高考英语语法讲解及考点练习情态动词（含解析）.docx

情态动词重难点分析情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的观点和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独充当谓语，必须与其他动词连用。注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。一、情态动词基本用法一览表情态动词用法例句注意事项cancould表许可（和may可互换）、能力;表怀疑、猜测、可能性（用于否定 和疑问句中），could可表比can 更委婉的语气及用于虚拟语气You can/may sit here.He can' t be sixty.Could you e again tomorrow?can和be able to都可表能 力，但be able to可表“某 事终于成功力有时态的变化maymight表许可（问句中表请求，might更 委婉）;表可能、或许、猜测（might 语气更加不肯定）；表祝愿（用于 倒装句中）May/Might I use your bike?He may/might be at home.May you succeed!对Maydo？的否定回答用mustn, t/can, t对May/Mightdo？的否定回答用 can' t/might notmust表必须、应该（表主观要求）；表 推测（用于肯定句），意为“准是、 一定”You must study hard.She must be tired.否定式mustn' t表“不准、 禁止”；对Mustdo？的否定回答用needn' t/don' t/doesn' thave to （不必）have to只好，不得不（客观的必须），口语中也可用have/has got toWithout help, I had to do it myself.have to有时态和人称的变化ought to应当（表示义务或责任，口语中多用 should）You ought to obey laws.否定式oughtn' t；疑问句用Oughtto do-*?shall用于一、三人称的疑问句，表征 询意见；用于二、三人称，表不 许诺、命令、警告或表示说话人 的决心等Shall we go now?The sigh there reads, “No person shall smoke here.”表建议或劝告，意为“应该”、本该（含有责备意味）You should learn from each other.shouldYou should have given him help.willwould表意志或决心；疑问句中用于第 二人称表请求（would比较委婉）He promised he would never smoke again.Will/Would you like some tea?would表示过去的习惯或喜 好，不涉及现在；used to表 示过去常常做现在已经不再 有的习惯dare敢（常用语否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中）He dare not/daren' t sleep alone.Dare you touch it?过去式dared；可作实义动词need需要、必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）You needn, t do the work now.Needdo？的肯定回答：Yes, must；可作实义动词used to过去常常（现在已不再）He used to play football.否定式 usedn' t/usen' t to do/ used not to do/didn' t use to do ； 疑问 Usedto do? Did-use to do?二、“情态动词+be doing”和"情态动词+have done”用法一览表句式说明例句can + be doingcan + have done表示“可能。用于否定句和疑 问句（could也有此用法，只是 语气更委婉）He can' t be telling lies.他不可能在说谎。He can' t have told lies.他不可能说了谎话。could + have done指过去没实现的动作，表“本来可以“It' s too late. You could have told himearlier.太迟了，你本来能早点告诉他的。may + be doingmay + have done表示“可能、也许"，用于肯定句He may be doing homework.他也许在做作业。He may have missed the train. 他可能错过了火 车。must + be doing肯定句，表示“定在干某事”The light is on. He must be working. 灯亮着, 他一定在工作。must + have done肯定句，表示“准是干了某事”，对过去事情的肯定猜测He is sad. He must have failed the exam. 他 很伤心，准是考试不及格。needn, t + havedone“本来不必做。用于否定句You needn' t have lent the book to him. He has bought it already.你本来不必把这本书借给他, 他已经买了一本。should/ought to +have done肯定句表示“本应该做而实际没 做”；否定句表示“不应该做而 实际却做了”I should have bought it.我应该把它买下来的。You shouldn, t have scolded him. 你不应该责 骂他的。考点练透一、单句填空用情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空。1. I should have been there, but I find the time.2. Helen go on the trip with us, but she isn' t quite sure yet.3. Tom, you not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!4. You can' t imagine that a we11behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady.5. It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papershave been collected.6. Lucy doesn, t mind lending you her dictionary.一 She , I have already borrowed one.7. John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour?8. 一this book be yours?一 No, it be mine. It he his.9. As a girl, she get up at six every day.10. he to clean the classroom after school?11. You be tired after the long trip, aren? t you?12. 一 What' s the name? Khulaifi. I spell that for you?13. You (see) the film, haven' t you?14. You (talk) on the phone at that time, for I couldn' t get through.15. They(miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from ing for some reasons.16. you pass the College Entrance Examination!17. He had known the matter before you told him, so you (not tell) it to him.18. I did not call to make any airline reservation but I .19. The light is out. They (not work) now.20. 一 My cat is really fat.一 You(not give) her so much food.二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many students want to know about the differences between American Engl ish and British English. How did these differences e about? There is no quick answer this question. At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 American became 2 independent country. After that, the language 3 (slow) began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, 4 the language in England changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about “fall” . Today, most British people talk about “autumn” ,5 Americans stilltalk about “fall” . In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess” (meaning ”I think" ), just 6 the British did 300 years ago.At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, 7 (end) up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado“ from Spanish.The differences are 8 (great) in the spoken language. For example, Americans say dance /dcens/, and in southern England people say /da:ns/. In America 9 pronounce not /na:t/; in southern England they say /not/. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in 10 (understand) each other助读词汇independent adj,独立的pronounce vt.发音.e about 产生after that 之后in the same way同样；以同样的方式 have difficulty in在某方面有困难 参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. couldn' t 2. may 3. must 4. should 5. shall 6. needn' t 7. Must 8. Can; can' t; must 9. would 10. Ought 11. must 12. Shall 13. must have seen 14. must be talking 15. must have missed 16. May 17. needn' t have told 18. should have 19. can' t be working 20.shouldn' t have given二、语法填空本文主要介绍英国英语和美国英语之间的差异。1. to常用搭配，answer to the question （问题的答案）。类似还有key to the door （门的钥匙）。2. an不定冠词的基本用法，an在此意为“一个（独立的国家）"。空后independent以元音音素开头, 故填ano3. slowly副词修饰动词。4. while这里是两种语言的对比，用转折连词while。（两者对比常用并列连词while）5. but空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据两句间的逻辑关系可知此处存在一个转折关系，故 填 buto6. as根据句意可知，此处是指“正如300年前不列颠人使用的一样"。just as在此意为“正如”， 引导方式状语从句。7. ending 分析句子成分可知，动词end在此作非谓语。end在此与逻辑主语British English and American English是主动关系，故填ending作结果状语。8. greater这是一个隐性比较级。句意：在口语方面的不同之处就更大了。9. they缺少主语填代词，they在此指代前面的Americans。10. understanding介词后的动词需用动名词形式。