信息必刷卷03（上海专用）（原卷版）.docx

绝密启用前2023年高考英语考前信息必刷卷03上海专用上海高考英语试卷坚持以英语学科素养为导向，全面测量考生综合运用语言的能力，突出思 辨能力和学习能力的考查。试题所选取的语料真实鲜活，话题多样，体裁丰富；试卷结构稳定， 难易度适中，区分度理想，测试任务不乏新意。2022年7月上海高考英语试题鲜活新颖、彰显能力，以现实生活中缓解交通对环境造成的破坏为 内容的阅读语篇，要求考生理解语篇内容并推断作者写作意图及概括主要观点，全面考查考生阅 读能力及思辨能力；以分析飞机上的食物难吃的原因为内容的阅读语篇，要求考生具备在跨学科情 景下迁移并运用新知识开展探究性学习的能力。V/ （考试时间：150分钟 试卷满分：140分）注意事项：1 .答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2 .请将答案正确填写在答题卡上I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10 分）Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 2 hours.B. 2 hours 10 minutes.C. 2 hours 20 minutes.D. 2 hours 25 minutes.2. A. The man was seriously injured in the car accident.B. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.Medical Research Foundation is a charity registered in England and Wales (Reg. Charity No.1138223).56. What can be learned about the Medical Research Foundation?A. It is a UK-based medical center for rare diseases.B. It is breaking ground in tackling antimicrobial resistance.C. It is famous for training next generations of scientists.D. It is a section of the Medical Research Council.57. If Jenny would like to be kept informed of the work of the Medical Research Foundation via email, she should .A. fill in the form at the bottomC. click the provided website link58. The whole page is devoted to A. advocating one charitable agencyC. launching an appeal for donationsB. scan the QR code on the rightD. send an email to the foundationB. introducing some brilliant scientistsD. raising awareness of global health challengesEvery year millions of breeding monarch butterflies in the U.S. and southern Canada search for milkweed plants on which to lay their eggs. Concern over shrinking habitat (居住地)has urged conservationists to create monarch-friendly spaces along roadsides, which are more than enough within the butterflies range and usually publicly owned. But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out, a new study finds. They eventually do become desensitized to itbut that might cause trouble to them later on, too.Noise pollution is known to affect the lives of birds, whales and other creatures. But until recently, scientists had never tested whether it leads to a stress response in insects. When Andy Davis, a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia, noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by, he wondered how the constant noise might affect them. Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor, fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measure monarch catcrpillars, heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in the laboratory.The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster than those of cateipillars in a silent room. But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day development period, Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters.This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults, Davis says. A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters in Mexico, as they narrowly escape predators （捕食者）and fight wind currents.Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs' survival rates remains unknown, notes Ryan Norris, an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, who was not involved in the study. But in any case, he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butterflies9 death rates as a result of crashes with cars. "There is so much potential road habitat for monarchs and other insects it would be such a nice thing to capitalize on,“ Norris says. "But you just can't get around the traffic." Davis adds: "I think roads and monarchs just don't59. By "They eventually do become desensitized to it"，the writer means that.A. monarch caterpillars react less strongly to noiseB , monarch caterpillars are stressed out by road noiseC. conservationists are worried about butterflies habitatD. conservationists no longer create monarch-friendly spaces60. What inspired Andy Davis to explore the effect of noise on monarch caterpillars?A. There had been little research on monarch caterpillars.B. Videos showed cars crashed into monarch caterpillars.C. There was no such record of monarch caterpillars9 heart rates.D. He found that monarch caterpillars shook with cars moving by.61. According to Andy Davis, how will exposure to noise influence monarch butterflies?A. They are likely to need more time to develop.B. They are likely to lose their way on their journey.C. They are more likely to be killed in their migration.D. They are more likely to die before they become adults.62. What is Ryan Norris most likely to agree with?A , Monarchs5 survival rates are decreasing each year.63. It is not recommended that roadside habitat be built for insects.64. More capital is needed to study monarchs? developmental period.65. Butterflies5 rising death rates have nothing to do with moving cars.Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they're necessary, because you can't make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive.Lengthy commuting （通勤）time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient-by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays-we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won't change.Traffic congestion （拥堵）isn't an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use.One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient-even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.63 . In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are.A. not widely supportedB. costly to carry outC. generally recognizedD. temporarily beneficial64. According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced?A. Drivers will become more productive employees.B. Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas.C. Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place.D. Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding.65. Which of the following can be inferred about the author's attitude towards the measures to improve traffic?A. They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately.B , They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm.C. They will definitely arouse people's awareness of environmental protection.D. They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive.66. The author wrote this massage mainly to.A. support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic.B. oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment.C. provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion.D. indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic.Section C（共4题，每小题2分，满分8分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why Does Food Taste Bad on Airplanes?How many times have you complained about airline food being bland （淡而无味）and tasteless? How many times have you stopped from ordering any food at all during a flight because we find it unappetizing? Sadly, we might have just been proven to simply be too critical. According to popularly accepted studies, the reason for the "bad food5 might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.The Fraunhofer Institute, a research organization based in Germany, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly acceptable in a fine dining restaurant would seem bland while in the air. 67 What is happening, then?To maintain the pressure inside the cabin, airlines must closely regulate the air inside. This involves changing the composition of air that we breathe. The air inside airplane cabins is 15 percent drier than the air we breathe when we9re on the ground. 68 Scent actually starts to deteriorate the moment you step on a plane. The situation worsens once the airplane begins to climb, which makes passengers more dehydrated （脱水）and dry-mouthed. No one can deny that a glass of lemonade goes great with a meal on a sunny day, but it feels more acidic when you take a sip ten kilometers above the ground.Although the cabin is pressurized to mimic the air pressure you would feel on the ground, it's still less than the pressure we would normally experience at sea level. In this situation, our bodily fluids （体液）will move upwards and the nasal cavities （鼻腔）swell. The swelling messes with our taste buds, making the food taste unappealing.69 Research has also shown that the lower temperature and air pressure on an airplane both make it harder to detect odorants, which are airborne molecules that stimulate the nose's sensory cells and play an important role in the tasting process.70 These collectively produce a rather constant 'noise' that can be as loud as 85 decibels （分贝），which is equivalent to city traffic. It might seem like a weird reason for food to taste bland, but researchers have found that loud noises inhibit our ability to appreciate sweet flavors.A. Essentially, it's harder to smell on an airplane, so it's also harder to taste.B. You might know how dining in such conditions feel, since we've all fought colds or flu in the past.C. In an environment like this, your powers of taste and smell begin to drift away.D. Since sweet and salty foods suffer the most, airlines have begun to add more salt and spice to give their food some added vigor.E. In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition and the differences in taste were startling.F. Flight noises include vibrations from the air striking the hull （机身）,as well as the roaring of the engines and winds.IV Summary Writing（满分 10 分）71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Cities in the SeaThey may be small, but they build big things! Coral polyps （珊瑚虫）,which live in the warm, shallow parts of the Earth's oceans, are probably the biggest builders on the planet. Coral polyps turn calcium from seawater into a hard material called limestone. Slowly, they build up a hard skeleton （骨架）around their bodies. When polyps die, their skeletons remain. Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs （珊瑚礁）.Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitatsthere are nearly a thousand coral species. Reefs are also home to millions of sea creatures, like fish, crabs, turtles, and sharks.Humans don't live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them. Reefs create jobs fbr people in the fishing industry and other related businesses. Coral reefs are also popular for divers many countries benefit from the tourists that they attract. Lastly, chemicals from reef creatures help scientists create new medicines, which help doctors treat different illnesses.Coral reefs are very important, yet we don't take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world's reefs. About half of the remaining reefs are dying, and experts believe all of Earth's coral reefs will be in danger by 2050.Why are the reefs in such trouble? For one thing, people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs-divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water. Even air pollution hurts coral reefs. Global warming causes warmer ocean water, which can cause polyps to lose helpful algae. Without that algae, coral turns white. This is called "bleaching”, and if it continues, the coral dies.V Translation (共 4 题，共 15 分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .体育的价值不仅仅是强身健体，还在于培养锻炼青少年的责任感和意志力。(lie)73 .在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节等节日悬挂。(symbolize)74 .与同类产品相比，这款产品实现了体积更小、重量更轻、功能更全、精度更高的目标。(achieve)75 .那篇小学生作文之所以得到人们的共鸣，就是因为它指出了我们对日常生活的漫不经心。(The reason)VI Guide