北京市西城区高一下学期期末英语试题2.docx

北京市西城区2022-2023学年度第二学期期末试卷高一英语本试卷共16页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并 交回。第I卷供75分）I.听力理解（共三节，分）第一节：（共4小题;每小题分，共6分）听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 每段对话你将听一遍。1. What do the speakers need to buy?A. Some chairs. B. Some shelves. C. A table.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a ticket office. B. On a bus. C. In a classroom.3. What does the man find difficult in learning Spanish?A. Reading. B. Listening. C. Speaking.4. How will the speakers go to the city hall?A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By bike.第二节：（共6小题;每小题分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5. When will the man attend the online meeting?A. This afternoon. B. Tonight. C. Tomorrow.6. What will the woman probably do next?A. Water the flowers. B. Talk about the party. C. Read some magazines.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7. What is the news in the newspaper?A. Plants can speak English. B. Plants can record noises.C. Plants can make sounds.them so they wouldn't be knocked down by tidal waves.（他用来种植珊瑚的几乎所有材料都直接来自海洋。他没 有使用钢管或砖块一一因为他负担不起一一相反，他从海底收集岩石，把它们堆起来，这样它们就不会被 潮汐击倒）”可知，阿卜杜拉种植珊瑚的方法既环保又实用。故选A。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段 “Now, in a world rapidly losing its coral reefs to climate change and environmental damage, he has become an increasingly influential expert on how to bring them back to 如今， 由于气关变化 和环境破坏，世界上的珊瑚礁正在迅速消失，在如何让珊瑚礁起死回生方面，他已经成为一名越来越有影 响力的专家）”可知，阿卜杜拉成为了珊瑚保护方面的专家。故选D。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段"Thousands have traveled from around the world to leam from Abdullah how to grow corals, with some eventually leaving their jobs to join his projects full time. With his 700 active volunteers, he has already saved about 125 acres of coral reefs.（成千上万的人从世界各地来到这里，向阿卜杜拉学习如何种植珊 瑚，其中一些人最终辞去了工作，全职加入他的项目。与他的700名志愿者一起，他已经拯救了大约125 英亩的珊瑚礁）”结合文章主要说明了 Anuar Abdullah致力于研究和保护珊瑚礁工作，他创造出了环保又实 用的种植珊瑚的方法，同时影响更多的人参与到保护珊瑚礁的工作中。可知，故事告诉我们个人可以有所 作为。故选C。CHave you ever wished you could be better organized or more sociable? Perhaps you're a constant worrier, and you'd prefer to be a little more carefree? Actually at least 2/3 of people would like to change some elements of their personality. In the past, such desires appeared to be fruitless. One's personality was thought to be formed in childhood and to remain fixed throughout his entire life.Recent research from psychology professor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues, however, challenges this expectation of a fixed personality. With the right psychological strategies and enough effort, they say, many people can successfully shape their desired personality.Their interventions （干预）typically involve recommending regular activities that reflect the personality traits（特征）people wish to adopt. Introverts who wish to be more outgoing, for example, might have the goal of introducing themselves to a stranger once a week, or making small talk with the cashier in the supermarket. Someone who wishes to be more organized and disciplined might be asked to carefully double-check an email before sending it, or to write a to-do list before going to bed.While these tasks may seem insignificant, the aim is fbr the thinking patterns and behaviors they produce to become habitual. And the evidence so far suggests it works remarkably well. In one 15-week trial of 400 people, participants accepted an average of two challenges each week. After they completed those tasks, their traits shifted in the desired direction, according to a personality questionnaire （调查 I、可卷）.The unexpected personality change should be good news for anyone who wishes they were a bit more sociable, organized, or happy-go-lucky. Another potential benefit is that awareness of this research could help improve mental health.People always believe negative feelings are just part of who they are and there is little they can do to change 9them. But what if educating people about their potential for personality change could place them on a more positive track? To test this idea, Harvard professor of psychology, John Weisz, and his partner selected a group of 100 teenagers who had previously shown signs of anxiety or depression. They took a computerized course that explained the science of brain plasticity（可塑性），and were then given worksheets to strengthen what they had learned.When Weisz checked in on the teens, mental health nine months later, the students reported a significant decrease in their anxiety and depression compared with those who had instead taken part in a course on "emotional expression”.Whether you are struggling with serious issues or simply want to polish off your rougher edges, remember that character is within your own hands and you have the power to become what you want to be.23. According to the passage, an old belief about personality is that.A. most people are satisfied with their personalityB. sociable or organized people are more popularC. childhood has nothing to do with personalityD. people can't change their personality traits24. In Nathan Hudson's research, participants.A. became more aware of their mental healthB. formed new thinking patterns and behaviorsC. reported their completed tasks in the questionnaireD. were advised to work as cashiers in the supermarket25. John Weisz's study is mentioned to Hudson's research.A. question the result ofB. make a comparison withC. explain the method used inD. show an additional benefit of26. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Mental Issues: More than Meets the EyeC. Your Personality Shapes Your FutureB. Personality: It Is Not Set in StoneD. A Great Cure for Mental Problems【答案】23.D24. B 25. D 26. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明通过正确的心理策略和足够 的努力，许多人可以成功地塑造他们想要的个性。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “In the past, such desires 叩peared to be fruitless. One's personality was thought to be fonned in childhood and to remain fixed throughout his entire life.（在过去，这样的愿望似乎是徒劳的。一个 人的个性被认为是在童年时期形成的，并在他的一生中保持不变。）”可知，关于个性，过去人们总是认为 那是在童年时期形成的，并保持不变。故选D。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段 u While these tasks may seem insignificant, the aim is for the thinking patterns and behaviors they produce to become habitual. And the evidence so far suggests it works remarkably well. In one 15-week trial of 400 people, participants accepted an average of two challenges each week. After they completed those tasks, their traits shifted in the desired direction, according to a personality questionnaire （调查问卷）.（虽然这 些任务看起来微不足道，但目标是让他们产生的思维模式和行为成为习惯。迄今为止的证据表明，它的效 果非常好。在一项有400人参加的为期15周的试验中，参与者平均每周接受两次挑战。根据一份性格调查 问卷显示，在他们完成这些任务后，他们的性格会朝着预期的方向转变。）”可知，在Nathan的研究中，参 与者形成了新的思维模式和行为。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第六段 u But what if educating people about their potential for personality change could place them on a more positive track? To test this idea, Harvard professor of psychology, John Weisz, and his partner selected a group of 100 teenagers who had previously shown signs of anxiety or depression.（但是，如果教育人们 人格改变的潜力可以让他们走上更积极的道路呢？为了验证这一观点，哈佛大学心理学教授John Weisz和 他的搭档选择了一组100名青少年，他们之前都有焦虑或抑郁的迹象。）”以及文章第七段"When Weisz checked in on the teens' mental health nine months later, the students reported a significant decrease in their anxiety and depression compared with those who had instead taken part in a course on "emotional expression”.（当 Weisz 在 9个月后检查这些青少年的心理健康时，与那些参加“情绪表达”课程的学生相比，这些学生的焦虑和抑郁 明显减少。）”可知，John Weisz的研究显示了 Hudson研究的另一个好处，也就是可以改善心理健康。故选Do【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段 uRecent research from psychology professor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues, however, challenges this expectation of a fixed personality. With the right psychological strategies and enough effort, they say, many people can successfully shape their desired personality.（然而，心理学教授 Nathan Hudson 和他的同事最近的研究挑战了这种固定性格的预期。他们说，通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人 可以成功地塑造他们想要的个性。）”以及文章最后一段"Whether you are struggling with serious issues or simply want to polish off your rougher edges, remember that character is within your own hands and you have the power to become what you want to be.（无论你是在与严肃的问题作斗争，还是只是想擦亮自己的锋芒，记住， 性格掌握在你自己手中，你有能力成为你想成为的人。）”可知，本文主要介绍的是个性并不是一成不变的， 我们可以通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力成功地塑造我们想要的个性。故选BoDA cornerstone of environmental policy is the debate over protecting nature for humans' sake （instrumental values） or for nature's （intrinsic values）. We propose that focusing only on instrumental or intrinsic values may fail to resonate （弓 I 起共鸣）views on personal and collective well-being, or "what is right J about nature and the environment. It is time to engage seriously with a third class of values, one with diverse roots and current expressions: relational values. By doing so, we reframe the discussion about environmental protection, and open the door to new, potentially more productive policy approaches.In philosophical terms, relational values are preferences, principles, and virtues associated with relationships, both interpersonal and as required by policies and social norms.Relational values can apply to interactions with nature. Some people's identities are rooted in long-term care and stewardship,such as volunteer river-keepers, gardeners or farmers. Other people and social organizations hold worldviews that value kinship （亲属关系）between people and nature. They subscribe to the concepts of "Mother Nature/9 "Mother Earth J and so on. Also, many people believe that their cultural identity and well-being originate from their relationships with human and nonhuman beings, connected by particular places. Caring fbr and attending to places can be extremely important for maintaining cultural practices and core values. According to these views, the value of the land is not independent of humans.Therefore, environmental policy and management should always consider the kinds of relationships people already have with nature, and how these might be engaged to lessen the negative effects of human lifestyles on ecosystems and enhance positive ones. For example, the bond between parent or teacher and child can serve as a channel for social norms, encouraging respect and passion fbr nature, through activities including fishing and hunting, gardening, hiking, or bird-watching. It is also possible to develop values and relationships throughlong-term and repeated experiences with peer groups, by laboring on the land or taking part in outdoor adventure. Bonding is strengthened through play, struggling, suffering, and celebrating together.Relational values are finally receiving attention. If activists, researchers, policymakers, and private-sector leaders internalize this message, perhaps environmental decisions will better account fbr our relationships with nature and many concepts of a good life. Attending to such values is key to the real inclusion of diverse groups in environmental protection, and to achieving social-ecological relationships that provide fulfilling lives for present and future generations.27. According to the author, relational values.A. are traditional expressions with a long historyB. provide more productive philosophical approachesC. help reflect on the right views about protecting natureD. prove to be an effective way to improve the environment28. What does the underlined word “stewardship“ in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Management.B. Friendship.C. Application.D. Happiness.29. What can we learn from this passage?A. Outdoor adventure may damage social relationships.B. The parent-child bond usually leads to new social norms.C. The value of the land is related to human interactions with it.D. Human lifestyles will have more negative effects on ecosystems.30. What's the purpose of the passage?A. To encourage environmental protection through group work.B. To propose new values for environmental policy making.C. To stress the importance of a better living environment.D. To compare different environmental protection values.【答案】27.C28. A 29. C 30. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 “关系价值”这一概念，只关注工具价值或内在价值可能无法 引起人们对个人和集体福祉的共鸣，或者对自然和环境的“正确”看法。通过关系价值，我们可以重新构 建关于环境保护的讨论，并为新的、可能更有成效的政策方法打开了大门。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 “It is time to engage seriously with a third class of values, one with diverse roots and current expressions: relational values. By doing so, we reframe the discussion about environmental protection, and open the door to new, potentially more productive policy approaches.（现在是认真对待第三类价值观的时候了，它有着不同的根源和当前的表现形式：关系价值观。通过这样做，我们重新构建了关于环境保护的讨论， 并为新的、可能更有成效的政策方法打开了大门）”可知，关系价值观有助于反思保护自然的正确观点。故 选C。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as volunteer river-keepers, gardeners or farmers.”可知，列举了志愿的河 流管理员、园丁或农民，说明有些人的身份根植于长期的照顾和管理，故划线词意思是“管理”。故选A。 【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 u According to these views, the value of the land is not independent of humans.（根据这 些观点，土地的价值不是独立于人类的）”以及倒数第二段uIt is also possible to develop values and relationships through long-term and repeated experiences with peer groups, by laboring on the land or taking part in outdoor adventure. Bonding is strengthened through play, struggling, suffering, and celebrating together.（通过在土 地上劳动或参加户外冒险，与同伴群体长期和反复的经历，也可以发展价值观和关系。通过玩耍、挣扎、 痛苦和共同庆祝，纽带得以加强）”可知，土地的价值与人类与土地的互动有关。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 u Relational values are finally receiving attention. If activists, researchers, policymakers, and private-sector leaders internalize this message, perhaps environmental decisions will better account fbr our relationships with nature and many concepts of a good lifb.（关系价值最终得到 了 关注。如果活动 人士、研究人员、政策制定者和私营部门领导人将这一信息内化，也许环境决策将更好地解释我们与自然 的关系以及许多美好生活的概念）”可推知，文章的目的是为制定环境政策提出新的价值。故选B。第II卷（共65分）I.选词填空（共7小题;每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。firm true brave sleep survive create frighten31. He was given a medal fbr his in the battle.32. With a pale face, Amy was too describe the car accident to the police.1. .1 don't think you are telling me the whole about what happened.34. When you first meet someone, be sure to shake his hand and look directly into his eyes with a smile.35. Researchers say that the trees now have a rate of 85%.36. In the painting The Starry Night, we see a village and a dark, lonely tree beneath the amazing sky.1.1 inking is very important for advertisement design.【答案】31. bravery32. frightened33. truth 34. firmly35. survival36. sleeping37. Creative 【解析】【31题详解】考查名词。句意：他因在战斗中表现英勇而被授予一枚奖章。结合句意表示“英勇”可知应填名词bravery, 作宾语，不可数。故填bravery。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：埃米脸色苍白，非常害怕，向警察描述了车祸的经过。结合句意表示“害怕”可知应填-ed结尾的形容词frightened,作表语，修饰人。故填frightened0【33题详解】考查名词。句意：我认为你没有告诉我所发生事情的全部真相。结合句意表示“真相”可知应填名词truth,作宾语，由the可知，此处特指这件事的真相，应用单数。故填truth。【34题详解】考查副词。句意：当你第一次见到某人时，一定要坚定地和他握手，直视他的眼睛，面带微笑。结合句意表示“坚定地”可知应填副词firmly,作状语修饰动词shake。故填firmly。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：研究人员表示，这些树现在的存活率为85%。结合句意表示“存活”可知应填名词survival,作定语修饰rate, survival rate意为"存活率"。故填survival。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：在星夜这幅画中，我们看到一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树在奇妙的天空下。结合句意表示“沉睡的”可知应填形容词sleeping,作定语修饰名词village。故填sleeping。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：创意油墨在广告设计中是非常重要的。结合句意表示“创意”可知应填形容词creative, 作定语。首字母大写。故填Creative。II.语法填空（共10小题海小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确 形式填空。38. （hear） this news, M