全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语新课标II卷解析版.docx

绝密启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转 涂到答题卡上。第一节听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.£ 19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What docs John find difficult in learning German ?A. Pronunciation.B. Vocabulary.C. Grammar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】Text I W: So, how is your German class going, John? M: Well, not bad. The pronunciation is fine with me, and its vocabulary is similar to English. But I'm finding the grammar awful. W: Well, it takes a while to get it right.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件杳看】What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Brother and sister.的。故选B。26题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中 they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching （he ice cream come out below可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部， 然后看到冰激凌从卜.面出来。故可以推出ajuicer就是一台机器。故选D。【27题详解】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以 用ajuicei为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书； B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。点睛：做词义猜测题时我们要注意观察，划线单词的构成结构。如木题背划线的单词是juicer,我们都知道 “er”是单词的后缀。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如：cleaner既可以表示清洁工，又可以表示清洁工 具。根据下文中的意思，可以判断出本题中的ajuicer是表示物。Teens and younger children arc reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report's key findings, 4tthe proportion （比例）who say they 'hardly ever, read fbr fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it conics to technology and reading, the report docs little to counscl（建议）parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it conics to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who se（ aside lime fbr them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom（逼近）ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Children's reading habits.B. Quality of children's books.C. Children's after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less fbr fun''?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books arc of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children's health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐 趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的 内容。【28题详解】推理判断题。题十问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩 子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅 读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。 故选Ao【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的 the proportion （比例）who say they 'hardly ever5 read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively loday.可知，彳艮少为 乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说， 为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句 many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns aboul increased screen time司.知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多， 也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。31题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it cotnes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们 做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩 子们阅读的。故选A。【点睛】作此类型的题时，定要读懂第一段。第段读懂了，整篇文章大意也就迎刃而解了。明白了大 意，第28题我们也不难看出答案，本文讲的肯定不是质量，不是活动也不是关系。而是习惯，即孩子们的 阅读习惯。We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What's the problem? It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn'teven exist if it weren't fbr casual conversation. Small talk is the grease（润滑剂）for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. " Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, " he explains. " The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction（互动）with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that （hose who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. " Il's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband," says Dunn. " But interactions with peripheral（边缘的）members of our social network matter for our well-being also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond withothers. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. " Small talk is the basis of good manners, " he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.C. Focusing on a topic.B. Relating to other people.1). Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?B. It raises people's confidence.D. It makes people feel good.B. Ways of Making Small Talk1). Uncomfortable SilenceA. It improves family relationships.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsC. Benefits of Small Talk【答案】32. C33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】【分这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间 缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有 很多好处。【32题详解】主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机 ±）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间 缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏 沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。33题详解】推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句"The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them ” （成功闲聊的关键 是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那脸与服务员 聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭 关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉 很好。故选D项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交 流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好 处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。 故选C项。【点睛】我们在做阅读理解时，尽量找出每段的主讲内容（可能是句话或是一个短语），这样有利于整篇 文章的把握，有利于做文章大意题。如35题，很显然本文讲的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以 ABD都可以轻松排除。If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37Your metabolism（新陈代谢）gets a head start.38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will begetting the calorie（卡路里）burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.40 If you work out bright and early in （he morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.1） . There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear fbr 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout （he day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!【答案】36. G37. E 38. F 39. B 40. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。36题详解】根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”， 下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中then listen叩!（那么请仔细听！） 很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。【37题详解】根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒4-10 个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。【38题详解】空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一整天都在 燃烧的益处，F项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后句子是对F项的进一 步延伸。故选F。【39题详解】此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。） 是对后面内容的总述。故选B。【40题详解】根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout Ihe day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康 食物选择。）» A项（你将 坚持你的饮食。）符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。【点睛】七选五题型，要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间 的关系，所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。本篇文章采用总分总的结构，第 一段和最后一段是总述，中间是分述，中间每段都是主题句加分述句构成。第三部分语言知识运用第一节完形填空Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch, he'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41 seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was 43! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44. The bay was45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little 46.I realized one kayak （皮划艇）was in 47. “Something's not 48!” I took off my T-shirt and49 into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was50 violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors. I helped 51 the young man out of thewater. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were very53 . "What's his name?” I asked the instructor. he replied, and immediately I 54. Thatstranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance.55, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben57 to me. "I just want to say thank you, he said, uYou 58 myI still can't believe what a 59 it was. Tm just so glad I was there 60 to help my son.41.A.alsoB.oftenC.evenD.last42.A.delightB.reliefC.angerD.worry43.A.scaredB.shockedC.thrilledD.ashamed44.A.talkB.stayC.meetD.settle45.A.bathedB.cleanC.deepD.formed46.A.fasterB.closerC.heavier【）.wiser47.A.troubleB.advanceC.questionI）.battle48.A.realB.rightC.fairD.fit49.A.staredB.sankC.divedD.fell50.A.arguingB.fightingC.ShoutingD.shaking51.A.leadB.persuadeC.carryD.keep52.A.happenedB.occurredC.appliedD.appealed53.A.sharpB.pleasantC.attractive1）.familiar54.A.agreedB.hesitatedC.doubtedD.knew55.A.FortunatelyB.FranklyC.SadlyD.Suddenly56.A.returnB. relaxC. speak【).leave57.A.jokedB. turnedC. listenedD.pointed58.A.createdB. honoredC. savedI).guided59.A.coincidenceB. changeC. pityD.pain60.A.on boardB. in timeC. for sureD.on purpose【答案】41. D42. A43. C 44. C45. A46. B 47. A48. B49. C 50. D51.C52. B 53. D54. D 55. A56. D57. B 58. C59. A60. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的情景。在和儿子见面的地点，作者救了一个年轻人，没 有想到的是，年轻人竟然是自己13年未见的儿子。41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。根据空前句中可知，儿子在三岁的时候离开，到现在已经13年了。由此可以暗示出是 上一次见面。A. also也；B. often经常；C. even甚至；D. last上一次，故选D项切题。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子的电子邮件，并且说要来 看自己。由此可以推知，我很快乐、开心。A. delight高兴，愉快；B. relief （痛苦、忧虑等的）解除，减轻； C. anger怒，忿怒；D. worry担心。故选A项切题。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据第一段可知，作者13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子要来拜访自己的电 子邮件，肯定是欣喜若狂。A. scared惊恐的;B. shocked震惊的；C. thrilled欣喜若狂的;D. ashamed惭愧的。 故选C项切题。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。根据空前可知，我很早就到了拜伦湾，我们应该在那里见面。A. lalk谈话；B. stay停留； C. mee【见面；D. settle解决。故选C项切题。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。A.balhed沐浴：B. clean清扫；C. deep深处；D. formed形成&故选A项切题。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有是离的比较近一点，才能意识到一只 皮划艇出现意外。A. faster迅速的；B. closer靠近，逼近（其他船只等）;C. heavier重的，沉重的;D. wiser 有智慧的；聪明的。故选B项切题。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文儿子出现意外情况可知，一只皮筏艇处于麻烦之中。A. trouble麻烦，困难；B. advance前进，进展；C. question问题，疑问；D. battle战斗，战役。故选A项切题。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据上句皮划艇处于麻烦之中可知，某件事不正常。A. real真实的：Bright正确的， 正常的：C. fair公平的；D. fit合适的。故选B项切题。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文皮划艇有麻烦和下文我去帮忙救人可知，我脱掉我的T恤衫，跳入水中。A. stared 盯着看,目不转睛地看，凝视；B. sank下沉,沉没;C. dived潜水，跳水;D. fell打倒;击倒。故选C项切 题。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文a man lying across the middle和下文He was unconscious "I知，应该是剧烈的 颤抖、摇动。A. arguing争论，辩论；B. fighting打架；C. shouting呼喊：D. shaking摇动。故选D项切题。51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。我帮助把年轻人带出水面。A. lead领导，引导，带领；B. persuade说服，劝服；C. carry 搬运，装运；D. k