重难语言知识之链接动词(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语热点材料重点题型突破.docx

备战2022年高考英语热点材料重点题型突破08重难语言知识之链接动词【重点提示】英语中，人们常把appear,seem,fail,happen,tend, turn out等动词和不定式符号一起叫做链接动词(catenative verbs),把链接动词和动词不定式连用这种结构叫做链接动词结构。例如：He seemed to know the answer to the question.I happened to meet him in the street yesterday afternoon.在这两个句子中，seemed to和happened to都是链接动词，seemed to know和h叩pened to meet则都是链 接 动词结构。L链接动词结构是一个不可分割的整体，是整个句子的谓语部分。我们把seem,happen等动词和不定式连在 一起，看作整个句子的谓语部分是由含链接动词结构句子的自身特点所决定的。下面我们来看一个英语句子：Sam appeared to realize the importance of the matter.在分析这个句子时，如果我们把appeared和to realize切分成两个部分，将appeared看作谓语动词，将to realize 看作另一个语法成分，这样t。realize的语法成分就说不清楚了，因为它不可能是谓语动词的宾语，不可能是修 饰谓语动词的状语，也不可能是主语补足语。但是，如果把appeared to realize这个不可分割的整 体看作是句子 的谓语，把the importance of the matter看成是该谓语的宾语，这样问题便迎刃而解了。2 .构成链接动词结构中的主要动词必须带上动词不定式，句子的意思才完整。例如：John seemed to be coming.Sam happened to fall.这两个句子语法上的主语是John和Sam,但我们不能用通常的方法问“Who seemed?” “Who happened?因 为这两个句子中seemed,happened的意思都不完整。这两个问句应该分别接to be coming和to fall,即“Who seemed to be coming?” “Who happened to fall?”这就是说，链接动词结构中的主要动词，只是句子谓语的一部分，该动 词单独不能作句子的谓语。3 .把含链接动词结构的句子变成疑问句和否定句时，其操作词是do,例如：Sam failed to realize the importance of the matter.这个句子的疑问句和否定句分别是：Did Sam fail to realize the importance of the matter?Sam didn't fail to realize the importance of the matter.上述句子的被动结构为：The importance of the matter failed to be realized by Sam. from a child anadult可知，此处指成长，与development是并列成分，应用名词growth。故填growth。23 .考查介词。句意：青春期是一个成长和发展的时期，因为你从一个孩子变成了一个成年人。根据句意可知， 此处是固定搭配 此mto.“从到"。故填too24 .考查动词。句意：这也是一个自我发现的时期，因为你要为自己的决定和行动承担更多的责任。根据more responsibility for your decisions and actions可知，此处指为自己的决定和行动承担更多的责任，应用动词assume, 由语境可知，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填assume。25 .考查形容词。句意：如果你环顾四周，你可能会发现你的一些朋友对自己有相当好的看法一他们清楚地看 到自己，充分意识到自己的优点和缺点，而其他人往往过于关注自己的缺点，而忽略了自己的优点。根据语境可 知，此处指你的一些朋友对自己有相当好的看法，应用形容词favorable,修饰名词view。故填favorable。26 .考查名词。句意：如果你环顾四周，你可能会发现你的一些朋友对自己有相当好的看法他们清楚地看到 自己，充分意识到自己的优点和缺点，而其他人往往过于关注自己的缺点，而忽略了自己的优点。根据语境可知， 此处指自己的优点，与weaknesses对应，应用名词复数形式。故填strengths。27 .考查动词。句意：如果你环顾四周，你可能会发现你的一些朋友对自己有相当好的看法他们清楚地看到 自己，充分意识到自己的优点和缺点，而其他人往往过于关注自己的缺点，而忽略了自己的优点。根据while others tend to focus too heavily on their faults可知，此处指其他人往往忽略了自己的优点，应用动词overlook,与others 是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，表主动。故填。verlooking。28 .考查动词。句意：如果你有较高的自尊心，你在处理你想做的事情时就会更自信，不太可能受影响去做你不 愿做的事情。根据语境可知，此处指处理你想做的事情，应用动词handle,与主语you是逻辑主谓关系，应用现 在分词,表主动,和when一起构成时间状语。故填handling。29 .考查比较级。句意：如果你有较高的自尊心，你在处理你想做的事情时就会更自信，较少可能受影响去做你 不愿做的事情。根据be more confident可知，此处指较少可能受影响去做你不愿做的事情，应用less likely“较少 可能故填less。30 .考查动词。句意：此外，高自尊也增加了你面对挑战时坚持不懈的可能性，这可能有助于你走向成功。根据 句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定短语be faced with“面对"。故填faced。31 .考查定语从句。句意：此外，高自尊也增加了你面对挑战时坚持不懈的可能性，这可能有助于你走向成功。 根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面整句话的内容，作主语，应用关系代词 which引导。故填which。令一关注有礼学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取180套PPT教学模版令海量教育资源一触即达 令新鲜活动资讯即时上线在被动结构中，链接动词failed to不象主要动词，而象情态动词。4 .含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成被动结构，但这并不是说所有含链接动词结构的句子都有其相应的被 动结构形式，有些含链接动词结构的句子是没有相应的被动结构形式的。例如：The writer managed to finish his book within two years.The player tends to pitch the ball too high.这两个句子中managed to finish和tends to pitch都是链接动词结构,但这两个句子都没有相应被动结构 形式。含链接动词结构中的句子能否转换成被动结构，与这种结构中的第一个动词有关。一般说来，如果该动词的 动作受句子主语支配，含由这种动词组成的链接动词结构的句子不能转换成被动结构；如果该动词的动作不受 句子主语的支配，含这种动词组成的链接动词结构的句子可以转换成被动结构。上述两例中的managed和tends 的动作分别受句子的主语the writer和the player的支配，故这两个句子不能被转换成被动结构。请再看下面两个 句子：Helen got to know the truth of the matter.Helen happened to know the truth of the matter.这两个句子都是含链接动词结构的句子，但第一个句子中的got受主语Helen的支配，故没有相应的被动结 构；第二个句子中的happened不受主语Helen的支配，故该句子可以被转换成被动结构：The truth of the matter happened to be known by Helen.5 .有些含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成如"It seems/appears that.” 一样的结构。例如：She seems to have been to many countries一It seems that she has been to many countries.The news turned out to be true.>It turned out that the news was true.They happened to hear her singing in the next room.It happened that they heard her singing in the next room.但并非所有含链接动词结构的句子都可以被转换成上述结构。例如“He managed to get the chance.”就不能 转换成上述结构。【重点突破】一、阅读选择1How about changing your body language and facial expressions, depending on the background of the person in front of you? Would you sit or stand differently and pay attention to your hand gestures?These are just a handful of the small changes in behaviour that can contribute to what is known as your "cultural intelligence"，or CQ-and there is growing evidence that suggests they are well worth learning.“The number one predictor of your success in today's borderless world is not your IQ, not your resume （简历），and not even your professional skills/9 writes social scientist David Livermore in his book The Cultural Intelligence Difference. 46It9s your CQ.”Much of the research on CQ has been done by Soon Ang, a professor of management at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. In the late 1990s, her job was updating computer systems in Singapore to deal with a software problem that would possibly bring down the world's computer networks. Ang put together an international team of programmers to solve the problem.They were some of the brightest minds in the business, yet she soon found that they just couldn't work together. The programmer failed to work together effectively. Often, the members would appear to agree on a solution, but then carry it out in completely different ways.Clearly, it wasn't a question of expertise or motivation. Instead, she saw that these highly gifted employees were stumbling over each other's cultural differences, leading to a breakdown in communication and understanding.These insights would lead Ang to team up with the organizational psychologist P. Christopher Earley. Together they built a comprehensive theory of CQ, which they described as “the capability to function effectively in a variety of cultural contexts”.Typically CQ is measured through a series of questions that assess four distinct components. The first is “CQ Drive一the motivation to learn about other cultures. Then there is "CQ Knowledge”, which is an understanding of some of the general cultural differences you may face. "CQ Strategy”, examines how you make sense of those difficult confrontation and learn from them while "CQ Action"，involves your behavioral flexibility-whether you are able to adapt your conduct flexibly.1. What's the function of the first paragraph?A. To introduce what CQ is.B. To explain why people need CQ.C. To show how to improve CQ.D. To encourage people to make changes.2. What does David Livermore think of CQ?A. It's an anti-traditional element.B. It's decisive for one's success.C. It's impractical.D. It's no different from IQ.3. Why did the programmers work inefficiently?A. They spoke different languages.B. Some of them were not experts.C. They lacked passion for teamwork.D. They had barriers for mutual understanding.4. What would be the best title for the passage?A. How CQ worksB. CQ determines successC. IQ or CQ?D. How to measure CQ【答案】ABDB【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“文化智力（CQ） ”以及其对成功的重要作用。1 .推理判断题。根据第段"How about changing your body language and facial expressions, depending on the background of the person in front of you? Would you sit or stand differently and pay attention to your hand gestures? （$ 何根据你面前人的背景来改变你的肢体语言和面部表情呢？你会用不同的姿势坐着或站着，注意你的手势吗？）” 以及第二段“These are just a handful of the small changes in behaviour that can contribute to what is known as your "cultural intelligence”, or CQ-and there is growing evidence that suggests they are well worth learning.（这些只是一小 部分行为上的小变化，它们会影响你所谓的“文化智力”（CQ）,而且越来越多的证据表明，它们非常值得学习）” 可知，这篇文章的重点是告诉我们行为上的微小变化可能会影响你的文化智商，故可推知，第一段的作用是介绍 什么是文化智力。故选A。2 .推理判断题。根据第三段“"The number one predictor of your success in today's borderless world is not your IQ, not your resume （简历），and not even your professional skills/9 writes social scientist David Livermore in his book The Cultural Intelligence Difference. "Ifs your CQ.”（社会科学家David Livermore在他的文化智力差异一书中写道： “在当今这个无国界的世界，预测你能否成功的头号因素不是你的智商，不是你的简历，甚至不是你的专业技能。 而是你的文化智力。”户可推知，David Livermore认为文化智力对一个人的成功是决定性的。故选B。3 .细节理解题。根据第六段“Clearly, it wasn't a question of expertise or motivation. Instead, she saw that these highly gifted employees were stumbling over each other's cultural differences, leading to a breakdown in communication and understanding显然，这不是专业知识或动机的问题。相反，她看到这些极具天赋的员工在彼此的文化差异上磕 磕绊绊，导致沟通和理解的崩溃广可知，他们的工作效率低是因为他们在相互理解上存在障碍。故选D。4 .主旨大意题。根据第二段“These are just a handful of the small changes in behaviour that can contribute to what is known as your "cultural intelligence"，or CQ-and there is growing evidence that suggests they are well worth learning.（这些只是一小部分行为上的小变化，它们会影响你所谓的“文化智商”（CQ）,而且越来越多的证据表明， 它们非常值得学习广结合文章主要说明了什么是“文化智力（CQ） ”以及其对成功的重要作用。故B选项“文化智 力决定成功”最符合文章标题。故选B。The Dog and the JoeyLeonie Allan lives in an area of Australia where people often find wildlife in their yards. One spring morning, Leonie took her dog Rex for a walk as usual. The walk was casual, but Rex was acting strangely afterward. As Leonie worked in the yard, Rex kept looking down on the road where they had taken their walk. Then he began standing very still, with his nose pointing toward what he wanted Leonie to notice.Rex, a mixed breed （血统），is part "pointer”. Pointers are dogs that naturally stand very still and point with their entire body in the direction of wildlife they see or smell. They are trained not to hunt animals but simply to point to where they are. They are excellent in tracking and finding animals.Leonie became worried when Rex left to investigate （调查）.She thought he might have found something dangerous. She called the dog back. But when Rex returned, in his mouth he had a joey, a baby kangaroo about four months old. Picking up an animal was unusual behavior fbr Rex, since he hadn't been trained to do so. Leonie was surprised that Rex had taken the joey gently by the neck and brought it to her. The baby joey didn't appear to be afraid at all.“He obviously sensed the baby kangaroo was still alive,“ Leonie said, "and somehow had gently took it by the neck and brought it to me.Rex and the joey, which Leonie named Rex Jr., spent the afternoon playing together. "The joey was snuggling （依偎） up to him, jumping to him, and Rex was sniffing and licking him - it was quite sweet,“ Leonie told the newspaper reporter.Rex Jr. was bottle-fed and raised at a wildlife sanctuary （庇护所）A year and a half later, he was released back into the wild in an area where he could be monitored. Now Rex Jr. is part of a group of kangaroos, living a normal kangaroo life 一 thanks to Rex, a gentle dog that knows how to point.5. The “pointer“ gets its name because of its ability to.A. discover wildlifeB. be gentle with wildlifeC. avoid dangerous situationsD. get along with other animals6. When Rex went to investigate, Leonie was worried because.A. she thought he might get lostB. she knew he was tired after the walkC. she did not want to stop working in her yardD. she did not want Rex to put himself in danger7. Which word best describes Rex's behaviour toward the joey?B. Curious.A. Sympathetic.C. Protective.D. Respectful.【答案】ADC【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只狗救了一个袋鼠宝宝的故事。5 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They are trained not to hunt animals but simply to point to where they are. They are excellent in tracking and finding animals.（它们接受的训|练不是猎杀动物，而只是指向它们所在的位置。它们在追 踪和发现动物方面非常出色）”可知，指示犬往往在发现了猎物后将身体指向猎物，它们在追踪和发现动物方面非 常出色。从而推知，指示犬因其能够发现猎物而得名。故选A项。6 .推理判断题。根据文章第三段"She thought he might have found something dangerous. She called the dog back.（她 认为他可能发现了什么危险的东西。她把狗叫了回来户可推知，此处指Rex去调查时，Leonie很担心，因为她不 想让Rex置于危险之中。故选D项。7 .推理判断题。通过文章第三段“taken the joey gently by the neck （轻轻地叼住了小袋鼠的脖子户以及倒数第二段 “The joey was snuggling up to him, jumping to him, and Rex was sniffing and licking him （小袋鼠依偎着它，跳向它， Rex则嗅着它，舔着它广可推知，Rex对小袋鼠十分关爱，时刻保护着它。故选C项。3As a short-distance track and field runner at high school and college, I often found myself wondering which of the eight or sometimes nine lanes （跑道）on the track was the fastest. It was conventional wisdom that the middle lanes lanes three through six - were the best.This idea, in a way, is baked into the rules of track and field. In events with multiple heats from the college level all the way to the Olympics 一 the people who run faster times in earlier heats are assigned to middle lanes in later heats. Tn other words, the fastest runners are rewarded with what are, supposedly, better lane assignment （分酉己）.Using 20 years of track and field data from the International Association of Athletics Federations, I found that the long-held beliefs about lane advantages are not supported by the data. And in fact, for the 200-meter sprint （冲刺），the evidence suggests that lanes often regarded as the least desirable are actually the fastest.In most races, the fastest runners are assigned to the middle lanes according to the competition rules. Not surprisingly, the fastest runners - who are in the middle lanes - often win. Are these racers winning because those lanes are the fastest or because those runners tend to be the fastest?Next time you're watching any of the shorter track and field events in the Olympics, listen and see if anyone repeats the old adage that the middle lanes are the fastest. The data shows this isn't true, so if someone in the outside lanes takes a surprise gold, you'll know it is not because of their lane assignment, but because they were a slow qualifier （入围者）.8. What was the traditional belief in the track and field lanes?A. All lanes were the same.B. The inner lanes were the best.C. The middle lanes were the best.D. The outside lanes were the best.9. How did the author get his finding?A. By referring to long term data.B. By using other research results.C. By watching the latest sprinters* competition.D. By experimenting which lane was the fastest.10. What does the underlined word “adage“ probably mean in paragraph 5?A. Saying.B. Style.C. Package.D. Stage.11. Which of the following does the author approve of?A. Losing racers tend to be in the slowest lane.B. Winning racers tend to be in the fastest lane.C. Winning racers often run fastest.D. Racers win because their lanes are the fastest.【答案】CAAC【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了作者对田径比赛中的跑道优势的新认识。8 .细节理解题。根据第一段中的"It was conventional wisdom that the middle lanes lanes three through six were the best.（人们通常认为中间的跑道3号到6号跑道是最好的广可知，田径跑道的传统观念是中间跑道是 最好的。故选C。9 .细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Using 20 years of track and field data from the International Association of Athletics Federations, I found that the long-held beliefs about lane advantages are not supported by the data.（利用国际田径联合 会20年的田径数据，我发现，长期以来关于跑道优势的观点并没有得到数据的支持户可知，作者通过参考长期 数据得出了他的发现。故选A。10 .词句猜测题。根据第一段中的"It was conventional wisdom that the middle lanes 一 lanes three through six 一 were the best.（人们通常认为中间的跑道3号到6号跑道是最好的）”及划线词后面的“the middle lanes are thefastest（中间跑道是最快的户可推知，此处指传统或古老的说法。由此推知，划线词与saying（谚语，格言，警句） 意思接近。故选A。11 .推理判断题。根据第二段中的"In other words, the fastest runners are rewarded with what are, supposedly, better lane assignment （分配）.（换句话说，跑得最快的人