,是为了不同的科学事业,但它们也可以充当 小型的宇宙气象站,用来监控宇宙风暴的演变。04:22So I,with a group of researchers,gather and analyze this datacoming from different locations of the Solar System.因此我跟一群研究者一起,收集并分析这些 来自太阳系不同位置的数据。04:36And by doing so,my research shows that,actually,solarstorms have a generic shape,and that this shape evolves assolar storms move away from the Sun.我的研究显示,实际上,太阳风暴都有一个普遍特征,这一特征随着太阳风暴 远离太阳而演变。04:45And you know what?你们知道吗？04:55This is key for building tools to predict space weather.这是建造宇宙天气 预测工具的关键。04:56I would like to leave you with this beautiful image.我想留给大家这幅美丽的图画。05:03This is us here on Earth,this pale blue dot.这是我们所在的地球,这个暗淡的蓝点。05:06Venus:n.天金星;维纳斯(爱与美的女神)Mercury:n.化汞，水银/天水星/温度表/精神，元气 comets:n.天彗星(comet的复数)endeavors:尽力 cosmic:adj.宇宙的(等于cosmical)meteorological:adj.气象的;气象学的 generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的 evolves:v.进化,进展(evolve的第三人称单数形式)pale:adj.苍白的;无力的;暗淡的/n.前哨;栅栏;范围/vt.使失色;使变苍白;用栅栏围/vi.失色;变苍白;变得暗淡And while I study the Sun and its storms every day,I willalways have a deep love for this beautiful planet-a paleblue dot indeed,but a pale blue dot with an invisiblemagnetic shield that helps to protect us.在我研究太阳的时候,几乎每天都有太阳风暴,我将永远深爱着这个美丽的星球,它其实就是一个淡蓝色的点,但就是这个淡蓝色的点,有一个看不见的磁性盾牌,在时刻保护着我们。05:11Thank you.谢谢大家。05:27(Applause)（掌声）05:28*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*
